Strengthen Public Sector Pensions By Helping All Workers Get Retirement Accounts. Teresa Ghilarducci Professor of Economics
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1 Strengthen Public Sector Pensions By Helping All Workers Get Retirement Accounts Teresa Ghilarducci Professor of Economics
2 Nearly Half of American Workers Have No Retirement Plan Current Population Survey , March Supplement
3 States with the Largest Change Percent Change State Georgia % New Jersey % Texas % Tennessee % Michigan % Florida % Missouri % New Mexico % Louisiana % Arizona % Arkansas % Kentucky % South Carolina % District of Columbia %
4 States with the highest share of uncovered workers in 2010 Source: Current Population Survey March Supplement
5 States With the Most Workers Without Plans
6 The Falling Coverage in the Private Sector is a Political Problem 81% believe that people cannot successfully save on their own for retirement. 82% believe it is getting harder to save for retirement 83% have a favorable view of defined benefit pension plans. Source: Pension and Retirement Security 2013, National Institute on Retirement Security
7 Criteria 1 CONTRIBUTIONS A mandatory system to achieve consistent contributions of at least 5% of pay. A mandatory system does not expensive tax breaks.
8 DC Plans More Expensive NIRS Report NIRS Bigger Bang or the Buck Overinsure for Longevity -- 15% Less Diverse Portfolio -- 5% Higher Fees 26% For a $27,000 annual annuity: DCs plan requires $354,000 and DB $549,903
9 Criteria 2 INVESTMENTS Pooled investments have best chance of achieving low-risk, long-term gains. Economies of scale Minimum risk
10 Criteria 3 BENEFITS AT RETIREMENT Balance is converted to income stream Funds cannot be withdrawn before retirement.
11 Risks of the 401(K) Market - Financial Crash Longevity Live too Long Investment Portfolio Contribution Inadequate and Inconsistent Leakage -- Fees and Preretirement Spending
12 The Falling Coverage in the Private Sector is a Political Problem 81% believe that people cannot successfully save on their own for retirement. 82% believe it is getting harder to save for retirement 83% have a favorable view of defined benefit pension plans. Source: Pension and Retirement Security 2013, National Institute on Retirement Security
13 Some Policy Issues Are Hard
14 Designing a Good Pension System in Not Hard Need Adequate And Consistent Contributions Need Efficient Investment Performance Need Stream of Income in Retirement
15 Criteria 1 CONTRIBUTIONS A mandatory system to achieve consistent contributions of at least 5% of pay. A mandatory system does not need incentives
16 Criteria 2 INVESTMENTS Pooled investments have best chance of achieving low-risk, long-term gains. Economies of scale Minimum risk
17 Criteria 3 BENEFITS AT RETIREMENT Balance is converted to income stream Funds cannot be withdrawn before retirement.
18 Comparing Popular Pension Designs (Source: 401(k) CONTRIBUTIONS No SAFE INVESTMENTS No LIFE TIME PAYOUTS No
19 Comparing Popular Pension Designs (Source: 401(k) Auto IRA GRAs CONTRIBUTIONS No Almost Yes SAFE INVESTMENTS No Yes Yes LIFE TIME PAYOUTS No No Yes
20 Characteristics of a Good Pension System California CONTRIBUTIONS Consistent Employees can opt-out. out. SAFE INVESTMENTS Pooled assets, efficiently administered PAYOUT Annuitized at retirement Explores safe public options for investment. Under study.
21 Characteristics of a Good Pension System California Connecticut CONTRIBUTIONS Consistent Employees can opt-out. Explore ways to incentivize retirement savings. SAFE INVESTMENTS Pooled assets, efficiently administered PAYOUT Annuitized at retirement Explores safe public options for investment. Under study. Not under study. Current status of retirement income under study.
22 Characteristics of a Good Pension System California Connecticut Oregon CONTRIBUTIONS Employees can opt-out. Explore ways to incentivize retirement savings. Not specified. SAFE INVESTMENTS Explores safe public options for investment. Not under study. Under study. PAYOUT Under study. Current status of retirement income under study. Under study.
23 California Plan: Current status 23 SB 1234 Signed by Governor Brown 9/28/2012. Investment Board established with nine members Focus on ensuring no cost and no liability. Feasibility study by 2015
24 24 Other states with or considering public pension options for private workers:
25 Who Wins With A Public Option? Most Everyone! Workers and employers with pensions and 401(k)s will find it easier to ensure adequate retirement savings. Workers without pensions. Financial firms manage more savings. States will need to provide fewer public services to retirees in need.
26 States with the Largest Change Percent Change State Georgia % New Jersey % Texas % Tennessee % Michigan % Florida % Missouri % New Mexico % Louisiana % Arizona % Arkansas %
27 THE END Public Pension Systems Could Help Private Sector Workers Save For Retirement
28 28 The California Example: Incubator for other state programs
29 Characteristics of a Good Pension System California Connecticut Oregon CONTRIBUTIONS Consistent Employees can opt-out. Explore ways to incentivize retirement savings. Not specified. SAFE INVESTMENTS Pooled assets, efficiently administered Explores safe public options for investment. Not under study. Under study. PAYOUT Annuitized at retirement Under study. Current status of retirement income under study. Under study.
30 Connecticut in Detail House Bill 5313, passed 5/1/2012 Establishes a task force to evaluate the need for and the utility of creating a public retirement plan. Examine current state of access to retirement plans and savings levels in current system. Explore opportunities for the state to encourage residents to save for retirement.
31 Oregon in Detail House Bill 3436, 2013 passed 8/1/2013. Establishes the Oregon Retirement Savings Task Force. Estimate the average amount of savings and financial resources that residents have upon retirement. Develop recommendations for increasing the percentage of Oregonians saving for retirement or enrolled in a retirement plan, and for increasing the amount of savings. Report due September 1, 2014.
32 Illinois in Detail SB 1844, hearings adjourned 1/8/2013. Creates the Illinois Automatic IRA Program Act. Allows eligible employees to invest a percentage of wages into an IRA trust fund administered by State Treasurer s office. Limits State and employer liability. Hearings adjourned indefinitely.
33 Massachusetts in Detail HB 3754, 2012 Signed 3/22/2012. Implements a plan for the State Treasurer to research current retirement program available to not-for-profit employees. The treasurer may sponsor a defined contribution plan for these workers. HB 1194, 2012 Accompanied Study Order 9/17/2012. Legislature finds that small and medium sized business find it difficult to offer retirement plans. Recommends a Massachusetts voluntary retirement accounts program to provide a simple and cost effective way for employers to sponsor plans for their employees.
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