Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada. Section 9: The Great Depression

Transcription

1 Chapter : Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Section 9: The Great Depression

2 Pages that correspond to this presentation The Great Depression: Pages

3 The Great Depression of the 1930 s What was the Great Depression (GD)? A period of time where the world-wide economy suffered Many companies in Canada went bankrupt Many people in Canada lost their jobs increase in unemployment Many people in Canada lost their homes

4 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 When did the GD happen? The GD started on October 24 th, 1929 known as Black Thursday the Stock Exchange in New York City crashed

5 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 How did the GD happen? The Stock Exchange crash in New York City kicked of the GD So how did the Stock Exchange crash? There are several steps that lead to the crash

6 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 How did the GD happen? Step 1: Over production of goods Companies made more products than people needed/wanted Companies were left with unsold products just taking up space in warehouses

7 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 How did the GD happen? Step 2: Slow down of production Companies slowed production down They didn t need as many employees to work in factories Employees were laid off

8 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 How did the GD happen? Step 3: Drop in prices Companies had to lower prices to get rid the products they were not selling Lower prices = less profit Investors were scared they would lose money

9 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 How did the GD happen? Step 4: Value of companies decrease Investors are not confident in companies They try to sell stocks of companies no one wanted to buy them Panic sets in value of companies drop This triggers the stock market crash

10 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 How did the GD happen? Companies are set into a vicious cycle Companies try to regain profitability by laying off more workers to increase profits This is a problem because layoff workers have no money to buy goods companies cannot sell to people with no money This means companies continue to have too many products and no one to sell to This continues until companies go bankrupt

11 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 168

12 The Stock Exchange Crash of 1929 Millions of people across Canada were unemployed The next decade would see hardships for many Canadians and their families Many socio-economic repercussions

13 USA affects the Canadian economy The United States stopped importing Canadian good Canadian businesses loss customers lose profits American businesses slow production do not need as many natural resources from Canada (iron-ore, pulp and paper products, asbestos, etc.) Canada is greatly affected by the American economy during the GD

14 USA affects the Canadian economy Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 169

15 The effects of the GD on the Canadian Population The biggest effect on the Canadian population was the unemployment rate Unemployment rate = percent of the working aged population that does not have a job In 1929 unemployment rate was 3.5 to 4% By 1933 the unemployment rate was 25% 1 out 4 people didn t have a job Job loss people lose their homes

16 The effects of the GD on the Canadian Population Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 170

17 The effects of the GD on the Canadian Population Unemployed men sleeping on park benches in Mount Royal Park Source: McCord Museum Online Collection. <

18 The effects of the GD on the Canadian Population Moving Day? Eviction? For many Canadians, housing was a pressing problem. Relief payments, though they crippled municipal finances, were too low to cover the rent on all but the smallest, filthiest and most rundown apartments. Many of those who were still working partor even full-time could not afford much better. Source: McCord Museum Online Collection. <

19 Charity during the GD At the time of the GD there were almost no government programs to help all of the unemployed in Canada Religious groups and charitable organizations stepped in to help people Soup kitchens (sometimes run by community groups and religious organizations) Free clothing and haircuts Despite aid given by these groups many Canadians were still in need

20 Charity during the GD Unemployed men in Montreal getting free haircuts Source: McCord Museum Online Collection. <

21 Charity during the GD Unemployed men in a church basement soup kitchen around 1930 Source: McCord Museum Online Collection. <

22 Charity during the GD The unemployed waiting to get into the Meurling Refuge 1933 Source: City of Montreal Archives. < The Meurling Refuge was founded in 1914 It served people who were down on their luck Many people depended on places like the Meurling Refuge during the Great Depression

23 Charity during the GD Check-in point for the Meurling Refuge 1933 Source: City of Montreal Archives. <

24 Charity during the GD Laundry area where clothing was sanitized -Meurling Refuge 1933 Source: City of Montreal Archives. <

25 Charity during the GD The unemployed sleeping in the dormitory the Meurling Refuge 1933 Source: City of Montreal Archives. <

26 Charity during the GD Men ready for breakfast at the Meurling Refuge 1933 Source: City of Montreal Archives. <

27 What did the government do to help? What did the government do to help Canadians in need during the GD? Public works projects Work relief camps/projects Direct aid to Canadians

28 What did the government do to help? Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 171

29 What did the government do to help? Public works projects Construction projects that were run by the different governments (federal, provincial or municipal/city) Gave people (usually men) work with low wages Building or repairing bridges, renovating infrastructure, building roads to nowhere (any type of infrastructure)

30 What did the government do to help? Men completing public works projects- burying power lines on Parc Avenue- Montreal 1934 Source: City of Montreal Archives. <

31 What did the government do to help? Men completing public works projects- Construction of the rue St. Hubert Tunnel- Montreal 1934 Source: City of Montreal Archives. <

32 What did the government do to help? Public urinal ( pissoir ) built by public works workers- nicknamed camilliennes after Montreal Mayor Camillien Houde- 1930s Source: City of Montreal Archives. <

33 What did the government do to help? Work relief camps Camps (looked like sleep away camps) that men would travel to Construction projects close to the camps Run by the federal or provincial governments Building or repairing Roads, bridges, highways, etc.

34 What did the government do to help? Relief camp project- men building military barracks- Wagaming, Ontario Source: Archives Canada Online. < , , , , , >

35 What did the government do to help? Men leveling earth to build a road- Amesdale, Ontario Source: Archives Canada Online. < , , , , , >

36 What did the government do to help? Relief camp sleeping hut, near Ottawa, Ontario Source: Archives Canada Online. < , , , , , >

37 What did the government do to help? Direct aid Aid given to citizens by different levels of government Food stamps, coupons, tokens for staple foods like milk and bread Certain coupons could only be used to buy necessities (food, clothing, etc.)

38 What did the government do to help? Source: Fortin, S., Lapointe, D., Lavoie, R. & Parent, A. Reflections.qc.ca.: 1840 to Our Times. Cheneliere Education Page 171

39 Canada s New Deal? The American President, Theodore Roosevelt planned massive projects through the American federal government This was called The New Deal The Canadian Prime Minister Richard Bennett tried to do something similar but was shot down by the provinces The provinces felt Bennett and the federal government were overreaching their responsibilities

40 Canada s New Deal? Construction of the Hoover dam in Nevada, USA The Hoover Dam was a large scale infrastructure project that was built during the GD in the USA The New Deal in the USA was geared towards putting people back to work during the GD Source: U.S. Department of the Interior. <

41 What pulls Canada out of the Great Depression? World War 2 begins in 1939 Canada is implicated from the start Like WW1 Canada produces military equipment for the war effort Due to this production unemployment rates drop

42 Connections to the Precisions of Learning