Chapter 8 Income Distribution. Part II
|
|
|
- Easter Chambers
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 8 Income Distribution Part II
2 In a nutshell so far.. 1. Factors that determine wages Risk taking Ability Wealth 2. In Canada, poverty is usually defined in relation to the average Canadian income and expenditures on necessities 3. The poverty line, which depends on household type, is the income level below which a household is classified as poor 4. Poverty is mot prevalent among unattached (single) individuals (esp. women), single-parent families (esp those headed by women) and those under 25 and over 64 years old 5. Other possible measures based on absolute definition of poverty have been proposed by Canadian gov t but have yet to be officially adopted
3 The Canadian Welfare Society Canada has a mixed economy therefore it can be described as a welfare society Government plays a major role in attempting to ensure the well-being of its citizens How does the government address the specific goal of income equity? Transfer payments Income taxes
4 Transfer Payments 1. Transfer Payments a) Universality vs Means Testing b) Impact on Income Distribution 2. Taxes and Income Equity 3. Taxes and Income
5 Transfer Payments 1. Transfer Payments a) Universality vs Means Testing b) Impact on Income Distribution 2. Taxes and Income Equity 3. Taxes and Income
6 Universality vs Means Testing Principle of Universality Benefits apply to all individuals, no matter what their incomes Advantage: treating everyone in the same way; transfer payments are the same to every individual Drawback/Disadvantage: In order to provide significant help to those who need it the most, a large sum of money has to be paid to ALL recipients Means Testing Transfer payments vary according to recipient s income Advantage: benefit can be directed to those who need them most Poor households receive highest payments Disadvantage: Gov t may use means testing to limit spending by narrowing qualifications
7 Transfer Payments 1. Transfer Payments a) Universality vs Means Testing b) Impact on Income Distribution 2. Taxes and Income Equity 3. Taxes and Income
8 Impact on Income Distribution Government transfer payments to individual households are between 10-20% of household s income Many of them go to unattached individuals vs families The poorer % households get more than the richer 20% of households Payments have some impact on equalizing the distribution of income, but it is not perfect
9 Transfer Payments and Income Equity Transfer payments are now usually based on the principle of means testing rather than universality. Transfer payments are greatest as a percent of income for the poorest fifth of households, but the second-poorest fifth of households receives the largest share of these payments.
10 Transfer Payments and Income Equity (b) Average Transfer Payments Received (2006) Transfer Payments as a Percent of Total Income (2006) Share Received of Total Transfer Payments (2006) Lowest 20% Second 20% Third 20% Fourth 20% Highest 20% $ % % Average of Total
11 Transfer Payments 1. Transfer Payments a) Universality vs Means Testing b) Impact on Income Distribution 2. Taxes and Income Equity 3. Taxes and Income
12 Principles of Taxation There are two main principles of taxation: benefits received (e.g. gasoline taxes for roadwork) ability to pay (e.g. personal income tax)
13 Benefits Received Definition: The principle applied to taxation, whereby taxes are geared to the benefits each taxpayer gains from government activity Government services are paid for in the same way that products are bought and sold in the private sector For example, carbon tax on gasoline is it mandatory? What is it s purpose? If you drive more, you will gas up more. Therefore you will be taxed more. Therefore when doing maintenance on roads, you will be contributing more to it.
14 Ability to Pay Definition: the principle applied to taxation, whereby taxes vary in proportion to a taxpayer s financial resources Difficult to measure this value Should incidence factors play a role in determining in paying amount of taxes? Do all individuals earning $40,000 have the same ability to pay taxes or should we take into account of how many children they need to support as well?
15 Transfer Payments 1. Transfer Payments a) Universality vs Means Testing b) Impact on Income Distribution 2. Taxes and Income Equity 3. Taxes and Income (Next Class)
16 Taxes and Income 1. Progressive Taxes 2. Regressive Taxes 3. Proportional Taxes
17 Progressive Taxes Definition: a tax that increases as a proportion of income as income increases This is what the Canadian System uses to calculate the tax owed from taxpayers In a nutshell: as you make more money, you pay more taxes
18 Sanpellegrino makes $30,000 in How much does she pay in BC taxes? Logan makes $50,000 in How much does he pay in BC taxes?
19 Sanpellegrino makes $30,000 in How much does she pay in BC taxes? Logan makes $50,000 in How much does he pay in BC taxes?
20
21 Regressive Taxes Definition: a tax that decreases as a proportion of income as income increases It is the OPPOSITE of progressive taxes In a nutshell: as you make more money, you pay less taxes Ie: If I make $10,000 a year, I pay 10% in taxes. If I make $20,000 a year, I pay 5% in taxes A regressive tax imposes a greater burden on the poor than on the rich
22 Regressive Taxes Sales Tax If sales tax is 7% for each person, a person with an income of $10,000 is a greater proportion of the overall income VS a person with an income of $100,000 Property Tax
23 Proportional Taxes Definition: tax that remains constant as a proportion of income for all incomes In a nutshell: as you make more money, you pay the same taxes Example: If I make $10,000, I pay 10% in taxes. If I make 1,000,000, I pay 10% in taxes. Application: Tithe of 10%
24 You Try! Identify the following taxes as progressive, regressive or proportional and explain your answers a) A tax on inherited wealth b) A 7% sales tax on all gods and services (with no accompanying tax credit) c) A personal income tax with a constant marginal tax rate (and no deductions from income) d) A tax on residential housing
Understanding Economics
Understanding Economics 4th edition by Mark Lovewell, Khoa Nguyen and Brennan Thompson Understanding Economics 4 th edition by Mark Lovewell, Khoa Nguyen and Brennan Thompson Chapter 7 Economic Welfare
Understanding Income Distribution and Poverty
Understanding Distribution and Poverty : Understanding the Lingo market income: quantifies total before-tax income paid to factor markets from the market (i.e. wages, interest, rent, and profit) total
CIE Economics A-level
CIE Economics A-level Topic 3: Government Microeconomic Intervention b) Equity and policies towards income and wealth redistribution Notes In the absence of government intervention, the market mechanism
CHAPTER 9 Sources of Government Revenue
CHAPTER 9 Sources of Government Revenue Section 1, Chapter 9 1 2 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TAXES Taxes affect the four factors of production land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. A tax placed on a good
AP Microeconomics Chapter 16 Outline
I. Learning objectives In this chapter students should learn: A. The main categories of government spending and the main sources of government revenue. B. The different philosophies regarding the distribution
AQA Economics A-level
AQA Economics A-level Macroeconomics Topic 5: Fiscal and Supply Side Policies 5.1 Fiscal policy Notes Fiscal policy involves the manipulation of government spending, taxation and the budget balance. It
Chapter 9 Sources of Government Revenue
Chapter 9 Sources of Government Revenue Did You Know? To help the ailing yacht industry, which suffered great losses after the 1991 luxury tax was imposed, Representative Patrick J. Kennedy introduced
Chapter 14: Taxes and Government Spending Section 1
Chapter 14: Taxes and Government Spending Section 1 Objectives 1. Identify the sources of the government s authority to tax. 2. Describe types of tax bases and tax structures. 3. List the characteristics
MYTHS. The Truth about Poverty in Abbotsford
The Truth about Poverty in Abbotsford MYTHS Abbotsford has experienced tremendous growth in recent years. The population expanded by 7.2% between 2001 and 2006, higher than the provincial average. During
Tax and fairness. Background Paper for Session 2 of the Tax Working Group
Tax and fairness Background Paper for Session 2 of the Tax Working Group This paper contains advice that has been prepared by the Tax Working Group Secretariat for consideration by the Tax Working Group.
Chapter 12 TAXES AND TAX POLICY Principles of Economics in Context (Goodwin et al.)
Chapter 12 TAXES AND TAX POLICY Principles of Economics in Context (Goodwin et al.) Chapter Summary This chapter starts out with a theory of taxes using the supply-and-demand model. Referring back to the
Poverty, Inequity and Inequality in New Zealand
Poverty, Inequity and Inequality in New Zealand Inequality and Inequity Equity is fairness or justice with individual circumstances taken into account. It is also a matter of opinion what is equitable
JUNE Living Standards REPORT HIGHLIGHTS. ANDREW SHARPE AND JEAN-FRANÇOIS ARSENAULT Centre for the Study of Living Standards (CSLS)
JUNE 2009 Living Standards REPORT HIGHLIGHTS ANDREW SHARPE AND JEAN-FRANÇOIS ARSENAULT Centre for the Study of Living Standards (CSLS) Living Standards (Summary and Highlights) The Living Standards Domain
Chapter 14 Section 1: What are taxes?
Chapter 14 Section 1: What are taxes? Tell us therefore, What thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar, or not? But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites?
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Chapter 18: Social Welfare Policymaking Types of Social Welfare Policies Income, Poverty, and Public Policy Helping the Poor? Social Policy and the Needy Social Security: Living on Borrowed Time Social
THREE WORLDS THEORY G L O B A L S T R A T I F I C A T I O N
THREE WORLDS THEORY G L O B A L S T R A T I F I C A T I O N OUTLINE Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective Problems in Studying Global Inequality Classification of Economies by Income Measuring Global
Optimal Taxation : (c) Optimal Income Taxation
Optimal Taxation : (c) Optimal Income Taxation Optimal income taxation is quite a different problem than optimal commodity taxation. In optimal commodity taxation the issue was which commodities to tax,
Social and Economic Determinants of Household Food Insecurity in the United States and Canada
Social and Economic Determinants of Household Food Insecurity in the United States and Canada Mark Nord Economic Research Service, USDA 5 th McGill Conference on Global Food Security Montreal, October
What Are Taxes? Chapter 14 Section Main Menu
What Are Taxes? How are taxes used to fund government programs? What are three types of tax structures? What are the characteristics of a good tax? Who bears the burden of a tax? Funding Government Programs
14-1: How Taxes Work NOTES
14-1: How Taxes Work NOTES Learning Target 1. I will demonstrate my understanding of the different types of taxes and what tax revenue is used for. Government Revenue Tax: a mandatory payment to a local,
Chapter 6. Introduction. Learning Objectives. Funding the Public Sector. Distinguish between average tax rates and marginal tax rates
Chapter 6 Funding the Public Sector Introduction Do you think that so-called private accounts could help save the Social Security system? Is the Social Security system really in trouble? Copyright 2008
Inequality and Redistribution
Inequality and Redistribution Chapter 19 CHAPTER IN PERSPECTIVE In chapter 19 we conclude our study of income determination by looking at the extent and sources of economic inequality and examining how
FOCUS CCPA-NOVA SCOTIA. Cost of Poverty in Prince Edward Island 10 YEARS OF RAISING DEBATE AND PROPOSING POLICY ALTERNATIVES.
10 YEARS OF RAISING DEBATE AND PROPOSING POLICY ALTERNATIVES CCPA-NOVA SCOTIA FOCUS Cost of Poverty in Prince Edward Island Angella MacEwen There is obviously a moral imperative to end poverty, first and
e-brief What s My METR? Marginal Effective Tax Rates Are Down But Not for Everyone: The Ontario Case April 27, 2011
e-brief April 27, 2011 I N D E P E N D E N T R E A S O N E D R E L E V A N T FISCAL AND TAX COMPETITIVENESS What s My METR? Marginal Effective Tax Rates Are Down But Not for Everyone: The Ontario Case
Quiz #1 Week 03/01/2009 to 03/07/2009
Quiz #1 Week 03/01/2009 to 03/07/2009 You have 25 minutes to answer the following 14 multiple choice questions. Record your answers in the bubble sheet. Your grade in this quiz will count for 1% of your
Universal Basic Income
Universal Basic Income The case for UBI in Developed vs Developing Countries Maitreesh Ghatak London School of Economics November 24, 2017 Universal Basic Income Three dimensions Cash transfers (not in-kind,
Poverty and Income Inequality in Scotland: 2013/14 A National Statistics publication for Scotland
Poverty and Income Inequality in Scotland: 2013/14 A National Statistics publication for Scotland EQUALITY, POVERTY AND SOCIAL SECURITY This publication presents annual estimates of the percentage and
Chapter 7. Government Subsidies and Income Support for the Poor
Chapter 7 Government Subsidies and Income Support for the Poor Copyright 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Instructors of classes
Income Inequality and Poverty
20 Income Inequality and Poverty PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU Eastern Illinois University 1 The Measurement of Inequality Questions of measurement: How much inequality is there in
CHAPTER. 4-1 Assessment REVIEW GLOBAL BUSINESS TERMS Define each of the following terms. 1. political system 2. democracy 3. totalitarian system 4. host country 5. social responsibility 6. home country
Economics 448: Lecture 14 Measures of Inequality
Economics 448: Measures of Inequality 6 March 2014 1 2 The context Economic inequality: Preliminary observations 3 Inequality Economic growth affects the level of income, wealth, well being. Also want
Econ Ch. 9 Practice Test II
Econ Ch. 9 Practice Test II Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The incidence of a tax can more effectively be shifted from the supplier to
BUDGET Quebecers and Their Disposable Income. Greater Wealth
BUDGET 2012-2013 Quebecers and Their Disposable Income Greater Wealth for All Paper inside pages 100% This document is printed on completely recycled paper, made in Québec, contaning 100% post-consumer
Learning Objectives. Chapter 6. Funding the Public Sector. Introduction
Copyright 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Funding the Public Sector All rights reserved. Introduction In recent years, various U.S. politicians and pundits have called for boosts in tax rates
Dividend irrelevance in a world without taxes. The effect of taxes. The information contents of dividends. Dividend policy in practice.
Dividends - lecture Dividend irrelevance in a world without taxes. The effect of taxes. Tax disadvantage of dividends. The information contents of dividends. Dividend policy in practice. Factors influencing
Income Inequality and Poverty (Chapter 20 in Mankiw & Taylor; reading Chapter 19 will also help)
Income Inequality and Poverty (Chapter 20 in Mankiw & Taylor; reading Chapter 19 will also help) Before turning to money and inflation, we backtrack - at least in terms of the textbook - to consider income
OCR Economics AS-level
OCR Economics AS-level Macroeconomics Topic 3: Application of Policy Instruments 3.1 Fiscal policy Notes The government budget: The government budget is comprised of tax revenues and government expenditure.
Chapter 12: Design of the Tax System. Historical Context
Chapter 12: Design of the Tax System Purpose: Address the tax system and how the U.S. government raises and spends money along with the difficulty of making a tax system both efficient and equitable. Quick
Ways to Offset Regressive Impact of Consumption Tax Hikes
Legal and Tax Report 26 June 2012 (No. of pages: 11) Ways to Offset Regressive Impact of Consumption Tax Hikes On the regressive impact of consumption tax, refundable tax credits, and tax rate reductions
At the end of Class 20, you will be able to answer the following:
1 Objectives for Class 20: The Tax System At the end of Class 20, you will be able to answer the following: 1. What are the main taxes collected at each level of government? 2. How do American taxes as
FUNDING A SOUND BASIC EDUCATION FOR ALL NEW YORK S CHILDREN Fiscal Policy Institute
FUNDING A SOUND BASIC EDUCATION FOR ALL NEW YORK S CHILDREN Fiscal Policy Institute In Campaign for Fiscal Equity vs. State of New York, decided in 2003, the Court of Appeals, New York's highest court,
Taxation-Overview (Chapter 18)
(Chapter 18) So far, we have talked about different government expenditure items: Education Social Security Health insurance Welfare programs How does local and federal governments finance such programs?
REDUCING POVERTY AND PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION
Budget Paper E REDUCING POVERTY AND PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION Available in alternate formats upon request. REDUCING POVERTY AND PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION CONTENTS ALL ABOARD... 1 KEY ALL ABOARD INITIATIVES
John Hills The distribution of welfare. Book section (Accepted version)
John Hills The distribution of welfare Book section (Accepted version) Original citation: Originally published in: Alcock, Pete, Haux, Tina, May, Margaret and Wright, Sharon, (eds.) The Student s Companion
Prospects and Problems
Basic Annual Income: Prospects and Problems Greg Mason Department of Economics University of Manitoba Presentation to Len Remis Lunch Shaarey Zedek Synagogue July 28, 2016 Background Primitive communism/christian/jewish
Minimum Social Standards Across Europe
Minimum Social Standards Across Europe A project funded by the European Commission Website www.eapn.ie/policy/standards Transnational Seminar, Vantaa, 29th May 2006 Discussion Paper Minimum Social Standards
How Progressive is the U.S. (Federal) Tax System?
How Progressive is the U.S. (Federal) Tax System? Data is for 1999 or 2002 depending on the series A 1 st Look: Increasing Marginal Rates Progressivity 2002: Federal Income Tax Rates before credits, etc.
INTRODUCTION TAXES: EQUITY VS. EFFICIENCY WEALTH PERSONAL INCOME THE LORENZ CURVE THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
INTRODUCTION Taxes affect production as well as distribution. This creates a potential tradeoff between the goal of equity and the goal of efficiency. The chapter focuses on the following questions: How
Addressing Household Food Insecurity within Canada s Poverty Reduction Strategy
Addressing Household Food Insecurity within Canada s Poverty Reduction Strategy Submission to HUMA by Dietitians of Canada March 3, 2017 PAGE 1 Dietitians of Canada (DC) is the national professional association
THE MIDDLE-CLASS SQUEEZE: DC s Tax System Falls Most Heavily on Moderate-Income Families
THE MIDDLE-CLASS SQUEEZE: DC s Tax System Falls Most Heavily on Moderate-Income Families December 1, 2009 Families in the District with incomes of $20,000 to $60,000 pay one-tenth of their incomes in DC
Notes and Definitions Numbers in the text, tables, and figures may not add up to totals because of rounding. Dollar amounts are generally rounded to t
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2011 Percent 70 60 Shares of Before-Tax Income and Federal Taxes, by Before-Tax Income
The federal goods and services tax (GST) was
Raj K. Chawla The federal goods and services tax (GST) was introduced in 1991. Unlike its predecessor, the manufacturers sales tax, which was levied only on manufactured goods, the GST applies to almost
Test Yourself: Income, Transfers and Taxes
Test Yourself: Income, Transfers and Taxes I wish it need not have happened in my time," said Frodo. "So do I," said Gandalf, "and so do all who live to see such times. But that is not for them to decide.
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Taxation
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Taxation CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS A proper analysis of the United States tax system begins with an examination of the tax structure and types of taxes employed in the United States.
TAX AND REVENUE ISSUES IN THE FY 2010 BUDGET
An Affiliate of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 820 First Street NE, Suite 460 Washington, DC 20002 (202) 408-1080 Fax (202) 408-1073 www.dcfpi.org TAX AND REVENUE ISSUES IN THE FY 2010 BUDGET
Notes - Gruber, Public Finance Chapter 13 Basic things you need to know about SS. SS is essentially a public annuity, it gives insurance against low
Notes - Gruber, Public Finance Chapter 13 Basic things you need to know about SS. SS is essentially a public annuity, it gives insurance against low income in old age. Because there is forced participation
Our Tax System Revealed. Lee R. Nackman, Ph.D. October 24, 2018
Our Tax System Revealed Lee R. Nackman, Ph.D. October 24, 2018!1 Topics Tax System Desiderata Follow the Money! Social Security Payroll Taxes Sales Taxes Federal Individual Income Taxes The Big Picture:
GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND POPULARITY: HONG KONG CASH HANDOUT
EMPIRICAL PROJECT 12 GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND POPULARITY: HONG KONG CASH HANDOUT LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this project you will: draw Lorenz curves assess the effect of a policy on income inequality convert
Public Pensions. Economics 325 Martin Farnham
Public Pensions Economics 325 Martin Farnham Why Pensions? Typically people work between the ages of about 20 and 65. Younger people depend on parents to support them Older people depend on accumulated
Key demands for national and international action on universal social protection
Key demands for national and international action on universal social protection Universal Social Protection: End Poverty and Reduce Inequality Side Event High-Level Political Forum Tuesday July 18 th
CASH TRANSFERS, IMPACT EVALUATION & SOCIAL POLICY: THE CASE OF EL SALVADOR
CASH TRANSFERS, IMPACT EVALUATION & SOCIAL POLICY: THE CASE OF EL SALVADOR By Carolina Avalos GPED Forum September 8th, 2016 Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN El Salvador El Salvador is the smallest
HOW SHOULD GOVERNMENTS STRUCTURE THE TAX SYSTEM?
LESSON 11 HOW SHOULD GOVERNMENTS STRUCTURE THE TAX SYSTEM? 143 LESSON 11 HOW SHOULD GOVERNMENTS STRUCTURE THE TAX SYSTEM? INTRODUCTION Collecting revenue through taxation creates complicated and controversial
Chapter 12. The Design of the Tax System. Introduction. Introduction. In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
Chapter 12. The Design of the Tax System Introduction One of the Ten Principles from Chapter 1: A government can sometimes improve market outcomes. providing public goods regulating use of common resources
AQA Economics AS-level
AQA Economics AS-level Macroeconomics Topic 4: Macroeconomic Policy 4.2 Fiscal policy Notes Fiscal policy involves the manipulation of government spending, taxation and the budget balance. It can have
Report :: Upside Down & Backwards: Taxes in New Jersey by Jon Shure. January 2003
WHO PAYS? Upside Down & Backwards Taxes in New Jersey By Jon Shure January 2003 No one consciously designed it this way. New Jersey's tax structure has evolved over time. The local property tax-actually
Staying the Course? Inter-generational Implications of Budget Repair
Staying the Course? Inter-generational Implications of Budget Repair Friday - 26 August 2016 [Image: Tracy Nearmy/AAP ] On current settings, more Australians today are likely to go through their entire
How Progressive is the U.S. (Federal) Tax System?
How Progressive is the U.S. (Federal) Tax System? Data is for 1999 or 2002 depending on the series First, some Definitions Regressive Tax System: Proportional Tax System: Progressive Tax System: A 1 st
Energy Cost Impacts on Indiana Families, Colorado Indiana household energy costs as as percentage of after-tax income
Energy Cost Impacts on Indiana Families, 2015 High household energy costs and below-average family incomes are straining the budgets of Indiana s lower- and middle-income families. Indiana s 1.3 million
BROADENING THE TAX BASE
BROADENING THE TAX BASE Bert Brys, Ph.D. Senior Tax Economist ADB Workshop on Tax Policy for Domestic Resource Mobilisation, 20-23 September 2018 A. Back to the economics Assuming perfect competition,
1 Income Inequality in the US
1 Income Inequality in the US We started this course with a study of growth; Y = AK N 1 more of A; K; and N give more Y: But who gets the increased Y? Main question: if the size of the national cake Y
Indian Taxation System for Banking & SSC - GK Notes in PDF
Indian Taxation System for Banking & SSC - GK Notes in PDF Appearing for Government Exams? If yes then you must be aware that the General Knowledge Section is an integral part of all the govt. exams. If
Poverty and the Welfare State II
Poverty and the Welfare State II TERENCE J. WALES Most of the income security programmes outlined in the paper by my colleague R. Swidinsky are under federal control. The only one under provincial control
BUDGET Québec and the Fight Against Poverty. Social Solidarity
BUDGET 2012-2013 Québec and the Fight Against Poverty Social Solidarity Paper inside pages 100% This document is printed on completely recycled paper, made in Québec, contaning 100% post-consumer fibre
Energy Cost Impacts on Mississippi Families, Colorado household energy costs as percentage of after-tax income
Energy Cost Impacts on Mississippi Families, 2015 High household energy expenses and below-average family incomes are straining the budgets of Mississippi s lower- and middle-income families. Mississippi
BC CAMPAIGN 2000 WHAT IS CHILD POVERTY? FACT SHEET #1 November 24, 2005
WHAT IS CHILD POVERTY? FACT SHEET #1 Poverty in Canada is measured by using Statistics Canada's Low Income Cut-Offs (LICOs). The cut-offs are based on the concept that people in poverty live in "straitened
Study Objectives: To help citizens realise an ideal retirement life
26 Jan 2016 Study Objectives: To help citizens realise an ideal retirement life To analyse the pros and cons of the existing retirement protection measures in Hong Kong To propose specific recommendations
MINIMUM INCOME MYTHS AND REALITIES.
EAPN CAMPAIGN FOR ADEQUATE MINIMUM INCOME. ADEQUATE MINIMUM INCOME. EVERYBODY DESERVES A DECENT LIFE. MINIMUM INCOME MYTHS AND REALITIES. December 2007 In the context of EAPN Minimum Income campaign, EAPN
Energy Cost Impacts on Kentucky Families, Kentucky Colorado household energy costs as percentage of after-tax income
Energy Cost Impacts on Kentucky Families, 2015 High household energy costs and below-average family incomes are straining the budgets of Kentucky s lower- and middle-income families. Kentucky s 1.0 million
ECON 1100 Global Economics (Fall 2013) The Distribution Function of Government portions for Exam 3
ECON Global Economics (Fall 23) The Distribution Function of Government portions for Exam 3 Relevant Readings from the Required Textbooks: Economics Chapter 2, Income Distribution and Poverty Problems
Pensions Core Course Mark Dorfman The World Bank March 2, 2014
Pensions Diagnostic Assessment and Conceptual Framework Pensions Core Course Mark Dorfman The World Bank March 2, 2014 Organization 1. Diagnostic assessment process 2. Conceptual framework design typology
Who Pays? The Unfairness of Connecticut s State and Local Tax System
Who Pays? The Unfairness of Connecticut s State and Local Tax System Douglas Hall, Ph.D. April 2009 This report is produced with the support of the Stoneman Family Foundation and the Melville Charitable
2005 Survey of Owners of Non-Qualified Annuity Contracts
2005 Survey of Owners of Non-Qualified Annuity Contracts Conducted by The Gallup Organization and Mathew Greenwald & Associates for The Committee of Annuity Insurers 2 2005 SURVEY OF OWNERS OF NON-QUALIFIED
20 Years of School Funding Post-DeRolph Ohio Education Policy Institute August 2018
20 Years of School Funding Post-DeRolph Ohio Education Policy Institute August 2018 The 15 charts that accompany this summary provide an overview of how state and local funding has changed in 20 years
I am very pleased that we have had the privilege of hosting the 8 th meeting of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health.
8 th Meeting of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health DRAFT #3 2007-06-07 5:21:36 PM Good afternoon. I am very pleased that we have had the privilege of hosting the 8 th meeting of the WHO
The Case for Specific Exemptions from the Goods and Services Tax: What should we do about Food, Health and Housing?
The Case for Specific Exemptions from the Goods and Services Tax: What should we do about Food, Health and Housing? GST 20 th Anniversary Conference, 25 an 26 March 2019 Professor Fiona Martin: School
Energy Cost Impacts on North Dakota Families, 2015
Energy Cost Impacts on North Dakota Families, 2015 High household energy costs are straining the budgets of North Dakota s lowerand middle-income families. North Dakota s 132,000 households with pre-tax
5MARKET FAILURE (3.4) Inequality
MARKET FAILURE (3.4) 69 Inequality 70 MARKET FAILURE (3.4) BEFORE you start this unit (in pencil)... write the key idea of this unit in the centre of the page write what you know about this idea around
Energy Cost Impacts on Oklahoma Families, Oklahoma Colorado household energy costs as as percentage of after-tax income
Energy Cost Impacts on Oklahoma Families, 2015 High household energy costs and below-average family incomes are straining the budgets of Oklahoma s lower- and middle-income families. Oklahoma s 758,000
Regressing Towards Proportionality: Personal Income Tax Reform in New Brunswick
Regressing Towards Proportionality: Personal Income Tax Reform in New Brunswick by Joe Ruggeri and Jean-Philippe Bourgeois March 21 Regressing Towards Proportionality: Personal Income Tax Reform in New
Catalogue no XIE. Income in Canada
Catalogue no. 75-202-XIE Income in Canada 2005 How to obtain more information Specific inquiries about this product and related statistics or services should be directed to: Income in Canada, Statistics
STUDENT BUDGET CONSULTATION
STUDENT BUDGET CONSULTATION The Student Budget Consultation is a project of This project is supported by BUDGET PRIORITIES WHAT ISSUES SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT FOCUS ON? The top 5, as ranked by students:
Changes in Economic Mobility
December 11 Changes in Economic Mobility Lin Xia SM 222 Prof. Shulamit Kahn Xia 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over years, income inequality has been one of the most continuously controversial topics. Most recent
newsletter Distribution of tax burden in Croatia ivica urban Institute of Public Finance
newsletter an occasional publication of the institute of public finance Zagreb Smičiklasova 21 office@ijf.hr www.ijf.hr phone: +385 (0)1 4886 444 No. 58 June 2011 issn 1333-4263 Distribution of tax burden
Welfare Rates Need To Be Raised
Welfare Rates Need To Be Raised In 2002 the BC government introduced new welfare policies that have significantly reduced income assistance rates and increased the barriers to getting assistance. These
Why are there taxes? Main reason: to raise revenue for the government
Taxes and Taxation Why are there taxes? Main reason: to raise revenue for the government What are some other reasons for taxation? To encourage some kinds of economic activity (e.g., home ownership --
PNPM Incidence of Benefit Study:
PNPM Incidence of Benefit Study: Overview findings from the Household Social Economic Survey 2012 (SUSETI) Background PNPM-Rural programs for public infrastructure and access to credit have attempted to
Turbid Tuesday, November 13
Turbid Tuesday, November 13 Warm up: Talk to your neighbor about what you plan to do to earn and save enough money for retirement. Talk about how old you d like to be when you retire and how much money
MEASURING ECONOMIC INSECURITY IN RICH AND POOR NATIONS
MEASURING ECONOMIC INSECURITY IN RICH AND POOR NATIONS Lars Osberg - Dalhousie University Andrew Sharpe - Centre for the Study of Living Standards IARIW-OECD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECONOMIC SECURITY
Universal basic income: Work incentives and distributional effects
Universal basic income: Work incentives and distributional effects Dr. Luke Martinelli Prof. Nick Pearce CASE Seminar, LSE, 23 rd May 2018 Structure The political economy of UBI and some polling evidence
Backgrounder: Strategy for income security
PO Box 8088 STN Central, Victoria, BC, V8W 3R7 TF. +1-888-473-3686 F. +1-50-590-4537 info@bcgreens.ca Backgrounder: Strategy for income security While the incumbent government touts B.C. s apparent economic