List of Figures and Tables

Transcription

1 List of Figures and Tables Figure I Growth rate of emerging countries and percentage within the global economy... 2 Figure I Export ratio of ROK and Southeast Asia and real GDP per capita... 3 Figure I Changes in inward direct investment from abroad to ASEAN... 4 Figure I Long-term trend of GDP in China... 5 Figure I Changes in real GDP growth rate of China (year-on-year rate)... 5 Figure I Changes of GDP scales in major countries... 6 Table I Impacts of Chinese economy... 6 Figure I Share of major countries within global export... 7 Figure I Share of major export products of China within global export... 8 Figure I Trend in China's GDP composition by demand... 9 Figure I Years when the percentage of investment to GDP peaked in major countries... 9 Figure I Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and final consumption in China (ratio to the world total) Figure I Household consumption and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) in Singapore (ratio to the world total) Figure I Household consumption and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) in Malaysia (ratio to the world total) Figure I Household consumption and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) in Thailand (ratio to the world total) Figure I New WTO member countries and regions since Figure I Trend in export value by destination from EU (tn. $) Figure I Internet usage in major countries Figure I Change in volume of container cargoes and volume index related to the exports from Japan Figure I Ratio of the distribution cost to sales in Japan (%) Figure I Trends in export value, outward direct investment stock and patent royalty in the world (ratio to nominal GDP) Figure I Import value in China by production process (bn. $) Figure I Share of import value in China by production process Figure I World primary energy consumption (100 mil. oil conversion tons) Figure I Current account of OPEC member countries Figure I Long-term trend of GDP in Brazil Figure I World share of emerging and developed countries in final consumption and investment Figure I Trends of current account in major countries in the world Figure I Debts in the non-financial sector in USA (ratio to GDP)... 24

2 Figure I Bank sector s receivables from USA in major countries (tn. $) Figure I Holdings of U.S. bonds by foreign countries and shares of Japan and China Figure I Trends of current account in EU 28 (bn. US$) Figure I Changes in current accounts of EU 28 before and after global economic crisis (bn. $) Figure I Debts in the non-financial sector in Spain (ratio to GDP) Figure I Changes of real GDP growth rate in Spain Figure I Trends of current account in Spain (bn. US$) Figure I Geographical distribution of the largest trading partners among Japan, USA, EU15 and China Figure I Geographical distribution of the largest final demand providers to exports of goods and services in respective countries and regions Figure I Final demand destinations of value-added exports by ASEAN and geographical distribution Figure I Share of foreign value added in relation to construction demand in China (2009) Figure I Shares of Japan and China in nominal value of imports and imports of value added in USA Figure I Geographical distribution of value added creators to final demand of respective countries Figure I Share of foreign companies in imports and exports in China Figure I Share of value added in exports in manufacturing industries from ASEAN (Japan and China) Figure I Change in composition of export items from ASEAN to China Figure I Change in value of outward direct investment in ROK (by industry, flow) Figure I Changes in value of outward direct investment in ROK (by country and region, flow) Figure I Share of foreign value added creation in exports of goods and services in China Table I Comparison of top 10 items of ROK imports from and exports to China Table I Comparison of top 10 major export items in China and ROK (to the world) Figure I Comparison of similarity of composition of export items between China and ROK (2014) Table I Major countries that have foreign economic relations with China (Asia, Europe and Africa) Table I Trends of China s exports to Asia, Europe and Coastal East Africa Table I Changes of share of Asia, Europe and Coastal East Africa in China s exports Table I Composition of China s trade with Asia, Europe and Coastal East Africa by type of goods (goods with the largest share)... 48

3 Table I Relationship between global real GDP growth rate and volume of imports (elasticity) Figure I Changes in direct investment in China Figure I Outward direct investments in major countries (flow base) Figure I Outward direct investments in major countries (stock base) Figure I Outward direct investment in China (by region) Figure I Outward direct investment in China (by industry) Figure I Cross-border M&A (acquisition) in the world Figure I Cross-border M&A of China (by partner country and industry) Figure I Acquisition of foreign logistic infrastructure by China transport-related cross-border M&A by Chinese companies Figure I Share of China in exports in major resource-rich countries and Chinese economic cooperation Figure I Chinese economic cooperation (value of completed projects) Figure I Share of Chinese economic cooperation (value of completed projects) by region Figure I Value of Chinese economic cooperation by major country (value of completed projects, 2014) Figure I Partner countries and regions for Chinese economic cooperation Figure I Trends in Chinese economic cooperation by major country (value of completed projects) Figure I Chinese foreign infrastructure cooperation projects reported recently Figure I Trends in composition ratio of imports from China by type of goods Figure I Basic structure of Chinese economy Figure I Changes in China s real GDP growth rate and contributions by demand components Figure I Changes in China's GDP composition ratio Column table 1-1 Target and performance of China s economic growth rate Column figure 1-2 Changes in ratio of job offers in urban areas in China Column figure 1-3 Changes in registered unemployment rate in urban areas in China Column figure 1-4 Changes in working-age population (performance) in China Column figure 1-5 Changes in employed population in China Column table 1-6 Average number of employed persons required for production valued at 1 million Yuan GDP Column table 1-7 Ratio of job offers by city Figure I Changes in production capacity and capacity utilization rate in main industries Table I Sectors with excess production capacity and capacity utilization rates in China. Data from Guiding Opinions of State Council on Resolving the Serious Excess Production Capacity (October 2013)... 77

4 Table I Average capacity utilization rate in China Figure I The growth rate of fixed asset investments (accumulated amount from the beginning of the year, ratio to the same period of the previous year) Figure I Growth rate of producer prices (ratio to the same month of the previous year) Figure I Producer prices of major items in China (January to April 2016, compared with that of the same period in the previous year) Figure I Real GDP growth rate in respective regions Figure I Changes in China s exports of steel (HS72) Column figure 2-1 Changes in the growth rate of fixed asset investments by industry Figure I Changes in China s real GDP growth rate and nominal growth rate Figure I Changes in China s GDP growth rate by industry Table I Description of China's GDP growth rates by industry/sector Figure I Changes in amount of debt in China (ratio to GDP) Figure I Changes in amount of debt in Japan and China (ratio to GDP) Table I Audit result on nationwide governmental debts issued by National Audit Office Figure I Changes in sales price of newly constructed commercial residential buildings in 70 cities Figure I Trends in Shanghai Composite Index Figure I Changes in exchange rate of Chinese yuan Figure I Changes in real effective exchange rate Figure I Exchange rates of Chinese yuan to the dollar in and outside China Figure I Changes in spot and future prices of Chinese yuan Figure I Changes in China's foreign currency reserves Figure I Prediction of China's population composition (estimation by the United Nations) Figure I Basic monthly salary of Japanese companies (manufacturing/worker) Figure I Changes in ROK s real GDP growth rate and contributions (by demand components) Table I Outlook for ROK s real GDP growth rate Table I ROK's potential growth rate Figure I Comparison of dependence of exports in respective countries (2014) Figure I Changes in ROK's trade balance (ratio to the world total) Table I ROK's export and import values (by country/region) Figure I Changes in growth rate of export value in ROK (by major country) Table I Changes in ROK's export value of major items (ratio to world total) Figure I Changes in ROK s export value growth rate of major items (ratio to the world total) Figure I Changes in ROK s composition ratio of major export destinations

5 (export value basis) Figure I Changes in ROK s composition ratio of major import destinations (import value basis) Figure I Trade relationship between Japan, ROK and China (2015) Figure I Changes in ROK s trade balance (to China) Table I Changes in ROK s export value of major items (ratio to China) Figure I Changes in ROK s import value growth rate of major items (ratio to China) Figure I Changes in ROK s import value (by major country) Figure I Changes in ROK s outward direct investment value (by major country) Column Figure 3-1 Changes in ROK s trade value (by major country) Column Figure 3-2 Changes in ROK and USA s trade value Column Figure 3-3 Changes in ROK s export value to USA (by major item) Column Figure 3-4 Changes in ROK s import value from USA (by major item) Figure I Changes in real GDP growth rates in ASEAN countries Figure I Changes in Indonesia s real GDP growth rate and contributions by demand components Table I Changes in Indonesia s real GDP and contributions by demand components (numerical scheme of Figure I ) Figure I Changes in Indonesia's real GDP and contributions by industry Figure I Changes in Indonesia s real GDP growth rate and contributions by industry (numerical scheme of Figure I ) Figure I Changes in Indonesia s inward direct investment (investing countries and regions) Figure I Changes in Indonesia s inward direct investment (investment target) Figure I Changes in Indonesia s trade balance Figure I Changes in Indonesia s exports (ratio to the previous year) (contributions of top 5 countries) Figure I Changes in Indonesia s exports (ratio to the previous year) (contributions of top 5 items) Figure I Changes in Indonesia s exports (share of top 5 items and natural resources) Table I Changes in Indonesia s imports (comparison of 2000 and 2004) Table I Changes in ratio of exports in Indonesia (comparison of 2000 and 2014) Figure I Changes in dependence of exports in ASEAN countries Figure I Dependence of imports in ASEAN countries Figure I Changes in ratio of exports to China in exports in ASEAN countries Figure I Share of exports to China in exports in ASEAN countries Figure I Changes in Indonesia s trade balance (to China) Figure I Changes in Indonesia s exports to China (top 10 items) (HS 4-digit base)

6 Table I Changes in Indonesia s exports to China (top 10 items) (HS 4-digit base) (numerical scheme of Figure I ) Figure I Changes in industrial structure of Indonesia Figure I Forecast of Indonesia s population composition (estimation by the United Nations) Figure I Gap between production capacity and actual production volume in the global steel market Figure I Changes in export price from China (average of all steel) Table I Successive construction of large steel plants in Asia Figure I Changes in the number of anti-dumping measures in the world by sector Figure I Changes in the number of safeguard measures in the world by sector Figure I Changes in major commodity prices Figure I Changes in real GDP growth rate and crude oil price in resourcerich countries Figure I Real GDP growth rates of Russia and Brazil Figure I Changes in exchange and crude price WTI in major resource-rich countries Figure I Changes in five-year CDS spread in resource-rich countries Figure I Changes in share of resources in trade goods Figure I Changes in trade by goods in Malaysia Figure I Changes in trade by goods in Indonesia Figure I Changes in trade by goods in Saudi Arabia Figure I Changes in trade by goods in Brazil Figure I Changes in trade by goods in Russia Figure I Ratio of the outstanding obligation to GDP in nonfinancial private corporate sector (%) Figure I Changes in the ratio of the outstanding obligation to GDP in major emerging countries (2008Q3-2015Q3, percentage point) Figure I Debt repayment burden of nonfinancial and household sectors in major emerging countries Figure I Debt repayment burden of nonfinancial and household sectors in Brazil, ROK and China Figure I Rise in leverage of listed companies in emerging countries ( ) Figure I Rise in leverage of listed companies in major emerging countries ( ) Figure I Corporate bond issues and project finance tranches by Brazilian companies (100 mil. $) Figure I Ratio of private-sector debts in Brazil that are dollar denominated Figure I Changes in household debts in major emerging countries (2008Q3-2015Q3, percentage point)

7 Figure I Changes in the ratio of households' debt balance to GDP in ASEAN countries Figure I Coverage rate of credit information concerning the adult population Figure I Ratio of global imbalance to nominal GDP Figure I Changes in current balance in major countries in the world Figure I Changes in scale of global imbalance Table I Major targets for 2016 (e.g. Report on Government Activity, National People s Congress) Table I Priority measures for 2016 (Report on Government Activity, National People s Congress) Figure I Targets for the 13th five-year plan Figure I Overview of the 13th five-year plan Table I Efforts of Chinese government to resolve the excess production capacity Figure I scenarios of the birth rate in China (population estimate by the United Nations) Figure I Working-age population in China (population estimate by the United Nations) Figure I Total population of China (population estimate by the United Nations) Table I Changes in working-age population in China ( ) Table I Made in China Table I Innovation-related international rankings Figure I Changes in R&D expenses in China Figure I Top 10 countries for international patent applications (2015) Table I Nationalities of top 10 companies for international patent applications (2015) Figure I Changes in real GDP growth rate in emerging countries Figure I Changes in India s real GDP growth rate and contributions by demand Figure I Changes in India s real GVA growth rate and contributions by industry Figure I India s growth rates by industry Figure I India s nominal GDP growth rates Figure I India s GDP (nominal growth rates, real growth rates and deflators) Figure I Changes in India s current balance Figure I Changes in India s fiscal balance Table I TEAM INDIA (Policy and Vision for 2022) Figure I Changes in India s exchange rate Figure I Trends of stock prices in India Figure I Trend in consumer price index in India Table I Eliminating restrictions on foreign investment in India Figure I Future prediction of India s population composition (estimation by the United Nations)

8 Table I Outlook for India s real GDP growth rate Figure I Ratio of India s GDP to the World Column Figure 4-1 Changes in India s exports of goods and services (ratio to GDP) Column Figure 4-2 Changes in India s net exports of services (breakdown) Column Figure 4-3 Changes in sales of IT industry in India Column Figure 4-4 Destinations for IT-BPM exports in India Column Figure 5-1 Changes in India s trade to China Column Figure 5-2 Changes in India s export items to China (contributions) Column Figure 5-3 Composition of India s export items to China (comparison of 2010 and 2015) Column Figure 5-4 Changes in India s import items from China (contributions) Column Figure 5-5 Composition of India s import items from China (comparison of 2010 and 2015) Figure I Overview of ROK's Three-Year Plan for Economic Innovation Figure I Percentages of employed persons in ROK by industry and ratio of added value to nominal GDP (2014) Table I Ratio of added value in service sector to nominal GDP in major countries (2014) Figure I Changes in share of values of exports and resource exports in nominal GDP Table I Major expenditure items in Russia s anti-crisis plan for Figure I Output gap (horizontal axis) and structural fiscal balance (vertical axis) in Central and South American countries Figure I Changes in Argentina's real GDP growth rate Figure I Changes in the increase rate of consumer prices (CPI) in Argentina Figure I Changes in Argentina s international balance of payments Figure I Changes in exchange rate of Argentine peso Figure I Ratio of fiscal balance to GDP in oil-producing countries in Middle East Figure I Economic growth rates before and after the economic crisis Table I Economic outlook on the United States and Europe in the Monthly Economic Report (issue of December of each year) Figure I Transition Downward revisions of developed countries growth rates by the IMF s World Economic Outlook reports Figure I Changes in the GDP gap in the OECD member countries Figure I Changes in the number of employees and wage level by occupation type United States Table I Occupational classification and task classification Figure I Changes in the shares of employees by task type around the world Figure I Trend in the number of employees by task type Figure I Trend in the number of employees by occupation type

9 Figure I Trend in the number of employees by occupation type (ordinance-designated cities) (from 1992 to 2012) Figure I Trend in the number of employees by occupation type (non-ordinance-designated cities) (from 1992 to 2012) Figure I Changes in the working-age population and capital stock in individual countries Figure I Changes in the TFP of individual countries Figure I Decomposition of each country s potential growth rate Figure I TFP growth necessary for achieving a potential growth rate Figure I Changes in the share of value added by the services industry in nominal GDP Figure I Relationship between per-capita GDP and the share of the services industry in GDP (2014) Figure I Changes in the industrial structure in China (GDP and the number of employees) Figure I Changes in the industrial structure in China (shares) Figure I Changes in China s real GDP growth rate (by industry) Figure I Changes in the composition of China s GDP Table I Share of capital formation in GDP Figure I Changes in the growth rate of retail sales in China by item Figure I Growth rate of retail sales in China by item (2015) Table I Value and growth rate of Internet sales in China (2015) Figure I Growth rate of retails sales in China (ratio to the same month of the previous year) Figure I Growth rate of disposable income per capita in Chinese urban areas (accumulated amount from the beginning of the year, ratio to the same quarter of the previous year) Figure I Changes in the value of global exports of goods and services Figure I Changes in the value of global exports of goods and services (ratio to nominal GDP) Figure I Growth rate of goods and services trade (exports) Figure I Growth rates of goods and services trade (imports) Figure I High-income countries shares of goods and services exports and imports in world Figure I Changes in goods and services trade balance in major countries Figure I Changes in countries shares in global services exports Figure I Contribution to the growth rate of global services exports by country ( ) (top 20 countries) Figure I Contribution to the growth rate of global services imports by country ( ) (top 20 countries)

10 Figure I Changes in the value of global services exports by sector ( ) Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of travel services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Changes in the value of global services exports (share of each sector) Figure I Changes in the value of global services exports (contribution on a year-on-year basis) Figure I Ratio of services exports to nominal GDP in the G20 countries (2014) Figure I Relationship between the value of service exports and share of value added by the services industry (ratio to nominal GDP) (2014) Figure I Changes in services trade balance in major countries Figure I Changes in services exports (United States) Figure I Changes in services exports (United Kingdom) Figure I Changes in services exports (ROK) Figure I Changes in services exports (Taiwan) Figure I Changes in services exports (China) Figure I Changes in services exports (Germany) Figure I Changes in services exports (Japan) Figure I Contribution to the growth rate of the value of exports of telecommunications, computer and information services (9.7%) by country ( ) (top 20 countries) Figure I Value of exports of telecommunications, computer and information services (2014) (top 20 countries) Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of telecommunications, computer and information services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Growth rate of exports of telecommunications, computer and information services in ROK and Estonia ( ) Table I Government systems of the ROK and Estonia Table I Definition of telecommunications, computer and information services Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of professional services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Growth rate of exports of professional services in major countries and contribution to the growth rate by item ( ) Figure I Value of exports of research and development services (2014) and its growth rate ( ) sin major countries Figure I Value of exports of professional and business consulting services (2014) and its growth rate ( ) in major countries Figure I Value of exports of technical, trade-related services, and business services (2014) and its growth rate ( ) in major countries Figure I Trade balance concerning professional services (United States) Figure I Trade balance concerning professional services (United Kingdom) Figure I Trade balance concerning professional services (Germany)

11 Figure I Trade balance concerning professional services (Japan) Figure I Changes in the share of the value of exports of professional services by country Figure I Contribution to the growth rate of the global market of professional services (growth rate of the value of imports) (8.8%) by country ( ) (top 20 countries) Table I Definition of professional services Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of product-related services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Value of exports of maintenance and repair services and its growth rate ( ) Figure I Changes in the share of value of exports of maintenance and repair services by country Figure I Changes in the growth of value of exports of maintenance and repair services Figure I Comparison of the value of exports of maintenance and repair services and that of products Table I Definition of product-related services Figure I Ratio of the value of receipts of royalties and license fees to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Contribution to the growth rate of the value of receipts of royalties and license fees (6.8%) by country ( ) (top 20 countries) Figure I Contribution to the growth rate of payments of royalties and license fees (6.8%) by country ( ) (top 20 countries) Figure I Changes in the growth rate of value of receipts of royalties and license fees Figure I Changes in the share of value of receipts of royalties and license fees Figure I Changes in the breakdown of royalties and license fees in the United States Figure I Changes in the breakdown of royalties and license fees in Japan Table I Definition of royalties and license fees Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of financial services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of insurance and pension services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of transport services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of construction services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Ratio of the value of exports of public services to nominal GDP (2014) Figure I Share of value added by the services industry in manufacturing industry exports

12 Figure I Share of value added by business services in agricultural exports Figure I Sources of value added concerning exports in the agricultural sector Column Figure 6-1 Four modes of services trade under the WTO GATS Column Figure 7-1 Examples of solution cores Figure I Volume of global data flow and estimates for the future Figure I Changes in overseas sales of innovative industries in the United States Table I Recent trends in digital platforms in emerging countries Figure I Annual income of the users of major online platforms in the United States Figure I Supply and demand curves in the state of monopoly Figure I Supply and demand curves under the direct network effect Figure I Supply and demand curves under the indirect network effect Table I Microeconomic background that supports platform businesses Figure I Conceptual diagrams for the direct and indirect network effect Figure I Influence of the use of IT in the state of monopoly Figure I Influence of the use of IT under the direct network effect Figure I Supply and demand curves under direct network effect in the AI sector centered on data accumulation Figure I Creation of a cross-sectoral platform Figure I Business model for a virtuous cycle to maintain and strengthen the competitive advantage Table I Example of platforms that lower the marginal cost through the use of IT Figure I Models for the creation of cross-sectoral platforms Figure I Influence of the use of IT under the indirect network effect Table I Example of data localization Figure I Urbanization rates of major emerging countries and regions Figure I Projections of demand for infrastructure by sector in emerging and developing countries ( ) Figure I Projections of demand for and investments in infrastructure in emerging and developing countries ( ) Figure I Composition of expenditures of subnational governments in Asian countries and regions (ratio to GDP)(2012) Figure I Changes in the amount of funds for infrastructure development through the PPP (based on financing contracts) Figure I Average number of power failures per month in each region Figure I Amount of losses that companies incur due to power failures in each region (%) Figure I Correlation between the real GDP growth rate and the quality of electricity supply (2005) Figure I Correlation between the real GDP growth rate and the quality of roads (2005)

13 Figure II Changes in Japan s current account balance Figure II Changes in the value of payments in Japan s current account Figure II Value of receipts in Japan s current account and composition of contributions to the growth (2015) Figure II Export partners' shares in 2015 and contribution of countries and regions to the export growth rate Figure II Shares of export items in 2015 and contribution to the export growth rate by item Table II Contribution to the export growth rate by country and item Figure II Average annual growth rate of exports of the manufacturing industry by region ( ) Figure II Shares of regions in Japan s exports (2014) Figure II Regions contributions to Japan s export growth rate (from 2010 to 2014) Table II Contributions to the export growth rate in the manufacturing industry by region and industry (from 2010 to 2014) Figure II Goods and services exports of Japan, China and Germany as a percentage of GDP Figure II Changes in exports of the EU countries (as a percentage of GDP) (exports to outside the EU) Figure II Changes in the number of Japanese affiliates overseas and their sales Figure II Japan s exports to China by goods Figure II Japanese affiliates in China (2013) Figure II Location of Japanese affiliates (FY2013) Table II Major imported items of China (top items based on the import value) Table II Imported items of China (top items based on the growth rate) Figure II Changes in the share of goods in China s imports Figure II Changes in China s import values by country Figure II Composition of items imported to China from Japan and their growth rates Figure II Composition of items imported to China from major countries and heir growth rates Figure II Changes in Japan s services import and export values (trillion yen) Figure II Changes in global goods and services trade Figure II Growth rate of the export of professional services of major countries and contribution ratio by item ( ) Figure II A model for a company s productivity and overseas expansion Figure II Ratio of goods exports to GDP for Japan and major Europe countries Figure II Ratio of services exports to GDP Figure II Ratio of services exports to GDP Figure II Ratio of inward and outward foreign direct investments to GDP for major countries

14 Figure II Change in ratio of foreign direct investment balance to GDP Figure II (Reshown) Changes in the ratio of the inflow of workers who have completed tertiary education to the population Figure II Changes in the number of foreign students in major countries Figure II Changes in the proportion of students who obtained a job in Japan Figure II Foreign students desired career path after graduation (area of employment) Table II Systems to attract highly skilled foreign professionals Figure II Foreigners view on living and working in Japan Figure II Dissatisfaction with working in Japan Figure II Average wages by age group in Japan and major Europe countries Figure II Composition of foreign students in Japan [by nationality] Figure II Composition of foreign students in Japan [by major] Figure II Foreign study destinations for Chinese students (undergraduate students, etc.) Figure II Foreign study destinations for Chinese students (master s degree) Figure II Foreign study destinations for Chinese students (doctor s degree) Figure II Routes of recruitment of foreign workers Figure II Changes in the number of workers with analytical talent Figure II Acquisitions by Google Figure II Companies view on the supply of IT workers Figure II Need for and securing of workers with IT integration skills at IT companies and user companies Figure II Factors to which IT engineers attach importance when switching jobs Figure II Level of satisfaction with the current jobs and workplace environment Figure II Annual income distribution among the respondents Figure II Job rank of respondents Figure II Items which engineers think are appreciated in the workplace Figure II Elements related to the frequency of participation in training (recognition of necessity) Figure II Elements related to the frequency of participation in training (level of satisfaction with working hours) Figure II Reasons for the desire to work abroad Figure II Countries in which IT engineers wish to work Figure II Silicon Valley, the automobile industry s new major cluster in the United States Figure II Number of Japanese companies in the Bay Area Figure II Approaches to the incorporation of foreign technologies Figure II Issues faced by Japanese companies when incorporating foreign technologies

15 Figure II Key points in forming alliances with or acquiring foreign companies and employing local workers Figure II Key points concerning the training of employees Figure II Changes in TFP (by industry) (1) Figure II Changes in TFP (by industry) (2) Figure II Industries with a high productivity should expand their scale, while those with a low productivity should raise their productivity Figure II Channels of knowledge diffusion across national borders Figure II Changes in global technology trade Figure II Current status of technology trade in Japan s manufacturing industries (1) Figure II Current status of technology trade in Japan s manufacturing industries (2) Figure II TFP of the Japanese manufacturing industries Figure II External technology trade is closely related to TFP Table II Estimation results concerning the international movement of human resources and innovation Figure II Changes in the number of short-stay commercial visitors to Japan, the United States and China Figure II Share of immigrants (those with academic achievement and highly skilled workers) in OECD countries Figure II Change in the amount of Japan s service imports and exports (trillion yen) (repost) Table II Changes in the services trade balance (Japan) Figure II Changes in services account balance (Japan) (on the yen basis) Figure II Services account balance and import and export values (Japan) (2015) Figure II Growth rate of services imports and exports by item (Japan) ( ) Figure II Services account balance and import and export values (United States) (2014) Figure II Changes in services account balance (United States) (royalties and license fees) Figure II Growth rate of services imports and exports by item (United States) ( ) Figure II Countries contributions to the growth rate of services exports by sector Figure II Ratio of services exports to GDP in G20 countries (2014) Figure II Changes in the value of services imports (by region) Figure II Distribution of TFP of non-exporters, goods exporters and services exporters Figure II Productivity of and wages at goods and services exporters Figure II Comparison between OECD countries and non-oecd countries in terms of OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) (2015) Figure II OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) (2015)

16 (telecommunications) Figure II OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) (2015) (legal services) Figure II Impact of a reduction in the STRI by 0.05 on imports and exports Figure II Growth rate of the value of services exports and outward foreign direct investments in the services sector ( ) Figure II Growth rate of the value of services exports and outward foreign direct investments in the services sector (royalties and license fees) Figure II Changes in the balance of outward foreign direct investments (services industries) Figure II Changes in the balance of outward foreign direct investments (services industries) (ratio to GDP) Figure II Shares of industries in the balance of outward foreign direct investments (2014) Figure II Value of return from outward foreign direct investments and rate of return (value of return/balance) (services industries) Figure II Shares of industries in the value of return from outward foreign direct investments (2014) Figure II Rate of return from outward foreign direct investments (value of return/balance) Table II New trends in Japan s services trade Column Figure 10-1 Breakdown of royalties and license fees (2013) Column Figure 10-2 Size of the contents markets in major foreign countries Column Figure 10-3 Size of the overseas contents market and the share of Japanese contents in sales Column Figure 10-4 Three stages for capturing foreign demand under the Cool Japan Strategy Column Figure th Tokyo International Film Festival Figure II Ratio of investment in brands, human resources and organizations to GDP in major countries (cited from 2013 White Paper on International Economy and Trade) Figure II International comparison of intangible assets/gdp Figure II Changes in companies investments in human resource development in Japan (excluding OJT) Figure II International comparison of investment in human resource development (excluding OJT) (ratio to GDP) Figure II General conference of the IoT Acceleration Consortium Figure II Organization of the IoT Acceleration Consortium Figure II First meeting of the Support Committee for the IoT Acceleration Lab Figure II Venue of IoT Lab Connection (Matching Event) Figure II IoT Lab Selection

17 Table II Ranking of the number of foreign tourists (2014) Figure II Changes in the number of tourists around the world Figure II Changes in the number of tourists and tourism revenue in various countries ( ) Figure II Changes in the number of arrivals and departures in Japan Figure II Changes in Japan s balance relating to travel (ratio to GDP) Figure II Changes in the balance relating to travel (ratio to GDP) by region Figure II Changes in travel service receipts and payments (ratio to GDP) by region Figure II Examples of experience-based tourism programs in France Figure II Volume of shipments of Beaujolais Nouveau wine to countries Figure II Number of tourists to the Gironde department Figure II Initiatives by ONLY LYON and the results Figure II Comparison of entry fees at major cultural heritage sites in Japan and Europe Figure II Changes in tourists expectations before and after their visits to Japan and distribution of the number of visits to Japan Figure II Composition of foreign tourists to Japan by nationality Figure II Consumption per capita by Chinese tourists by item Figure II Recent exchange rates of China Yuan Renminbi to Japan Yen Figure II Length of stay of foreign visitors to Japan by nationality and their consumption per capita Figure II Comparison of the number of tourists from the United Kingdom to major Asian countries (2014) Figure II Japan selection rate and annual frequency of foreign travel among tourists to Japan Figure II Japan selection rate in various countries (2014) Figure II Ratio of tourists to Japan and Thailand from various regions (2014) Figure II Ratio of repeat visitors to Japan (tourists coming to Japan for sightseeing and leisure purposes) (2015) Figure II Changes in the percentage of tourists who are willing to visit Tokyo and local regions Figure II Accumulated number of foreign visitors staying in each prefecture and concentration in prefectures in the top 20% Figure II Accumulated number of foreign visitors staying in each region and concentration in regions in the top 20% Figure II Comparison of tourism consumption in Japan and France and interests of foreign visitors to Japan Figure II Outline of the measures under the Tourism Vision to Support the Future of Japan Figure II Companies' initiatives to create opportunities for business with

18 foreign tourists Figure II Foreign workers capable of handling foreign visitors to Japan (n=1893) Figure II Thai government s initiatives on tourism Figure II Ratio of exports of travel services to GDP (2014) Figure II Growth and breakdown of MICE-related tourism revenue Figure II Changes in the number of foreign tourists to Thailand ( ) Figure II Number of visitors to Thailand and Japan by nationality Figure II Average length of tourists stay in Thailand by country of residence Figure II Composition of tourists nationality in the number of tourists to Thailand and the total number of days of stay (2014) Figure II Trends in tourists to Thailand (2014) (tourists to Japan = 1) Figure II Changes in gross prefectural product (nominal) by region Figure II Changes in the number of employees (manufacturing industry) Figure II Changes in the number of employees in the manufacturing industry and in the non-manufacturing industry Figure II Changes in the number of employees by region (all industries) Figure II Changes in the youth population by region Figure II Changes in direct exports by region (manufacturing industry) Figure II Changes in the growth rate of direct exports by region Figure II Changes in the proportion of exporting establishments in Japan s manufacturing industry (by sector) Figure II Changes in the proportion of exporting establishments in Japan s manufacturing industry (by region) Figure II Changes in the dependency on direct exports (manufacturing industry) Figure II Ratio of exports to the total value of shipments in the manufacturing industry in Japan (by region) Figure II Ratio of exports in the manufacturing industry by company size (2013/2014) Figure II Changes in the ratio of exports among SMEs in the manufacturing industry (2002/ /14) Figure II Growth in direct exports and value of shipments among SMEs in the manufacturing industry Figure II Comparison of large enterprises and SMEs in the manufacturing industry concerning growth in direct exports Figure II Changes in SMEs share in the value of direct exports by the manufacturing industry Figure II Contribution to the export growth of the manufacturing industry by company size Figure II Proportion of business establishments that recorded higher growth in the value of direct exports than in the value of domestic shipments

19 Figure II Proportion of business establishments that recorded higher growth in the value of direct exports than in the value of domestic shipments (by industry) Figure II Contribution by exports to the total sales value Figure II Changes in the difference between companies with increasing exports and non-exporting companies in terms of the growth rate of the payroll Column Figure 12-1 (Reference) Influence of exports on the increasing rate of the number of employees (elasticity) Figure II Distribution of the export growth rate by region in Japan and Germany (from 2003 to 2008) Figure II Distribution of the export growth rate by region in Japan and Germany (from 2008 to 2013) Table II Average and dispersion of the export growth rate by region Table II Status of exports by prefecture (manufacturing industry) Figure II Average growth rates of groups of prefectures classified by the scale of exports (from 2002/03 to 2013/14) Figure II Average growth rates of groups of prefectures classified by the scale of exports (from 2007/08 to 2013/14) Figure II Distribution of export ratio by region in Japan and Germany Figure II Contribution by region and by sector to the growth rate of total direct exports in Japan (manufacturing industry) Table II Contribution by region and by sector to the growth rate of total direct exports in Japan (manufacturing industry) Figure II Growth rate of direct exports by the manufacturing industry in Japan (positive and negative contributions by region and by sector) Figure II Lorenz curve of the accumulation of positive contributions to the growth rate of direct exports in Japan Table II Growth rate of direct exports and contribution by sector in region (Japan) Table II Growth rate of direct exports and contribution by items in region (Germany) Table II (Reference) Division of the prefectures into the 17 regions in Figure Figure II Changes in exports by the manufacturing industry by state in Germany (contribution to export growth by items with increasing exports and items with decreasing exports) Figure II Changes in exports by the manufacturing industry by prefecture in Japan (contribution to export growth by sectors with increasing exports and sectors with decreasing exports) Figure II Ratio of regions with increasing direct exports by sector (Japan)