Chapter 3 Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in India

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1 Chapter 3 Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in India 3.1. Definition of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises 3.2. Organizational Set-up of Ministry of MSME 3.3. Overview of the SSI /MSME sector 3.4. Activities and Programmes for Women 85

2 This chapter covers Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The latest census conducted was Fourth All India Census of MSME conducted with reference year , wherein the data was collected till 2009 and results published in Definition of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises In the Indian context, micro, small and medium enterprises as per the MSME Development Act, 2006 are defined based on their investment in plant and machinery (for manufacturing enterprise) and on equipments for enterprises providing or rendering services which is as follows: Table 3.1 Manufacturing Enterprises Investment in Plant & Machinery Description INR USD($)* Micro Enterprises upto Rs. 25Lakhs upto $ 41,667 Small Enterprises Medium Enterprises above Rs. 25 Lakhs & upto Rs. 5 Crores above Rs. 5 Crores & upto Rs. 10 Crores above $ 41,667 & upto $ 0.83 million above $ 0.83 million & upto $ 1.67 million Table 3.2 Service Enterprises Investment in Equipments Description INR USD($) Micro Enterprises upto Rs. 10Lakhs upto $ 16,667 Small Enterprises Medium Enterprises above Rs. 10 Lakhs & upto Rs. 2 Crores above Rs. 2 Crores & upto Rs. 5 Crores above $ 16,667 & upto $ 0.33 million above $ 0.33 million & upto $ 0.83 million *Rs.60 = 1 USD Source : MSMED Act(2006) of GOI In India small and micro businesses constitute the major chunk of the entrepreneurial activity. The latest census conducted on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is the Fourth All India Census of MSME with reference year The data was collected till 2009, results of which were published in As per this report of the 86

3 MSME sector Micro enterprises constitute 94.94%, Small enterprises constitute 4.89% and Medium enterprises constitute 0.17%. Focus on Micro and Small Enterprises Micro, small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector evolved subsequent to the enactment of Micro, small and Medium Enterprise Development (MSMED) Act, Enactment of MSMED Act, 2006 is one of the many important initiatives by Government of India in its continued efforts as a part of its planned approach to nurse and develop the erstwhile small Scale Industries (SSIs), Cottage and Village Industries, Traditional Industries like Coir, Khadi and Silk, small scale Service and Business Enterprises (SSSBEs) on one hand and encourage other non-agricultural and service related activities which need special care on the other. The act, which came in to force with effect from 2 nd October 2006, resulted in, among other things, interaction of the heterogeneous segment of non-agricultural sector of national economy needing special policy attention. Definitional changes brought about by the Act expanded the scope of the sector earlier known as SSIs and SSSBEs by extending coverage of the sector horizontally to include a vastly enlarged services sector and vertically to include the medium enterprises. Though the criteria for classification/identification of units falling under the coverage of Small Scale Industries (SSI) kept changing over time, by upward revision of investment limits for different segments of the SSI sector (such as tiny and small industry) and inclusion of SSSBEs in the ambit of SSI sector, aforesaid change brought about by the implementation of MSMED Act, 2006 was unprecedented. MSME sector, so defined, spans non-agricultural sector of the economy subject to limiting factor of size as defined in the Act (in terms of original value of P&M/Investment). It is one of the most vital sectors of the Indian Economy in terms of employment generation, providing strong entrepreneurial base. Effective policy formulation and implementation for the promotion and development of this sector, is pivotal for the economic development. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), including khadi and village/rural enterprises are credited with generating the highest rates of employment growth and account for a major share of industrial production and exports. It is estimated that in 87

4 terms of value, the sector accounts for about 45 per cent of the manufacturing output and 40 per cent of the total exports of the country. The sector is estimated to employ about 595 lakh persons in over 261 lakh enterprises throughout the country. They also play a key role in the development of economies with their effective, efficient, flexible and innovative entrepreneurial spirit. The socio-economic policies adopted by India since the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 have laid stress on MSMEs as a means to improve the country s economic conditions. Further, this sector has consistently registered a higher growth rate than the rest of the industrial sector. There are over 6000 products ranging from traditional to high-tech items, which are being manufactured by the MSMEs in India. It is well known that the MSMEs provide good opportunities for both self-employment and wage employment. Office of development Commissioner MSME is entrusted with the responsibility of collection of data pertaining to SSI/MSME sector. It has conducted four Censuses of the registered sector. Third Census and Fourth Census had provision to cover the unregistered sector, in addition to the registered sector. First Census was conducted in in respect of 2.58 lakh SSI units registered up to During this census, only 1.4 lakh units were found working. Second Census was conducted during in respect of 9.87 lakh SSI units registered up to During this Census, only 5.82 lakh units were found working. Third Census, for the first time, surveyed unregistered SSI sector, in addition to the registered sector. Registered sector covered, on complete enumeration basis, all units registered permanently upto A total of lakh units were surveyed using a two-stage stratified sampling design adopting first stage units (FSUs) of villages and urban blocks were surveyed to identify the units of the unregistered sector. Size of the unregistered sector was estimated to be lakh units. This comprised of 38.75% SSIs and 61.25% Small Scale Services Business enterprises (SSSBEs). The primary responsibility of promotion and development of MSMEs is of the State Governments. However, the Government of India, supplements the efforts of the State Governments through various initiatives. The role of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (M/o MSME) and its organizations is to assist the States in their efforts to encourage entrepreneurship, employment and livelihood opportunities and enhance the competitiveness of MSMEs in the changed economic scenario. The 88

5 schemes/programmes undertaken by the Ministry and its organizations seek to facilitate/provide: i) Adequate flow of credit from financial institutions/banks; ii) Support for technology up gradation and modernization; iii) Integrated infrastructural facilities; iv) Modern testing facilities and quality certification; v) Access to modern management practices; vi) Entrepreneurship development and skill up gradation through appropriate training facilities; vii) Support for product development, design intervention and packaging; viii) Welfare of artisans and workers; ix) Assistance for better access to domestic and export markets and x) Cluster-wise measures to promote capacity building and empowerment of the units. As per MSMED Act 2006, An enterprise (Manufacturing or Services) managed by one or more women entrepreneurs in proprietary concerns, or which she/they individually or jointly have a share capital of not less than 51% as partners/ share holders/ Directors of Private Limited Company/ Members of Co-operative Society is called a Woman enterprise. The Micro, Small and Medium enterprise sector is the real engine of growth for the Indian Economy. It provides gainful employment to a large chunk of population. The share of MSME sector in the manufacturing output and export is significant and has been growing consistently. A sound, accurate and comprehensive database is a prerequisite to sound policy formulation. It is in this backdrop that the Office of Development Commissioner (MSME) has brought out the Final Report of the 4 th All India Census of MSME, : Registered Sector. The information and database contained in this Report is benefitting all the stakeholders of MSME sector in their quest for quality database as is also providing a credible source of data to planners and academicians. 89

6 3.2. Organizational Set-Up of Ministry of MSME The M/o MSME is having two Divisions called Small & Medium Enterprises (SME) Wing and Agro & Rural Industry (ARI) Wing. The SME Wing is allocated the work, inter-alia, of administration, vigilance and administrative supervision of the National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) Ltd., a public sector enterprise and the three autonomous national level entrepreneurship development/training organizations. The Wing is also responsible for implementation of the schemes relating to Performance and Credit Rating and Assistance to Training Institutions, among others. SME Wing is also responsible for preparation and monitoring of Results-Framework Document (RFD) as introduced in 2009 by the Cabinet Secretariat under Performance Monitoring and Evaluation System (PMES). The ARI Wing looks after the administration of two statutory bodies viz. the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), Coir Board and a Society called Mahatma Gandhi Institute for Rural Industrialization (MGIRI). It also supervises the implementation of the Prime Minister s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP). The implementation of policies and various programmes/ schemes for providing infrastructure and support services to MSMEs is undertaken through its attached office, namely the Office of the Development Commissioner (O/o DC (MSME)), National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC), Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), the Coir Board, and three training institutes viz., The National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD), NOIDA, National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (NI-MSME); Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (IIE); Guwahati and Mahatma Gandhi Institute for Rural Industrialization (MGIRI), Wardha a society registered under Societies Registration Act, Overview of the SSI /MSME sector Performance of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector is assessed by conduct of periodic All India Census of the Sector. The latest census conducted was Fourth All India Census of MSME. The Census was conducted with reference year , wherein the data was collected till 2009 and results published in Fourth All India Census of MSME is the first census conducted post implementation of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, Prior to 90

7 implementation of MSMED Act, 2006, the sector was defined as per the provision of Industrial Development and Regulation Act, 1951 as Small Scale Industries (SSI) sector and its constituent, tiny and auxiliary units as per periodic revision of criteria for defining such units. The Third All India Census of SSI was conducted with coverage and concepts as prevailing during The scope and coverage of the MSME sector were broadened significantly under the MSMED Act, 2006, which recognized the concept of enterprise and to include both manufacturing and services sector, besides defining the medium enterprises under the MSME sector. Thus, the entire nonagricultural sector of the economy was brought under the coverage of MSME sector subject to the revised criteria prescribed for defining Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises separately for manufacturing and services sectors. The census adopted different methodology for Registered and Unregistered Sectors. While complete enumeration of enterprises was adopted in the Registered Sector, sample survey was resorted to in the Unregistered Sector. Analysis of number of enterprises under broad economic activities groups (three digit level of NIC-2004) indicates dominance of select activities in registered sector. Out of 113 economic activities reported under NIC-2004 three digit levels, top 20 activities, as reported in statement below, accounted for 77.25% of the total number of enterprises. Activity of manufacturing of wearing apparels accounted for 13.65% of the total number of enterprises. Share of manufacturing of grain mill products, starches and starch product together with prepared animal feeds accounted for 8.37% of total number of enterprises. Repair of personal and household goods accounted for 7.06% of the enterprises. Other important activities were the activity group of manufacturing of fabricated metal products and metal working service activities (6.78%), manufacture of furniture (4.55%), spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles (3.82%), maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (3.60%), manufacturing of structural metal products, tanks, reservoirs and steam generators (2.17%), production, processing and preservation of meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, oils and fats (2.14%), manufacture of jewellery, music instruments, sports goods, toys, stationery, decorative articles etc. (1.81%), manufacture of products of food, cork, straw and painting material (1.76%), saw milling and planting of wood (1.76%), and manufacture of footwear (1.31%). 91

8 Leading Industries : MSME Sector Others, 19.40% Retail Trade, Except of Motor Vehicles & Motorcycles; Repair of Personal & Household Goods, 39.85% manufacture of fabricated Metal Products; Except Machinery & Equipm, 2.33% Manufacture of Textiles, 2..33% manufacturing of Furniture; Manufacturing n.e.c, 3.21% Sale, Maint. & Repair of Motor Vehicles & Motorcycles; Retail sale of Automative Fuel, 3.57% Hotels and Restaurants, 3.64% Other business activities, 4% Other service activities, 6% Manufacturing of Wearing Apparel: Dressing & Dyeing of Fur, 9% Manufacturing of Food products & Beverages, 7% Figure 3..1 Leading Industries of MSME sector Source: - Final Report of the Fourth All India Census of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises : Registered Sector. 92

9 In terms of number of enterprises, 10 industry group (at 2-digit level of NIC) viz., Food products and beverages (14.26%), wearing apparel (13.67%), Fabricated metal products (8.96%), Repair & maintenance of household goods (8.46%), Textiles (6.78%), Furniture (6.36%), Machinery & Equipments n.e.c. (4.66%), other Non-metallic mineral products (3.77%), Repair & maintenance of motor vehicles (3.72%) and Wood & products of wood (3.53%) had a share of %. Sector-wise MSMEs Micro Small Medium 4.89% 0.17% % Figure 3.2 Sector-wise MSMEs Micro sector with lakh working enterprises, accounted for 94.94% of working enterprises of MSME sector was the most dominant segment in terms of number of enterprises. This sector also accounted for the largest and a very dominant share of employment (70.19%) of registered MSME sector. Further, the micro sector with 44.24% share of gross output of MSME sector was only marginally short of the share of small sector (45.06%) which had the highest sectoral share within registered MSME sector. Thus, micro sector was a very important segment of MSME sector in terms of number of enterprises, employment and output. Smalll sector, although accounted for less than 5% of enterprises in registered MSME sector, had a significant share in investment (both P&M and fixed assets) and gross output of registered MSME sector, 52.17%, 49.76% and 45.06%, respectively (highest segment shares within registered MSME sector). Medium sector had a relatively low share in the MSME sector in terms of number of enterprises, employment and output (0.17%, 4.64% and 10.71%, respectively), althoughh it accounted for 20.46% of investment in P&M and 12.49% of investment in fixed assets. Small sector with 0.76 lakh and medium sector with 0.03 lakh working enterprises accounted for 4.89% and 0..17% of working enterprises in MSME sector, respectively. 93

10 Micro sector dominated both in rural and urban areas. Thus, the micro segment accounted for 97.18% of the enterprises of MSME sector located in rural areas and 93.09% in urban areas. Small sector accounted for only 2.72% and 6.69% of total enterprises in rural and urban areas respectively. Medium sector accounted for negligible share both in rural and urban areas (0.10% and 0.23%, respectively) ). Area-wise Share Urban 55% Rural 45% Figure 3.3 Area-wise Share of MSMEs Urban areas with 8.57 lakh of working enterprises accounted for 55% of the total working enterprises in MSME sector whereas rural areas located 7.07 lakh working enterprises (i.e. 45% of the working enterprise in MSME sector). Rural areas improved its share of working enterprises from 44% in 3 rd Census to 45% in 4 t Correspondingly, theree was a decline in the share of urban areas from 56% in 3 rd Census to 55% in 4 th Census. Urban areas had a larger share of registered MSME sector as compared to rural areas in respect of all the major parameters such as number of enterprises, employment, investment in plant and machinery, fixed investment and gross output. Thus, urban areas accounted for almost 55% of the total number of enterprises. Their share of employment, investment (both in plant and machinery and fixed assets) and gross output ranged from 60% to 70% of the total for MSME sector. However, with more than 45% of the enterprises contributing to almost 30% of investment, 40% of employment and 34% of the output of MSME sector, rural areas also contributed reasonably well to the growth of MSME sector. th Census. 94

11 Activity-wise MSMEs Services 17% Repairing & Maintenance 16% Manufacturing 67% Figure 3..4 Activity-wise Share of MSMEs The classification of working enterprises by nature of activity indicated that 67.10% enterprises were engaged in manufacturing activity, 16.78% of enterprises were engaged in services and 16.13% engaged in repairing and maintenance. Gender wise MSMEs (Total: lakhs enterprises) Female 13.72% Male 86.28% Figure 3.5 Gender-wise share of MSMEs 13.72% units were reported to be women enterprises male dominance with 86.28%. thus absolutely highlighting the 95

12 Employment by Gender : Total : lakhs Female 20.45% Male 79.55% Figure 3.6 Employment Generated by MSMEs Gender-Wise There is a substantial difference in the percentages of employment generated amongst both the genders with females getting employment as only 20.45% of the total employment generated as compared to their male counterparts where the percentage is 79.55%. Table 3.3 Percentage Distribution of Enterprises by Gender of Owner and Sector Sector Female Male Micro Small Medium All Dominance of male in ownership was all pervading true in each of the three segments of MSME sector, although it was relatively lesss pronounced in case of micro sector. Thus, male owned 85.81% of enterprises in micro sector while 94.94% and 95.79% of enterprises in small sector and medium sector, respectively. Table 3.4 Percentage Distribution of Enterprises by Gender of Owner in Rural and Urban Areas Rural Urban All Female Male

13 There is dominance of male in ownership of MSMEs. Thus, for MSME sector as a whole, male owned 86.28% of enterprises as compared to 13.72% owned by female. There is no significant deviation in this pattern in urban and rural areas, although the dominance of man-managed enterprises is slightly more pronounced in urban areas as compared to rural areas (85.55% as compared to 84.73%). Table 3.5 Type of Enterprise-Wise Entrepreneurship Profile (Numbers in Thousands) Enterprise Code Type of enterprise Number of Enterprises Owned by Female Male Total 01 Micro Small Medium Total Table 3.6 Nature of Activity-Wise Entrepreneurship Profile (Numbers in Thousands) Activity Code Type of enterprise Number of Enterprises Owned by Female Male Total 01 Manufacturing Services Repairing & Maintenance Total Table 3.7 Nature of Operation-Wise Entrepreneurship Profile (Numbers in Thousands) Operation Code Nature of Operation Number of Enterprises Owned by Female Male Total 01 Perennial Seasonal Casual Total

14 Table 3.8 Distribution of Principal characteristics by type of Entrepreneurship (Value in Thousand Crore) Types of Entrepren eurship No. of Working enterprise (Thousa.) Employment (Thousand) Original Value of P & M Market Value of Fixed Assets Gross Output Total Input GVA Export Net Worth Female Male Total Table 3.9 State-Wise Distribution of Working Enterprises by Type of Entrepreneurs S.No State/UT Name Micro Small Medium Total 1. Tamil Nadu Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Kerala Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Rajasthan Bihar Punjab Andhra Pradesh West Bengal Haryana Uttarakhand Chhattisgarh Assam Orissa Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Manipur Delhi Mizoram

15 24. Meghalaya Goa Dadra & Nagar Haveli Puducherry Tripura Nagaland Chandigarh Andaman & Nicobar Ils Daman & Diu Arunachal Pradesh Sikkim Lakhwadeep All India Tamil Nadu, with 3.34 lakh enterprises, accounted for the highest number of MSMEs in the country closely followed by Gujarat (2.30 lakh MSMEs). Each of these states had a share of almost 15% of the total number of enterprises in the country. First four states, in descending order of number of MSMEs, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Kerala, accounted for more than 50% of the MSMEs in country. In terms of number of working units, ten States, viz., Tamil Nadu (14.95%), Gujarat (14.70%), Uttar Pradesh (12.00%), Kerala (9.60%), Karnataka (8.71%), Madhya Pradesh (6.84%), Maharashtra (5.54%), Rajasthan (3.51%), Bihar (3.20%) and Punjab (3.08%) had a share of 82.13%. Tamil Nadu, with lakh of enterprises, is not only the state with highest no. of enterprises, but also has the distinction of generating highest number of employment in MSME sector of the country. The State accounts for 15.32% of total employment generated by MSME sector in the country followed by Gujarat and Maharashtra with 13.37% and 11.70% share, respectively. Maharashtra, with Rs.1,10,705 crore worth of production, accounting for 15.65% of the total production in the MSME sector, occupies top position in terms of volume of output in the country followed by Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in that order. It may be mentioned that although Maharashtra accounts for the highest share of output in MSME 99

16 sector (15.65%), it has a relatively lower share in total number of enterprises (5.54%). This is a pointer to the fact that the composition of enterprises is more skewed in favor of relatively large-sized enterprises in the state. Table 3.10 State-Wise Distribution of Working Enterprises by Gender of Entrepreneurs State/UT Code State/UT Name Number of Enterprise Owned by (No. in thousands) Female Male Total 01 Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Punjab Chandigarh Uttarakhand Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Manipur Mizoram Tripura Meghalaya Assam West Bengal Jharkhand Orissa Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Daman & Diu Dadra & Nagar Haveli Maharashtra

17 28 Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Goa Lakhwadeep Kerala Tamil Nadu Puducherry Andaman & Nicobar Ils All India Source: - Final Report of the Fourth All India Census of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises : Registered Sector ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR WOMEN ROLE OF THE MINISTRY The role of the M/o MSME is primarily to assist the States/Union Territories in their efforts to promote growth and development of MSMEs. The main focus of the schemes/ programmes undertaken by the Organisations of the Ministry is thus to provide/facilitate a wide range of services and programmes required for accelerating the development of MSMEs. Nevertheless, there are a few schemes/programmes which are individual/ beneficiary oriented. While, there are several schemes, wherein women are provided extra benefits/concessions/assistance, M/o MSME is implementing two specific schemes for women i.e. the scheme of TREAD and Mahila Coir Yojana. The details of concessions for women may be seen in the respective scheme guidelines as available on the Ministry s website The details of TREAD and Mahila Coir Yojana are explained in the following paragraphs. TRAINING OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS The policies of the Government announced from time to time have laid considerable emphasis on promotion of women entrepreneurship particularly among first generation women through various training and support services. Special attention is given by organizing exclusive Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs) for women. 101

18 NIESBUD, Noida: In accordance with the policy directions/guidelines of the Government of India for accelerating the spread of entrepreneurial culture among women, the Institute continued with its activities having focus on this target group and encouraged women candidates for participation in its different activities like Workshops, Entrepreneurship cum Skill Development Programmes, Management Development Programme etc. In this manner, the Institute provided training to 2,786 women participants through its different training activities during the period. NI-MSME, Hyderabad: During the year (up to December 2012), the Institute has provided training to 2,598 women under various training programmes. IIE, Guwahati: During the year (up to December, 2012), the Institute has provided training to 16,668 women. These included women from rural areas and the training programmes covered all kinds of entrepreneurial development programmes. NSIC: During the year (up to December, 2012), NSIC has provided training to 23,319 women under various training programmes. TRADE RELATED ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASSISTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT (TREAD) SCHEME FOR WOMEN The scheme envisaged economic empowerment of women through the development of their entrepreneurial skills in non-farm activities. There are three major components of the scheme; (i) Government s grant up to 30% of the total project cost to the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) for promoting entrepreneurship among women. The remaining 70% of the project cost is financed by the lending agency as loan for undertaking activities as envisaged in the project. (ii) Government s grant upto Rs.1 lakh per programme to training institutions / NGOs for imparting training to the women entrepreneurs subject to such institutions/ NGOs contribute their share to extent of minimum 25 % of the GOI grant and 10 % in case of NER. (iii) Need-based Government s grants upto Rs.5.00 lakh to National Entrepreneurship Development Institutions and any other institutions of repute for undertaking field surveys, research studies, evaluation studies, designing of training modules etc. 102

19 Upto December 2012, GOI grant of Rs lakh has been given to 9 NGOs for the economic empowerment of 2374 women against the loan of Rs lakh sanctioned by the banks. Steering Committee has approved the proposals for providing Government s grant of Rs lakh to 5 NGOs for benefiting 9855 women against the loan of Rs lakh sanctioned by banks. GOI grant of Rs lakh will be given to one reputed EDI for conducting Entrepreneurship Skill Development Programme for providing training to 600 SC/ST women. The GOI grant is likely to be released shortly. ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES FOR WOMEN IN ARI SECTOR While implementing various schemes of this Ministry efforts are made to ensure adequate participation of women in them. In addition, the Coir Board is implementing the Mahila Coir Yojana which is a women oriented self-employment programme. Under this programme women are provided training and ratts for carrying out spinning activity and increasing their earnings. The details of the benefits available to women entrepreneurs under these programmes and also their participation in terms of numbers and subsidy provided are mentioned in the following paragraphs. PRIME MINISTER S EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME AND WOMEN Relaxation is provided to women beneficiaries under Prime Minister s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) launched in , such as: (i) For urban women beneficiaries, margin money subsidy is provided at the rate of 25 per cent of the project cost while it is 35 per cent for women in rural areas. (ii) In case of women entrepreneurs, beneficiary s contribution is 5 per cent of the project cost while in the case of others; it is 10 per cent of the project cost. (iii) Bank finance in the form of loan is 95 per cent of the project cost in case of women and other weaker section borrowers and 90 per cent of the project cost in case of others. 103

20 MAHILA COIR YOJANA It is the first women oriented self employment scheme launched in the coir industry in November 1994 which provides self employment opportunities to the rural women artisans in regions producing coir fiber. The Scheme envisages distribution of motorized ratts for spinning coir yarn to women artisans after giving training. One artisan per household is eligible to receive assistance under the scheme. Women spinners are trained for two months in spinning coir yarn on motorized ratt at the Coir Board s Training Centers. A stipend of Rs. 500/- was earlier paid to the trainees which has been raised to Rs. 750/- per month from Coir Board provides motorized ratts/motorized traditional ratts at 75% cost subsidy subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs. 7,500/- for motorized ratts and Rs. 3200/- for motorized traditional ratts. The remaining 25% has to be raised by the beneficiary. Success of the schemes will lie in how we are able to converge the advantages and knowledge of various stakeholders. The idea is to provide a platform on which multiple stakeholders can work together and address the issue of gender gap in entrepreneurship. 104

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