Proportionate v. Disproportionate Distributions

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1 Distributions In General Current Distributions Liquidating Distributions Money 15-4 Property 15-5 Example Proportionate v. Disproportionate Distributions 4

2 Example 15-1 Partnership Assets Ptr. A Ptr. B Cash $100, ,000 Accts. Rec. $0 100,000 Inventory $40, ,000 Land $60,000 $100,000 Totals $200,000 $400, Sell all Assets and Distribute Cash 5 Ordinary Income* Capital Gain** Jack $80,000 $20,000 Jill $80,000 $20,000 * $160,000 2 = $80,000 ** $40,000 2 = $20,000 6 Liquidating Distribution Jack Jill Beg. O. B. 100, ,000 Income and Gain 100, ,000 Money Distrib. -200, ,000 Remaining O.B. $0 $0 Sec. 731(a) Gain $0 $0 Example 15-2 Jack and Jill Liquidate JJ

3 Example 15-2 Jack and Jill Liquidate JJ 15-6 Partnership Assets Tax Basis FMV Cash To Jack $100, ,000 Accts. Rec. To Jack $0 100,000 Inventory To Jill $40, ,000 Land To Jill $60,000 $100,000 Totals $200,000 $400,000 9 Proportionate Liquidating Distribution Jack Jill Beg. O. B. 100,000 Money -100,000 Accts. Rec. 0 Inventory Land Ending O.B Proportionate Liquidating Distribution Jack Jill Beg. O. B. 100, ,000 Money -100,000 Accts. Rec. 0 Inventory -40,000 Land -60,000 Ending O.B Subsequent Sales of Distributed Assets Ordinary Income Capital Gain Jack $100,000 0 Jill $60,000 $40,000 12

4 Proportionate Current Distributions Proportionate Current Distributions Gain if money distributed exceeds outside basis. Marketable securities are money 15-7 No loss recognition 15-7 The distributee partner s basis in property received is generally the php s inside basis in that property Example 15-3 Distribution of Money

5 Example 15-3 Distribution of Money 15-7 Ptr. A Ptr. B Pre-Distribution 2,000 2,000 Outside Basis Money Distributed -1,500-1,500 End. Outside Basis Disguised Sales And Mixing Bowl Transactions 17 Proportionate Distributions of Money (and marketable securities) 15-8 Example 15-4 Gain on Distribution of Money

6 Example Debt Share Changes Distribution of Marketable Security A net increase in a partner s debt share is a deemed contribution of money. 21 A net decrease in debt share is a deemed distribution of money. Example Example Mary (50% Ptr.) receives $7,500 FMV Property Z (inside basis $4,000). Mary assumes the debt on Prop. Z of $5,000 Net debt increase to Mary of $2,500 Net debt decrease to Larry of $2,500.

7 Impact on Mary Mary Larry Beg. Outside Basis 2,000 2,000 Debt Change +2,500 Impact on Mary Mary Larry Beg. Outside Basis 2,000 2,000 Debt Change +2,500 Property Dist. -$4,000 Remaining O.B. $500 Sec. 731(a) Gain $ Impact on Larry (a stealth distribution) Mary Larry Beg. Outside Basis 2,000 2,000 Debt Change +2,500-2,500 Property Dist. -$4,000 Remaining O.B. $500 $0 Sec. 731(a) Gain $0? 27 Impact on Larry (a stealth distribution) Mary Larry Beg. Outside Basis 2,000 2,000 Debt Change +2,500-2,500 Property Dist. -$4,000 Remaining O.B. $500 $0 Sec. 731(a) Gain $

8 Partnership Level Gain or Loss? None (Absent IRC sec. 751) Basis of Distributed Property General Rule Distributed Property The basis of property distributed by the partnership to a partner is the partnership s inside basis immediately before the distribution; Exception If I.B. > O.B. the distributee s partner s basis in the distributed property is limited to outside basis reduced by any money received in the same transaction.

9 Allocation/ Ordering Rules Allocation/Ordering Rules Reduce outside basis by: 1) Money, including relief of liabilities, and the fair market value of marketable securities. 2) Sec. 751 assets hot assets, and 3) Other assets (cold assets). See IRC sec. 732(c) Example 15-7 Distribution of $90,000 Money and Land with I.B. of $60,000 Ptr. B Beg. Outside Basis 100,000 Money Distributed -90,000 Example 15-7 Distribution of $90,000 Money and Land with I.B. of $60,000 Ptr. B Beg. Outside Basis 100,000 Money Distributed -90,000 Land -10,000 Ending Outside Basis $ B s basis in the land is $10,000 36

10 Example 15-8 Distribution of $101,000 Money and Land with I.B. of $60,000 Ptr. B Beg. Outside Basis 100,000 Money Distributed -101,000 Gain $1,000 Example 15-8 B s basis in the land is Zero Decrease in Distributee Basis with Multiple Assets in the same class First, the decrease is allocated among properties with unrealized depreciation in proportion to their respective amounts of unrealized depreciation Next in proportion to their respective adjusted bases. See Examples 15-9 and 15-10

11 Character and Holding Period of Distributed Property Section 754 Election See Examples and Two Sec. 734 Upward Adjustment Triggers 1) If distributee recognizes Sec. 731(a) gain ) If partnership inside basis of distributed property exceeds the distributee s basis in the property. Sec. 734

12 Example Distribution of Money Ptr. A Ptr. B Beg. Outside Basis 2,000 2,000 Money Distributed -2,500-2,500 Sec. 731(a) Gain With a Sec. 754 Election, the partnership s capital gain property basis is increased by $1,000 ($500 + $500). 45 Example Distribution of $90,000 Money and Land with I.B. of $60,000 Ptr. B Beg. Outside Basis 100,000 Money Distributed -90, Example Distribution of $90,000 Money and Land with I.B. of $60,000 Ptr. B Beg. Outside Basis 100,000 Money Distributed -90,000 Land -10,000 Ending Outside Basis $0 B s basis in the land is $10, Example The inside basis of partnership capital gain property is increased by $50,000. ($60,000 - $10,000) 48

13 If the partnership has no capital gain property, then the Sec. 734 adjustment is carried over until capital gain property is acquired. 49 Example Variation If the distributed property were inventory (same basis and value), then the inside basis of partnership ordinary income assets is increased by $50,000 ($60,000 - $10,000). 50 Increases in Basis of Depreciable Property Increased portion is treated as newly-purchased recovery property placed in service when the distribution occurs. 51 Reporting IRC sec. 734 Adjustments to the IRS

14 Attach a statement to the partnership return for the year of the distribution setting forth the computation of the adjustment and the partnership properties to which the adjustment has been allocated 53 IRC sec. 732(d) Election by Distributee Partner Available when a transferee partner receives a distribution of property (other than money) from the partnership within 2 years after the partnership interest is acquired--by purchase or inheritance. 55 Example When Partner T purchased T s 25% partnership interest, if a Sec. 754 election were in effect, T would have been entitled to an upward Sec. 743(b) adjustment of $500 for Property Z (common I.B. $14,000; FMV $16,000). 56

15 Example Property Z is distributed to T within 2 years of T s purchase. $14,000 common partnership + $500 Sec. 732(d) Adj. $14,500 T s Inside Basis in Z The partnership must provide the transferee with such information as is necessary for the transferee properly to compute the transferee's basis adjustments under Sec. 732(d). Reg. Sec (d)(4) Proportionate Liquidating Distributions Generally similar to current distributions.

16 Unlike current distributions, losses can be recognized in certain proportionate liquidating Losses may be recognized when the partner receives assets consisting of one or more of the following (and no other assets): 1) money, 2) unrealized receivables, or 3) Inventory distributions The recognized loss= The distributee s outside basis in excess of the basis of the distributed property. Example Liquidating Distribution of Money Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $90,000 Sec. 731(a)(2) Cap. Loss? 63 64

17 Example Liquidating Distribution of Money Example Liquidating Distribution Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $90,000 Sec. 731(a)(2) Cap. Loss $10,000 Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Sec. 731(a)(2) Cap. Loss? Example Liquidating Distribution Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Sec. 731(a)(2) Cap. Loss $10,000 Loss not on K-1 67 Unlike current distributions, with a liquidating distribution that includes other cold assets (capital assets or Sec property), excess outside basis is assigned to the cold assets. 68

18 If a Example Current Distribution Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Land (I.B. $400; FMV $1K) $400 Example Liquidating Distribution Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Land (I.B. $400; FMV $1k)? Remaining O.B. $9, Remaining O.B.? 70 Example Liquidating Distribution Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Land (I.B. $400; FMV $1k) $10,000 Example Linda Uses the Vehicle for Personal Use Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Auto (I.B. $400; FMV $1k) $10,000 Remaining O.B. $0 71 Remaining O.B. $0 72

19 Example Detailed Review Example of Proportionate Liquidation AB Partnership has two partners, A and B, who share capital and profits equally. A and B decide to liquidate. Is the distribution proportionate? 73 A is distributed: All of the land worth $400,000, ½ of the U/R, and ½ of the inventory B is distributed: All of the cash of $400,000 ½ of the U/R, and ½ of the inventory Basis Increases To Distributed Multiple Cold Assets (unique to liquidations)

20 15-29 First, the increase is allocated among cold assets with unrealized appreciation in proportion to their respective amounts of unrealized appreciation Next in proportion to their respective fair market values (FMV). See Example Ordinary Loss on Abandonment of a Partnership Interest Section 754 Election with Liquidating Distribution Same Two Sec. 734 Upward Adjustments as Current Distributions

21 Two Sec. 734 Upward Adjustment Triggers 1) If distributee recognizes Sec. 731(a) gain ) If partnership inside basis of distributed property exceeds the distributee s basis in the property. Sec. 734 Example Liquidating Distribution Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Sec. 731(a)(2) Cap. Loss $10,000 Two Sec. 734 Downward Adjustment Triggers 1) If distributee recognizes Sec. 731(a) loss ) If the distributee partner s basis in the property (cold assets) exceeds the partnership s inside basis of distributed property. S 734 Example Liquidating Distribution Ptr. Linda Beg. Outside Basis $100,000 Money Distributed $20,000 Inventory (I.B. $70,000) $70,000 Land (I.B. $400; FMV $1k) $10,000 With a Sec. 754 Election, the partnership s capital gain prop. basis is reduced by $10, Remaining O.B. $0 84

22 Example With a Sec. 754 election, the partnership s capital gain property basis is reduced by $9,600. Decreases in Basis of Depreciable Property Decreased portion must be accounted for over the remaining recovery period of the property Mandatory Sec. 734(b) Adjustments if a Substantial Basis Reduction (2004 Act) Substantial Basis Reduction A downward adjustment of more than $250,000 that would be made to the basis of partnership assets if a Sec. 754 election were in effect. 88

23 15-33 Notice Partnership Reporting Obligation (Notice ) comply with the reporting requirements of Reg. Sec (d) as if an election under Sec. 754 were in effect Example Example Mandatory Downward Adjustment 91 92

24 Tax Basis FMV Outside Assets: January 2011 In Millions Basis Cash $0 Blackacre $3.0 Whiteacre $7.0 Total Assets $10.0 Liabilities: $0 Capital: A $2.5 $2.5 B $2.5 $2.5 C $5.0 $5.0 Debt + Equity $ Tax Basis FMV Outside Assets: January 2011 In Millions Basis Cash $0 $0 Blackacre $3.0 $1.0 Whiteacre $7.0 $1.0 Total Assets $10.0 $2.0 Liabilities: $0 $0 Capital: A $2.5 $.5 $2.5 B $2.5 $.5 $2.5 C $5.0 $1.0 $5.0 Debt + Equity $10.0 $ Example Blackacre (I.B. = $3 mil.) is distributed to C in liquidation of C s Interest. C s basis in Blackacre is $5 million (C s O.B.) Mandatory Sec. 734 Adj. = <$2 million> ($5 - $3) to Whiteacre. 95 Example Variation If Blackacre is land held for sale (inventory), then C would claim a Sec. 731(a) capital loss of $2 million. Mandatory $2 million downward Sec. 734 adjustment to Partnership capital gain property. 96

25 Example Example Mandatory Downward Adjustment Tax Basis FMV Outside Assets: January 2011 In Millions Basis Cash $2.0 Blackacre $4.0 Whiteacre $4.0 Total Assets $10.0 Liabilities: $0 Capital: A $2.5 $2.5 B $2.5 $2.5 C $5.0 $5.0 Debt + Equity $ Tax Basis FMV Outside Assets: January 2011 In Millions Basis Cash $2.0 $2.0 Blackacre $4.0 $1.0 Whiteacre $4.0 $1.0 Total Assets $10.0 $4.0 Liabilities: $0 $0 Capital: A $2.5 $1.0 $2.5 B $2.5 $1.0 $2.5 C $5.0 $2.0 $5.0 Debt + Equity $10.0 $

26 Example $2 million cash is distributed to C in liquidation of C s Interest. C recognizes a $3 million capital loss. Mandatory Sec. 734 Adj. = <$3 million> allocated 50/50 to Blackacre and Whiteacre 101 Sec. 732(d) Election With Proportionate Liquidating Distributions See Example

27 Liquidating Payments That Trigger Section 736(a) Sec. 736 Liquidating Payments Sec. 736 divides all such liquidating payments into two categories: 1) Payments in exchange for the FMV of php. property--sec. 736(b). 2) Payments in excess of FMV of php. property--sec. 736(a). Distributive Share Guaranteed Payment 2 Special Rule for Service Phps Amounts paid for Unstated Goodwill, and Unrealized Receivables are treated as NOT made in exchange for an interest in partnership property

28 Example Service Partnership ABC Partnership ABC Partnership January 1, 2005 Partner's Basis FMV Outside Cash $ 26,000 $ 26,000 Basis Accounts Receivable $ - $ 26,000 Total Assets $ 26,000 $ 52,000 Agnes (50%) $ 13,000 $ 26,000 $ 13,000 Bob (25%) $ 6,500 $ 13,000 $ 6,500 Cao (25%) $ 6,500 $ 13,000 $ 6,500 Total Equity $ 26,000 $ 52,000 Distibute $26,000 cash to Agnes in liquidation 5 6 Example Service Partnership ABC Partnership ABC Partnership January 1, 2005 Partner's Basis FMV Outside Cash $ 26,000 $ 26,000 Basis Accounts Receivable $ - $ 26,000 Total Assets $ 26,000 $ 52,000 Agnes (50%) $ 13,000 $ 26,000 $ 13,000 Bob (25%) $ 6,500 $ 13,000 $ 6,500 Cao (25%) $ 6,500 $ 13,000 $ 6,500 Total Equity $ 26,000 $ 52,000 Bob is liquidated for $20,000 cash. 7 8

29 Tax Consequences to Bob: $13,500 ordinary income per IRC sec. 736(a) (for the U/R) Continuing Partners: Deduction of $13,500 as a guaranteed payment 9 Perspective of Continuing Partners in a Service Partnership. Sec. 736(a) payments are desirable so unstated goodwill and unrealized receivables are desirable 10 Perspective of Retired Partner (or Successor of Deceased Partner) Sec. 736(a) payments are undesirable so unstated goodwill and unrealized receivables are undesirable Example Service Partnership Bob is liquidated for $20,000 cash but Bob s share of goodwill is stated at $7,

30 ABC Prof. Service Partnership Basis FMV Cash $26,000 $26,000 Accounts Rec. $0 $26,000 Stated Goodwill $0 $28,000 Total Assets $26,000 $80,000 Partner s Outside Basis Agnes (50%) $13,000 $40,000 $13,000 Bob (25%) $ 6,500 $20,000 $ 6,500 Cao (25%) $ $20,000 $ 6,500 Total Debt + $26,000 $80,000 Capital Summary of Tax Consequences to Bob: $6,500 ordinary income per IRC sec. 736(a) (for the U/R) $7,000 of capital gain per IRC sec. 731(a)

31 Distribution versus Sale and Buy/Sell Language Self-Employment Tax Exception for Payments--for Life--to Retired Partners. See PLR Allocation of Installment Payments Between Sec. 736(a) and (b)

32 The Sec. 736 regulations were last updated in 1965 and thus do not include the 1993 Act changes which limit the applicability of Sec 736(b)(2) to service partnerships. Example Partner A (service partner) retires. Partner A receives payments totaling $30,000: $ 9,000 Year 1 (+ $1,000 of debt relief) $10,000 Year 2 $10,000 Year 3 No stated goodwill 22 Tax Basis FMV Outside Assets: Basis Cash $13,000 $13,000 Unrealized Rec. $0 $30,000 Cap. & 1231 $20,000 $23,000 Total Assets $33,000 $66,000 Liabilities: $3,000 $3,000 Capital: A $10,000 $21,000 $11,000 B $10,000 $21,000 $11,000 C $10,000 $21,000 $11,000 Debt + Equity $33,000 $66, Hypothetical If all $30,000 were paid in Year 1: (40%) (60%) 12, (b) Pyt for Property (A s Cap. Gain = $1,000) 18, (a)(2) Guaranteed Pyt (ordinary income) 24

33 Unless Agreed Otherwise Unless Agreed Otherwise 736(b) 736(a)(2) 736(b) 736(a)(2) Yr Pyt. Tax Free 731 Guart. O.B. Gain Pyt. 1 $10,000 4, ,000 Yr Pyt. Tax Free O.B. 731 Gain Guart. Pyt. 1 $10,000 4, ,000 2 $10,000 4, , Unless Agreed Otherwise Ptr A Option 736(b) 736(a)(2) 736(b) 736(a)(2) Yr Pyt. Tax Free O.B. 731 Gain Guart. Pyt. 1 $10,000 4, ,000 2 $10,000 4, ,000 3 $10,000 3,000 1,000 6,000 How reported on Form 1065 K-1? 27 Yr Pyt. Tax Free O.B. 731 Gain Guart. Pyt. 1 $10,000 3, ,000 2 $10,000 3, ,000 3 $10,000 3, ,000 28

34 Example Unless Agreed Otherwise Same as Example except the agreement provides for payments equal to a percentage of annual income (b) 736(a)(1) Yr Pyt. Tax Free 731 Dist. O.B. Gain Share 1 $10,000 10, Unless Agreed Otherwise Unless Agreed Otherwise 736(b) 736(a)(1) 736(b) 736(a)(1) Yr Pyt. Tax Free O.B. 731 Gain Dist. Share 1 $10,000 10, $10,000 1,000 1,000 8, Yr Pyt. Tax Free O.B. 731 Gain Dist. Share 1 $10,000 10, $10,000 1,000 1,000 8,000 3 $10, ,000 How reported on Form 1065 K-1? 32

35 Example Same as Example except the partnership has stated goodwill of $9,000 (A s share = $3,000) Tax Basis FMV Outside Assets: Basis Cash $13,000 $13,000 Unrealized Rec. $0 $30,000 Cap. & 1231 $20,000 $23,000 St. Goodwill $0 $9,000 Total Assets $33,000 $75,000 Liabilities: $3,000 $3,000 Capital: A $10,000 $24,000 $11,000 B $10,000 $24,000 $11,000 C $10,000 $24,000 $11,000 Debt + Equity $33,000 $75, If all $30,000 were paid in Year 1: (50%) (50%) 15, (b) Pyt for Property (A s Gain = $4,000) 15, (a)(2) Guaranteed Pyt (ordinary income) Unless Agreed Otherwise 736(b) 736(a)(2) Yr Pyt. Tax Free 731 Guart. O.B. Gain Pyt. 1 $10,000 5, ,

36 Unless Agreed Otherwise Unless Agreed Otherwise 736(b) 736(a)(2) 736(b) 736(a)(2) Yr Pyt. Tax Free O.B. 731 Gain Guart. Pyt. 1 $10,000 5, ,000 2 $10,000 5, ,000 Yr Pyt. Tax Free O.B. 731 Gain Guart. Pyt. 1 $10,000 5, ,000 2 $10,000 5, ,000 3 $10,000 1,000 4,000 5,

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