P7 Financial Accounting and Tax Principles

Transcription

1 Financial Management Pillar Managerial Level Paper P7 Financial Accounting and Tax Principles 21 May 2009 Thursday Afternoon Session Instructions to candidates You are allowed three hours to answer this question paper. You are allowed 20 minutes reading time before the examination begins during which you should read the question paper and, if you wish, highlight and/or make notes on the question paper. However, you will not be allowed, under any circumstances, to open the answer book and start writing or use your calculator during this reading time. You are strongly advised to carefully read ALL the question requirements before attempting the question concerned (that is all parts and/or subquestions). The requirements for the questions in Sections B and C are highlighted in a dotted box. ALL answers must be written in the answer book. Answers or notes written on the question paper will not be submitted for marking. Answer the ONE compulsory question in Section A. This has 16 subquestions on pages 2 to 7. Answer the SIX compulsory sub-questions in Section B on pages 8 to 11. Answer the ONE compulsory question in Section C on pages 12 to 15. Page 15 is detachable for ease of reference. Maths Tables and Formulae are provided on pages 17 to 19. These pages are detachable for ease of reference. The list of verbs as published in the syllabus is given for reference on the inside back cover of this question paper. Write your candidate number, the paper number and examination subject title in the spaces provided on the front of the answer book. Also write your contact ID and name in the space provided in the right hand margin and seal to close. Tick the appropriate boxes on the front of the answer book to indicate which questions you have answered. P7 Financial Accounting and Tax Principles TURN OVER The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants 2009

2 SECTION A 40 MARKS [the indicative time for answering this Section is 72 minutes] ANSWER ALL SIXTEEN SUB-QUESTIONS Instructions for answering Section A: The answers to the sixteen sub-questions in Section A must ALL be written in your answer book. Your answers should be clearly numbered with the sub-question number and then ruled off, so that the markers know which sub-question you are answering. For multiple choice questions, you need only write the sub-question number and the letter of the answer option you have chosen. You do not need to start a new page for each sub-question. For sub-questions 1.11, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15 and 1.16 you should show your workings as marks are available for the method you use to answer these sub-questions. Question One 1.1 State the TWO underlying assumptions outlined in the International Accounting Standard Board s (IASB) Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. 1.2 Which ONE of the following gives the true meaning of treasury shares? A B C Shares owned by a country s Treasury An entity s own shares purchased by the entity and still held at the period end An entity s own shares purchased by the entity and resold before the period end at a gain D An entity s own shares purchased by the entity and cancelled May P7

3 1.3 The following details are relevant: HC carries out its main business activities in Country A; HC is incorporated in Country B; HC s senior management exercise control from Country C, but there are no sales or purchases made in Country C; HC raises its finance and is quoted on the stock exchange in Country D. Assume Countries A, B, C and D have all signed double taxation treaties with each other, based on the OECD model tax convention. Which country will HC be deemed to be resident in for tax purposes? A B C D Country A Country B Country C Country D 1.4 Which ONE of the following would be regarded as a change of accounting estimate according to IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors? A B C D An entity started capitalising borrowing costs for assets as required by IAS 23 Borrowing costs. Borrowing costs had previously been charged to the income statement. An entity started revaluing its properties, as allowed by IAS 16 Property, plant and equipment. Previously all property, plant and equipment had been carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. A material error in the inventory valuation methods caused the closing inventory at 31 March 2008 to be overstated by $900,000. An entity created a provision for claims under its warranty of products sold during the year. 5% of sales revenue had previously been set as the required provision amount. After an analysis of three years sales and warranty claims the calculation of the provision amount has been changed to a more realistic 2% of sales. Section A continues on the next page TURN OVER P7 3 May 2009

4 1.5 Which ONE of the following material items would be classified as a non-adjusting event in HL s financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2008 according to IAS 10 Events after the reporting period? HL s financial statements were approved for publication on 8 April A B C D On 1 March 2009, HL s auditors discovered that, due to an error during the count, the closing inventory had been undervalued by $250,000. Lightning struck one of HL s production facilities on 31 January 2009 and caused a serious fire. The fire destroyed half of the factory and its machinery. Output was severely reduced for six months. One of HL s customers commenced court action against HL on 1 December At 31 December 2008, HL did not know whether the case would go against it or not. On 1 March 2009, the court found against HL and awarded damages of $150,000 to the customer. On 15 March 2009, HL was advised by the liquidator of one of its customers that it was very unlikely to receive any payments for the balance of $300,000 that was outstanding at 31 December Which ONE of the following is NOT an advantage for the tax authority of deduction of tax at source? A B C D The total amount of tax due for the period is easier to calculate Tax is collected earlier Administration costs are borne by the entity deducting tax Tax is deducted before income is paid to the taxpayer 1.7 HN purchases products from a foreign country. The products cost $14 each and are subject to excise duty of $3 per item and VAT at 15%. If HN imports 1,000 items, how much does it pay to the tax authorities for this transaction? A $2,100 B $5,100 C $5,550 D $19,550 May P7

5 1.8 Which ONE of the following would NOT normally be treated as a related party of HJ in accordance with IAS 24 Related party disclosures? A B C D XX, HJ s largest customer, accounts for 75% of HJ s turnover HJ2, a subsidiary of HJ, that does not trade with HJ HJA, an associate of HJ A shareholder of HJ, holding 25% of HJ s equity shares 1.9 Which of the following are required by IFRS 8 Operating segments to be disclosed in an entity s financial statements, if they are included in the measure of segment profit or loss to be reported to the chief operating decision maker? (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Revenues from transactions with other operating segments within the entity Cost of sales Amortisation Income tax expense Administrative expenses and distribution costs A B C D (i), (ii) and (v) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (ii), (iii) and (v) (i), (iii) and (iv) 1.10 In no more than 25 words, state the objective of an external audit HP entered into an operating lease for a machine on 1 May 2007 with the following terms: five years non-cancellable lease; 12 months rent free period from commencement; rent of $12,000 per annum payable at $1,000 a month from month 13 onwards; machine useful life 15 years. Calculate the amount that should be charged to HP s income statement in respect of the lease, for each of the years ended 30 April 2008 and 30 April (3 marks) Section A continues on the next page TURN OVER P7 5 May 2009

6 1.12 HD sells office stationery and adds a sales tax to the selling price of all products sold. A customer purchasing goods from HD has to pay the cost of the goods plus the sales tax. HD pays the sales tax collected to the tax authorities. From the perspective of HD the sales tax would be said to have A B C D formal incidence. effective incidence. informal incidence. ineffective incidence A trainee management accountant is preparing HY s cash budget for the next financial period. She has obtained the following information: Balances Actual 30 April 2009 Forecast 31 October 2009 $000 $000 Trade receivables Trade payables Closing inventory Production budget has included $331,000 for cost of raw materials to be used during the six month period to 31 October Calculate the forecast cash required to pay suppliers for the six month period ending 31 October (4 marks) 1.14 HW puts $50,000 into a bank deposit account on 31 October The account pays interest every six months, at a rate of 2% for every six month period. Assume that HW reinvests all interest. Calculate how much HW will have in its bank deposit account at 30 April 2009 (to nearest $) (ignore tax). (3 marks) 1.15 HF purchased an asset on 1 April 2007 for $220,000. HF claimed a first year tax allowance of 30% and then an annual 20% writing down allowance, using the reducing balance method. HF depreciates the asset over eight years using straight line depreciation, assuming no residual value. On 1 April 2008, HF revalued the asset and increased the net book value by $50,000. The asset s useful life was not affected. Assume there are no other temporary differences in the period and a tax rate of 25% per annum. Calculate the amount of deferred tax movement in the year ended 31 March 2009 and the deferred tax balance at 31 March 2009, in accordance with IAS 12 Income taxes. (4 marks) May P7

7 1.16 HA, a retailing entity, has annual sales of $48 million. HA earns a constant margin of 25% on sales. All sales and purchases are on credit and are evenly distributed throughout the year. The following values are kept at a constant level throughout the year: Trade receivables $12 million Trade payables $8 million If HA s working capital cycle is 57 days, what is its inventory turnover, to the nearest number of days? (4 marks) Total for Question One = 40 marks Reminder All answers to Section A must be written in your answer book. Answers to Section A written on the question paper will not be submitted for marking. End of Section A TURN OVER P7 7 May 2009

8 SECTION B 30 MARKS [indicative time for answering this Section is 54 minutes] ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Question Two (a) Governments use a range of specific excise duties as well as general sales taxes on goods. Required: (i) (ii) Explain the reasons why a government might apply a specific excise duty to a category of goods. (3 marks) Explain the difference between a single stage and a multi-stage sales tax. (Total for Question Two (a) = 5 marks) (b) Selected balances in HF s financial records at 30 April 2009 were as follows: $000 Revenue 15,000 Profit 1,500 Property, plant and equipment net book value 23,000 Inventory 1,500 After completing the required audit work the external auditors of HF had the following observations: (1) Inventory with a book value of $500 is obsolete and should be written off. (2) Development expenditure net book value of $600,000, relating to the development of a new product line, has been capitalised and amortised in previous years but the project has now been abandoned. (3) Decommissioning costs relating to HF s production facilities, estimated to be $5,000,000 in 17 years time is being provided for, over 20 years, at $250,000 a year. Assume there are no other material matters outstanding. As external auditor you have just completed a meeting with HF management. At the meeting HF management decided the following: Item (1) is not material, so it is not necessary to write off the obsolete inventory. Item (2) the development expenditure should be written off against current year profits. Item (3) the decommissioning cost will continue to be provided for over 20 years. The requirements for Question Two (b) are on the opposite page May P7

9 Required: (i) (ii) Explain whether or not the management s decisions taken in the meeting are correct for items (1) and (2). Explain whether you agree with the management s treatment of the decommissioning costs in item (3) and explain the type of audit report that should be issued, giving your reasons. (3 marks) (Total for Question Two (b) = 5 marks) (c) HX is suffering from a constantly increasing level of outstanding balances on trade receivables. The outstanding balance has doubled in 12 months. HX s customers all pay by cheque. HX is considering offering a discount to its customers in an effort to improve cash flow and reduce the trade receivables outstanding balance. HX normally offers 30 day payment terms, but its customers take an average of 60 days to pay. To improve its cash flow HX is considering offering a 2 5% discount for payment within 14 days. Required: (i) (ii) Calculate the effective interest rate of the 2 5% discount offered to its customers by HX for early payment. Assume a 365 day year. (3 marks) Identify other methods that HX could use to reduce its level of outstanding trade receivables. (Total for Question Two (c) = 5 marks) Section B continues on the next page TURN OVER P7 9 May 2009

10 (d) HS, a contractor, signed a two year fixed price contract on 31 March 2008 for $300,000 to build a bridge. Total costs were originally estimated at $240,000. At 31 March 2009, HS extracted the following figures from its financial records: $000 Contract value 300 Costs incurred to date 170 Estimated costs to complete 100 Progress payments received 130 Value of work completed 165 HS calculates the stage of completion of contracts using the value of work completed as a proportion of total contract value. Required: Calculate the following amounts for the contract that should be shown in HS s financial statements: Income statement: o Revenue recognised for the year ended 31 March 2009; o Profit recognised for the year ended 31 March Balance sheet: o Gross amount due to/from the customer at 31 March 2009, stating whether it is an asset or liability. (Total for Question Two (d) = 5 marks) (e) HL has been trading profitably, but has recently been accused of overtrading. Required: (i) (ii) Define the meaning of overtrading, and explain what is likely to happen if HL is overtrading. (3 marks) Identify actions that HL could take to correct the problems of overtrading. (Total for Question Two (e) = 5 marks) May P7

11 (f) Bills of exchange are sometimes used for export transactions. A bill of exchange with a face value of $1,000 has 91 days to maturity. The discount yield required by an investor, HG, is 7%. Assume a 365 day year. Required: (i) Identify THREE ways in which an accepted bill of exchange can be used by the holder. (3 marks) (ii) Calculate the maximum price HG should be willing to pay for the bill. (Total for Question Two (f) = 5 marks) (Total for Section B = 30 marks) End of Section B TURN OVER P7 11 May 2009

12 SECTION C 30 MARKS [indicative time for answering this Section is 54 minutes] ANSWER THIS QUESTION. YOU SHOULD SHOW YOUR WORKINGS AS MARKS ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE METHOD YOU USE Question Three The accountant of HZ started preparing the financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2009, but was suddenly taken ill. The draft financial statements for HZ for the year ended 31 March 2009 are given below: HZ Balance Sheets at 31 March 2009 (draft) 31 March 2008 (final) $000 $000 $000 $000 Assets Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment 5,854 6,250 Goodwill Other intangible assets 198 6, ,770 Current assets Inventories Trade receivables Cash and cash equivalents ,531 1,595 Total assets 8,800 8,365 Equity and liabilities Equity share capital 2,873 2,470 Share premium account Revaluation reserve Retained earnings 1,623 1,840 Total equity 5,790 5,240 Non-current liabilities 10% loan notes - 1,250 5% loan notes Deferred tax Total non-current liabilities 1,012 2,200 Current liabilities Trade payables Income tax Suspense account 1,000 - Provision Accrued interest Total current liabilities 1, Total equity and liabilities 8,800 8,365 May P7

13 Income Statement for the year ended 31 March 2009 (draft) $000 Revenue 9,750 Cost of sales (5,200) Gross profit 4,550 Distribution costs (1,195) Administrative expenses (2,990) Profit from operations 365 Finance costs (60) Profit before tax 305 Income tax expense (182) Profit for the period 123 Additional information: i. Non-current tangible assets include properties which were revalued upwards during the year. ii. Non-current tangible assets disposed of in the year had a net book value of $98,000; cash received on their disposal was $128,000. Any gain or loss on disposal has been included under cost of sales. iii. iv. During the year goodwill became impaired. The impairment was charged to cost of sales. Depreciation charged for the year was $940,000, included in cost of sales. v. On 1 April 2008, HZ issued 806,000 $0 50 equity shares at a premium of 50%. vi. vii. viii. ix. On 1 April 2008, HZ issued 1,000,000 5% cumulative $1 preferred shares at par, redeemable at 10% premium on 1 April Issue costs of $70,000 have been paid and included in administrative expenses. The constant annual rate of interest is 6 72%. The cash received for the issue of the preferred shares has been debited to cash and credited to suspense. The other intangible assets relate to research and development expenditure. Development expenditure of $170,000 was incurred and paid in the year ended 31 March 2007; the remaining expenditure was incurred in the year ended At 31 March 2008, the expenditure met the IAS 38 criteria for deferral. When development expenditure was assessed at 31 March 2009, it was clear that the expenditure incurred in 2006/07 no longer met the IAS 38 criteria, but the expenditure incurred in 2008/09 did still meet the requirements. No action has yet been taken to write off any development expenditure. On 1 May 2008, HZ purchased and cancelled all its 10% loan notes at par plus accrued interest (included in finance costs). Ordinary dividends paid during the year were $290,000 and preferred share dividends paid were $50,000. x. HZ has been advised that it is probably going to lose a court case and has provided $120,000 for the estimated cost of this case. This is included in administrative expenses. The requirement for Question Three is on page 15, which is detachable for ease of reference P7 13 May 2009

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15 Required: (a) (b) (c) Explain the accounting adjustments required by HZ to clear the balance on the suspense account at 31 March 2009 and calculate a revised profit before tax for the year ended 31 March (Note a detailed income statement is NOT required) (5 marks) Prepare a cash flow statement, using the indirect method, for HZ for the year ended 31 March 2009, in accordance with IAS 7 Cash Flow Statements. (20 marks) Prepare HZ s statement of changes in equity for the year to 31 March 2009, in a form suitable for presentation to the shareholders and in accordance with the requirements of International Accounting Standards. (5 marks) Notes to the financial statements are not required, but all workings must be clearly shown. Do NOT prepare a statement of accounting policies. (Total for Question Three = 30 marks) (Total for Section C = 30 marks) End of Question Paper Maths Tables and Formulae are on pages TURN OVER P7 15 May 2009

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17 MATHS TABLES AND FORMULAE Present value table Present value of $1, that is (1 + r) -n where r = interest rate; n = number of periods until payment or receipt. Periods Interest rates (r) (n) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% Periods Interest rates (r) (n) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% P7 17 May 2009

18 Cumulative present value of $1 per annum Receivable or Payable at the end of each year for n years n 1 (1+ r ) r Periods Interest rates (r) (n) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% Periods Interest rates (r) (n) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% May P7

19 FORMULAE Valuation models (i) Future value of S, of a sum X, invested for n periods, compounded at r% interest: S = X[1 + r] n (ii) (iii) Present value of $1 payable or receivable in n years, discounted at r% per annum: PV = 1 [1 + Present value of an annuity of $1 per annum, receivable or payable for n years, commencing in one year, discounted at r% per annum: PV = n r ] n r [1 + r ] (iv) Present value of $1 per annum, payable or receivable in perpetuity, commencing in one year, discounted at r% per annum: PV = 1 r (v) Present value of $1 per annum, receivable or payable, commencing in one year, growing in perpetuity at a constant rate of g% per annum, discounted at r% per annum: PV = 1 r g Inventory management (i) Economic Order Quantity EOQ = where: C o = cost of placing an order 2C D C h = cost of holding one unit in Inventory for one year D = annual demand C o h Cash management (i) Optimal sale of securities, Baumol model: Optimal sale = 2 x Annual cash disbursements x Cost per sale of securities interest rate (ii) Spread between upper and lower cash balance limits, Miller-Orr model: Spread = 3 3 x transaction cost x variance of cash flows 4 interest rate 1 3 P7 19 May 2009

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23 LIST OF VERBS USED IN THE QUESTION REQUIREMENTS A list of the learning objectives and verbs that appear in the syllabus and in the question requirements for each question in this paper. It is important that you answer the question according to the definition of the verb. LEARNING OBJECTIVE VERBS USED DEFINITION 1 KNOWLEDGE What you are expected to know. List Make a list of State Express, fully or clearly, the details of/facts of Define Give the exact meaning of 2 COMPREHENSION What you are expected to understand. Describe Communicate the key features Distinguish Highlight the differences between Explain Make clear or intelligible/state the meaning of Identify Recognise, establish or select after consideration Illustrate Use an example to describe or explain something 3 APPLICATION How you are expected to apply your knowledge. 4 ANALYSIS How are you expected to analyse the detail of what you have learned. 5 EVALUATION How are you expected to use your learning to evaluate, make decisions or recommendations. Apply Calculate/compute Demonstrate Prepare Reconcile Solve Tabulate Analyse Categorise Compare and contrast Construct Discuss Interpret Produce Advise Evaluate Recommend To put to practical use To ascertain or reckon mathematically To prove with certainty or to exhibit by practical means To make or get ready for use To make or prove consistent/compatible Find an answer to Arrange in a table Examine in detail the structure of Place into a defined class or division Show the similarities and/or differences between To build up or compile To examine in detail by argument To translate into intelligible or familiar terms To create or bring into existence To counsel, inform or notify To appraise or assess the value of To advise on a course of action P7 23 May 2009

24 Financial Management Pillar Managerial Level P7 Financial Accounting and Tax Principles May 2009 Thursday Afternoon Session May P7