Capital Gain or Loss

Transcription

1 Capital Gain or Loss Form 1040 Line 13 Pub 4012 Tab D Pages Pub 4491 Part 3 Lesson 11 The Interview Question 9 in Income section Question 3 in Life Events section 2 1

2 In Scope Capital Assets Stocks Mutual fund shares Exhange traded funds (ETF) shares Bonds (limited) Personal Residences 3 Sort-of Capital Assets Homes and other non-investment assets Capital assets for gains Personal assets for losses (not deductible) Government is a profits-only partner! 4 2

3 Interview Scope Out of Scope Business Assets Brokerage Sales paid with virtual currencies (e.g. bitcoins) All other asset sales are out of scope 5 When is a Transaction Reported When asset is sold When asset is otherwise disposed, such as When bond is redeemed When it is totally worthless 6 3

4 When Transaction Is Not Reported Not reported if not a sale or exchange A gift is not sale or exchange Donation to charity is not sale or exchange Bequest to heir is not sale or exchange 7 Forms From Client 1099-B Consolidated brokerage statement Non-IRS forms 1099-S 8 4

5 Interview Brokerage or Mutual Fund Statement Review forms with taxpayer Confirm that cost is reported on forms Does taxpayer agree with reported cost? If not, does taxpayer have cost? Only stocks, mutual funds or some bonds 9 Introduction Sale Of Assets Key elements of a sale: When did you buy it What did you pay for it, i.e., cost basis When did you sell it What is the sales price 10 5

6 What is the Basis* of Shares Cost amount originally paid Adjustments to basis* (of shares) Purchase expenses (commissions) Sale expenses, if not already used to reduce proceeds Non-dividend distributions Broker s requirement to report basis * Basis is term generically used for cost or adjusted basis 11 What is the Basis What if basis is unknown Taxpayer could establish basis if know when it was acquired Watch out for dividend reinvestment, intervening splits, mergers, etc. IRS rule: report zero as basis if taxpayer doesn t have any information 12 6

7 What is the Basis Inherited Inherited Property From decedent who died before or after 2010 Fair Market Value (FMV) On date of death -OR- On alternate valuation date, if elected by estate Taxpayer needs to provide basis or be referred to paid preparer Always long term Use Inherited Long Term in TaxSlayer, Date Acquired dropdown selection 13 What is the Basis Inherited Community property states (usually) Basis of 100% of the property is based on the date-of-death value Follow rules for your state. Separate property states (usually) Basis of the decedent s interest is based on the date-of-death value Basis of survivor s interest unchanged 14 7

8 What is the Basis Gifts Property received as gift Must know basis in the hands of donor Must know fair market value on day of gift Which to use? Depends on which is higher and whether computing gain or loss Taxpayer needs to provide basis or be referred to paid preparer 15 Special Situation (Stock Splits) Shareholder receives additional shares, usually no additional cost Basis of old shares is spread over all shares (old and new) Date acquired for new shares is same as for old shares 16 8

9 Stock Split Example Bought 100 shares for $5,000 on 7/1/2006 $50 per share ($5, shares) On 3/1/2014, receives 100 more shares due to stock split Total basis is still $5,000 Now $25 per share ($5, shares) Date acquired for all 200 shares is 7/1/ Special Situation (Dividend Reinvestment) Shareholder receives dividend payment as additional shares, usually no additional cost Broker reinvests new shares (may be fractional amount) Date acquired for new shares is dividend payment date Prior basis adjusted by adding new share purchase cost 18 9

10 Holding Period When did you buy it? When did you sell it? Always use trade date for securities Settlement date will be later Difference between buy date and sell date is the holding period 19 Capital Asset Taxation Capital gain tax rates apply to net long-term gains and qualified dividends Ordinary income rates apply to net short-term gains Capital gains or losses come from the sale of capital assets 20 10

11 Tax Rates Ordinary income tax rates range from 10% to 39.6% Capital gain tax rates are much lower 0% for 10 & 15% ordinary rates 15% for 25 to 35% ordinary rates 20% for 39.6% ordinary rate 21 What is the Sales Price? Gross proceeds (sales price) Not reduced for expenses of sale Net proceeds Already reduced for expenses of sale 1099-B specifies method used 22 11

12 Gross or Net Proceeds If gross proceeds are reported on 1099-B Do not adjust proceeds for expenses of sale Instead, make adjustment equal to selling expenses (non-covered only) IRS matches proceeds reported on all Forms 1099-Bs to total proceeds on tax return Don t adjust for covered securities broker has already reflected in basis 23 Entering in TaxSlayer Taxpayer receives substitute Form 1099-B or IRS supplied Form 1099-B There may be corrected forms use last one received (will have date) Follow the statement Unless taxpayer has information that statement is incorrect or incomplete 24 12

13 Actual form Many brokers provide a substitute 1099-B B Requirements All Transactions Payer must report: Proceeds (gross or net) Date of transaction Description and quantity of securities sold May need to report more information 26 13

14 1099-B Requirements Covered Transactions Only if securities sold were covered securities (transaction was required to be reported to IRS) Payer must also report: Cost or other basis Whether gain or loss is short-term or long-term A code and adjustment amount, e.g. W for wash sale and amount of loss to disallow Not required for non-covered securities 27 Summarize Broker Transactions per Pub 4012 Tab D Divide the transactions: Short term Basis reported to the IRS Box A Long term Basis reported to the IRS Box D Short term Basis not reported to the IRS Box B Long term Basis not reported to the IRS Box E 28 14

15 Sample Brokerage 1099-B Format varies by brokerage firm Brokers may present transactions subtotaled based on 1099 code 29 TaxSlayer Data Flow Enter transaction details on TaxSlayer Schedule D Capital Gains Input Flows to Forms 8949 Flows to Schedule D Flows to Form 1040 Line 13 TaxSlayer does the flowing 30 15

16 Capital Gains in TaxSlayer Navigation: Federal>Income>Capital Gains and Loses 31 TaxSlayer Input 32 16

17 TaxSlayer Input Enter net adjustment and check allapplicable boxes on screen below Description of codes see PUB 4012 Page D TaxSlayer Input If entering multiple transactions on a single line check code M and enter $0.00 if no other adjustments are required

18 Summarizing Multiple Brokerage Transactions Open Pub 4012 Page D-25: Each brokerage statement divides transactions into four categories: Short term transactions with basis reported to the IRS -categorized as Box A Short term transactions with basis not reported to the IRS - categorized as Box B Long term transactions with basis reported to the IRS -categorized as Box D Long term transactions with basis not reported to the IRS -categorized as Box E 35 Summarizing Multiple Brokerage Transactions - Continued Enter Totals from Statement using the alternate date options shown previously Enter the adjustment total from the statement with all applicable adjustment codes 36 18

19 Reporting Multiple Brokerage Transactions Tax-Aide Policy no longer requires that basis not reported information be sent to IRS using Form 8453 Taxpayer should be advised this information could be requested by IRS Scanned information may be attached as a PDF to the return, but it is not required 37 Wash Sales Sale of securities at a loss -ANDpurchase of same securities within 30 days of sale date (before or after) Result is that loss (in part or in whole) is disallowed... until later In scope only if reported on brokerage or mutual fund statement 38 19

20 Wash Sale What happens to disallowed loss in Wash Sale situation? Basis of new shares is increased by amount of prior disallowed loss Brokers/mutual funds do the accounting! 39 Capital Loss Carryovers For TY2017, review 2016 tax return for the schedule computing capital loss carryover available to 2017 If no loss carryover schedule but 1040 line 13 is exactly -3,000, will need to calculate TaxSlayer will carry forward available capital loss carryovers for returning taxpayers next year 40 20

21 Loss Carryovers Use taxpayers prior return Form 1040 Schedule D Input loss carryover(s) in TaxSlayer Other Capital Gains Data input sheet May need to input state loss carryover 41 Carryover Input Navigation: Federal>Income>Capital Gains and Loses>Other Capital Gains Data Enter long and short term loss carryover from Prior year return 42 21

22 Input is Done? TaxSlayer will Determine whether long/short term Calculate gain/loss Carry data to Form 8949 and Schedule D 43 Capital Gain (Loss) Questions Comments