Blockchain als Treiber des Internet der Dinge Ideen aus dem Bosch IoT Lab

Transcription

1 Blockchain als Treiber des Internet der Dinge Ideen aus dem Bosch IoT Lab VW AutoUni 26. Oktober 2017 Prof. Dr. Markus Weinberger Hochschule Aalen Studiengang Internet der Dinge Blockchain als Treiber des Internet der Dinge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Weinberger

2 Agenda Introduction Bosch IoT Lab What is IoT? Blockchain And its Properties Examples Blockchain Applications in IoT 2

3 Bosch IoT Lab 2012 until 2016 Setting Motivation Support Bosch with an Innovation Lab, Creative Leeway in an Industrial Environment Generate Product Ideas & Business Models in real-world Pilot Projects Establish Bosch Brand and support Image as an Innovator for IoT University of St. Gallen and ETH Zürich Founded Sept Management by Bosch Employee and Scientific Lead by Senior Researcher (HSG) Collaboration between Bosch, University of St. Gallen and ETH Zurich 3

4 Bosch IoT Lab 2012 until 2016 Topics A Smart Living & Working B Smart Mobility C IoT Transformation Smart Living Start-Up Comfy Connected Car Connected Car Sustainable Driving Accident Prevention Connected Car Deep Driver Analytics Car Pass on Blockchain IoT Business Models Blockchain and IoT 4

5 Target of the Study Program Aalen University As the first curriculum specifically dedicated to Internet of Things in Germany, we aim at educating future engineers to holistically understand IoT applications, including aspects like the user s needs, technology from sensors to cloud backends and apps as well as business implications. 5

6 Curriculum Internet of Things First Study Programs dedicated to Internet of Things in Germany Bachelor of Engineering Bachelor of Arts Joint Location Schwäbisch Gmünd Joint Lectures Joint Projects and Group Work 6

7 What is the Internet of Things? 7

8 Digitalization and Internet of Things Internet of Things Smart Home Smart City Connected Mobility Industry 4.0 E-Commerce E-Banking Music and video streaming Digitalization 8

9 Connecting Things Commercial Aircraft are Connected since the late 1970s ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) Example Message: 9

10 What is Internet of Things? Sensors, Microprocessors, Radio Modules Vision The basic idea of the IoT is that virtually every physical thing in this world can also become a computer that is connected to the Internet (ITU, 2005). E. Fleisch,

11 Smart Products 11

12 Smart Products 12

13 Bosch Lab Beispiel - Meep Partnership with TCS ~ 70 service vehicles connected ~ 700 GB of data from ~ km collected Analyzed for dangerous events Clustering of events to find danger hot spots Warning App for users 13

14 IoT as a Network of Autonomously Acting Things 14

15 And now the Blockchain 15

16 Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc. 50 bn USD Bitcoin Market Capitalization Jan 09 Jul

17 Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc. 100 bn USD Bitcoin Market Capitalization Bitcoin Market Capitalization Jan 09 Sept

18 Traditional Payment System Alice Bob Bank Pay 10 EUR to Bob You received 10 EUR Trusted central authority needed Access to the system bank account - needed Transaction fees Transaction 1 From: Alice To: Bob Amount: 10 EUR Message: Hi Bob here s the money. 18

19 Bitcoin Blockchain Alice How to avoid double spending? Transaction 1 (Tx1) From: Alice To: Bob Amount: 1 BTC Message: Hi Bob here s the money. Condition: Only pay, if Bob shows his key. Network of independent nodes You received 1 BTC Bob Block 357 Tx1, Tx2, Tx3, 19

20 Bitcoin Blockchain Alice How to avoid double spending? Block 355 Block 356 Transaction 1 (Tx1) From: Alice To: Bob Amount: 1 BTC Message: Hi Bob here s the money. Condition: Only pay, if Bob shows his key. Hash of Block zuh2.. Block 357 Hash of Block 356 Tx1, Tx2, Tx3, Nonce: r4h Network of independent nodes Hash of Block f3rx1 Computing Power required You received 1 BTC Bob Cryptographic Hash Function A hash algorithm turns an arbitrarily-large amount of data into a fixed-length hash. The same hash will always result from the same data, but modifying the data by even one bit will completely change the hash. Input Nonce1 Nonce16 Hash 5E5A104BF651C46A580E6D9B067FF4D11 8FFF416B76F28E100FCA42F8C4A5C0E 0C1ED029B0306C19B3B955F92978F D62D7CBCE9028A9AA1A4DF

21 Key Features of Blockchain Technology and Related Crypto Currencies (Micro)-Payments Low transaction fees Distributed, Immutable, Public Ledger All Transactions (with Message etc.) stored in Blockchain Programmability Condition can be very flexible Security Infrastructure Bob needs his key Permissionless - Neutrality to Things, Persons, Legal Entities There is no authority for registration 22

22 Combining IoT and Blockchain 23

23 IoT Blockchain Example - Filament Filament (2015) provides wireless sensor networks for the (industrial) IoT, e.g. for smart cities or smart agriculture use case. [ ] Filament is one of the first companies that develop a fully decentralized IoT infrastructure, which encompasses three blockchain-related aspects: (1) Each device is registered on the blockchain providing a verifiable and immutable identity. [ ] (2) Each device is governed by a smart contract, which manages agreements of device control/ownership, data access and financial agreements concerning the device. [ ] (3) Furthermore, each device is able to transfer value in form of bitcoins to other devices in order to get access to data or request some service. Wörner, D., Von Bomhard, T., Schreier, Y.P., Bilgeri, D., The Bitcoin Ecosystem: Disruption Beyond Financial Services?, ECIS

24 IoT Blockchain fictitious Example Parking Sensor Potentially Blockchain Enabled Parking Data Repair, Battery 25

25 IoT Blockchain Example Anti Odometer Fraud Odometer fraud leads to annual loss of 6 billion in Germany [1] Odometer data is written to the blockchain in regular intervals An immutable history is recorded 1: TÜV Rheinland study (2015), 26

26 Issues 29

27 Issues with Blockchain (Bitcoin Numbers) Constant block time Bitcoin ~ 10 Min. Block 357 Hash of Block 356 Tx1, Tx2, Tx3, Nonce: r4h Limited number of transactions per block Bitcoin: max. ~

28 Scalability No. of Transactions waiting to be confirmed ~ 7 transactions per second ~ transactions per second peak 31

29 Transaction Cost 32

30 Hope Lightning Network Addition to Bitcoin Additional transactions offchain Much faster, much cheaper LiteCoin Block time: ~ 2,5 Minutes Based on Bitcoin with Lightning Network Much smaller ecosystem than Bitcoin IOTA Different technology: Tangle No blocks, no miners, no fees Hardly applied To some extent intransparent 33

31 Wrap-up 34

32 Thank You Prof. Dr. Markus Weinberger Hochschule Aalen Studiengang Internet der Dinge Find the Bosch IoT Lab Blockchain als Treiber des Internet der Dinge Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Weinberger