Research Team. Additional information available at

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3 Research Team UW-Green Bay Center fr Public Affairs Dr. Lra Warner Dr. Aarn Weinschenk Dr. David Helpap Dr. Jenell Hlstead Student Research Assistants: Gretchen Klefstad, Hanna Mierw, MacKenzie Wink, Michelle McChesney St. Nrbert Cllege Strategic Research Institute Dr. Jamie Lynch, Executive Directr Craig Stencel, Directr f Operatins Keri Pietsch, Research Crdinatr Additinal infrmatin available at Steering Cmmittee Amber Paluch, Prject Manager, Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin David Pamperin, Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin Sarah Inman, Brwn Cunty United Way Greg Maass, Brwn Cunty United Way Laurie Radke, Greater Green Bay Chamber Jayme Sellen, Greater Green Bay Chamber Cmmunicatins Cmmittee Jayme Sellen, Chair, Greater Green Bay Chamber Annie Dart, Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin Andria Hannula, Brwn Cunty United Way Cmmunity Advisry Cuncil Martha Ahrendt, Cnnectins fr Mental Wellness Devn Christiansn, Brwn Cunty Aging & Disability Resurce Center Rashad Cbb, Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin Brian Danzinger, Cmmunity Vlunteer Evita Erdmann, Family Services f Nrtheast Wiscnsin Pete Frank, Green Bay Press-Gazette Bbbi Giles, St. Mary's Hspital Medical Center Tm Hedge, Schreiber Fds Tm Hinz, Retired Brwn Cunty Executive Pat Hpkins, Imaginasium, Inc. Mark Kasper, Amerhart, Inc. Nathan King, Oneida Natin Tny Klaubauf, Denmark Schl District Ryan Krumrie, Hager, Dewick & Zuengler, S.C. Damian LaCrix, Hward-Suamic Schl District Michelle Langenfeld, Green Bay Area Public Schls David Lasee, Brwn Cunty District Attrney Jeff Mirkes, Dwntwn Green Bay, Inc. Erik Pritzl, Brwn Cunty Human Services Jeff Rafn, Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege Hectr Rdriguez, Keller Williams Tm Schumacher, Services Plus, Inc. Try Streckenbach, Brwn Cunty Executive Brad Tll, Greater Green Bay Cnventin & Visitrs Bureau Mike Walsh, Mayr f De Pere Mark Walter, Brwn Cunty Prt & Resurce Recvery Cver Design by: Jng Vang The Spnsrs f the the Brwn Cunty LIFE Study wuld like t acknwledge Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege fr their in-kind publicatin f this reprt.

4 Table f Cntents Purpse and Opprtunity...1 LIFE f Arts & Culture...13 LIFE in Our Cmmunity...21 A Healthy LIFE...35 LIFE at Hme...49 LIFE f Learning...59 LIFE in Our Natural Envirnment...75 LIFE f Recreatin and Leisure...85 A Safe LIFE...95 LIFE f Self-Sufficiency LIFE at Wrk...115

5 LIFE Study P u r p s e a n d O p p r t u n i t y Vibrant cmmunities thrive when peple frm all sectrs are knwledgeable and infrmed abut the cmmunity as a whle and are willing t cntribute t its prgress. The Leading Indicatrs fr Excellence (LIFE) Study, spnsred by the Brwn Cunty United Way, the Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin, and the Greater Green Bay Chamber, is a tl fr this wrk. By prviding an assessment f the quality f life in Brwn Cunty, leaders and residents can find cmmn grund and align resurces t advance cmmunity gals. The purpse f the LIFE Study is t measure prgress using leading indicatrs f measurement fr 10 sectrs f life in the cmmunity; identify areas f cncern and issues the cmmunity can address; and prvide secndary data and cmmunity member perceptins fr analysis purpses. The study becmes even mre meaningful if it fsters cmmunity cnversatins that help align and allcate resurces t better the cmmunity and achieve greater impact. The study ffers a cmprehensive, timely synpsis f data, surveys, and expert analysis n key areas f cmmunity health frm a wide variety f bjective, reputable, riginal and published surces. The 2016 Study, a successr t the 2011 LIFE Study, is a cntinuatin f a cncerted effrt t build a base f knwledge abut ur cmmunity and measure its prgress ver time. The 2016 Brwn Cunty LIFE Study includes many indicatrs explred in the 2011 LIFE Study, allwing the cmmunity t benchmark itself n prgress. It als incrprates new indicatrs that prvide additinal insight int the quality f life in Brwn Cunty. The 2011 LIFE Study has remained a dynamic and pwerful resurce ver the past five years, serving as a catalyst fr cmmunity initiatives acrss sectrs and infrming the wrk f nnprfits and their apprach t serving the cmmunity. The leading indicatrs reprt n prgress achieved in all 10 sectrs f the Brwn Cunty cmmunity. A number f significant larger-scale initiatives fllwed the release f the 2011 LIFE Study, including the fllwing: A Brwn Cunty Visin 2020 cnference hsted by the Bay Area Cmmunity Cuncil that subsequently cnvened discussin grups arund the majr tpic areas. Achieve Brwn Cunty, a cradle-t-career initiative that rallies its effrts arund critical indicatrs f success. The Brwn Cunty Child Abuse and Neglect Task Frce, which develped a cmmunity plan t reduce and ultimately prevent child maltreatment. An 18-mnth reginal initiative t use quality imprvement science t address rt causes f pverty in Nrtheastern Wiscnsin called the Pverty Outcmes and Imprvement Netwrk Team (POINT). A new Field f Interest fund at the Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin t supprt Arts and Culture. An impact strategy develped by The Wmen s Fund, a fund f the Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin, t supprt girls ages Cnnectins fr Mental Wellness, a cllabratin t create better access and an imprved system; decrease stigma f mental illness; create a healthier cmmunity; and increase funding fr cmmunity mental health services. The LIFE Study paints a brad picture f the cmmunity frm different angles and presents selected key data. This research prvides insight int the assets and challenges f the cmmunity but nt slutins t its needs: The spnsrs have nt ffered recmmendatins t addressing issues presented in the study but have identified leading indicatrs t help the cmmunity measure prgress. Nw, it s up t the cmmunity t use this infrmatin t cntinue t impact the quality f life here. 1

6 Brwn C u nty D emgraphics Census Estimates Characteristic Value Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 8.3% White (nt Hispanic) 81.8% Black/African American 2.4% American Indian 2.5% Asian 3.2% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.04% Mre than 2 races 1.9% Unemplyment Rate 4.1% Pverty Rate 12.4% Median Husehld Incme $53,392 Bachelr s Degree r Higher 28.3% Has Health Insurance 92.6% Has a Disability 11.6% Median Rent $696 Median Hme Sale Price $151,000 Surce: U.S. Census Bureau, Brwn Cunty LIFE Study

7 Map f Brwn Cunty, Wiscnsin Brwn Cunty LIFE Study 3

8 Ppulatin f Brwn Cunty Municipalities Ppulatin Estimates Municipality Census 2010 Census 2015 Percentage Change City f Green Bay 104, , % City f De Pere 23,800 24, % Village f Hward 17,399 18, % Village f Pulaski 3,539 3, % Village f Suamic 11,346 11, % Village f Alluez 13,975 13, % Village f Ashwaubenn 16,963 16, % Village f Bellevue 14,570 15, % Village f Denmark 2,123 2, % Village f Hbart 6,182 7, % Twn f Green Bay 2,035 2, % Twn f Ledgeview 6,555 7, % Twn f Wrightstwn 2,221 2, % Twn f Eatn 1,508 1, % Twn f Rckland 1,734 1, % Twn f Lawrence 4,284 4, % Twn f Sctt 3,545 3, % Twn f Glenmre 1,135 1, % Twn f Hlland 1,519 1, % Twn f Humbldt 1,311 1, % Twn f Mrrisn 1,599 1, % Twn f New Denmark 1,541 1, % Twn f Pittsfield 2,608 2, % Brwn Cunty 248, , % Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Administratin 4 Brwn Cunty LIFE Study

9 Overall Satisfactin with Quality f Life LIFE Study Survey Data Satisfactin with Quality f Life in the Brwn Cunty Area 1=Very Dissatisfied, 10=Very Satisfied Cmmunity Leader Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity & Leader Surveys Overview: Members f the cmmunity and cmmunity leaders were asked t rate the quality f life in Brwn Cunty n a 1-10 scale, where 10 crrespnds t the highest level f satisfactin. This questin was asked in bth 2011 and Amng cmmunity members and leaders, perceptins f the quality f life imprved frm 2011 t In 2011, the average level f satisfactin with the quality f life was 7.88 amng cmmunity members. In 2016, that number increased t It is wrth nting that an increase f 0.36 frm 2011 t 2016 is quite large given that the scale runs frm 1 t 10. Amng cmmunity leaders, perceptins abut the quality f life imprved as well. In 2011, the average rating amng cmmunity leaders was 8.22, and in 2016 that number increased t Again, an increase f 0.26 frm 2011 t 2016 is fairly large given the scale. Brwn Cunty LIFE Study 5

10 Pririties f Leaders LIFE Study Survey Data Please Indicate Whether Leaders Shuld Place a Lw r High Pririty n Each f the Fllwing Issues. Increase jbs that pay higher wages Strengthening the educatin system at all levels Attract and retain yung prfessinals Address issues f pverty Prmte wrkfrce develpment fr yung prfessinals Create a cmmunity that is inclusive Strengthening infrastructure Cllabratin between private and ther sectrs Preserve the natural envirnment Prmte healthy lifestyles Assist persns with lw incme t meet basic needs Cllabratin between reginal partners Prtect public safety Ensure healthy develpment fr yuth Meet the needs f the elderly Expanding husing pprtunities fr lw incme residents Supprt arts, cultural, and entertainment activities 63% 55% 43% 39% 39% 38% 37% 35% 35% 31% 31% 29% 28% 27% 25% 22% 15% 47% 52% 51% 46% 50% 50% 53% 52% 54% 53% 55% 61% 60% 57% 67% 38% 35% 2% 7% 9% 8% 9% 15% 12% 14% 12% 17% 14% 16% 17% 11% 12% 18% 18% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Highest Pririty Mderate Pririty Lwer Pririty Nt Sure Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader Survey Overview: A number f issues were seen as very high pririties amng cmmunity leaders in the 2016 LIFE Study survey. Sixty-three percent f cmmunity leaders said increasing jbs that pay higher wages shuld be a high pririty; 35% f leaders said this shuld be a mderate pririty. Fifty-five percent f cmmunity leaders said strengthening the educatin system at all levels shuld be a high pririty; an additinal 38% f leaders cnsidered it a mderate pririty. Attracting and retaining yung prfessinals als garnered attentin: 43% f leaders said this shuld be a high pririty, and 47% said it shuld be a mderate pririty. Addressing issues f pverty was als seen as imprtant by many cmmunity leaders, with 39% f leaders saying this shuld be a high pririty, and 52% saying it shuld be a mderate pririty. Brwn Cunty LIFE Study 6

11 Cmpnents f the Study The fllwing surces, wven tgether within each sectin, cmprise the data: Cmmunity Survey f randmly sampled cmmunity members f Brwn Cunty (with a cnfidence interval f + r 4.5%, respnse rate 20%). The survey was mailed and ffered electrnically nline. It was cnducted by St. Nrbert Cllege s Strategic Research Institute. In additin t the 2016 cmmunity survey, surveys were administered in Spanish and Hmng t small samples within the cmmunity. Althugh the cmmunity survey was generalizable t the Brwn Cunty ppulatin (due the sampling methdlgy that was emplyed), the Spanish and Hmng language survey results cannt be used t generalize t all Spanish and Hmng speaking residents in the cmmunity. The surveys were administered t a small number f respndents and the surveys were based n cnvenience samples, which means that respndents were nt randmly selected. Thus, the results f the Spanish and Hmng surveys shuld be interpreted with cautin and prvide nly a preliminary lk at the pinins f these grups. Leader Survey f area leaders representing gvernment, faith, business, media, nnprfits and fundatins, health care, educatin, and the cmmunity at large. The survey was sent t a selected sample that included members f nnprfit bards f directrs, elected and civic leaders, CEOs, and thers. The survey was cnducted by St. Nrbert Cllege s Strategic Research Institute. Prvider Statistics requested frm selected nnprfit and public rganizatins. The utilizatin statistics f these rganizatins were requested in rder t understand the needs cmmunity members experienced. Published Data frm reliable secndary surces such as Wiscnsin state gvernment agencies, the U.S. Census, city and cunty gvernments, Centers fr Disease Cntrl, and ther reputable and bjective surces. U.S. Census Datasets: Estimates frm a variety f Census datasets, such as the American Cmmunity Survey (ACS), were used. When available, data frm multiple years was included s trends culd be examined. Interviews with LIFE Study tpic experts (planning departments, envirnmental analysts, educatrs, nnprfit experts, business statisticians, and thers). When apprpriate, rates rather than actual number f cases r reprts were used t adjust fr the size f the ppulatin and changes ver time. Occasinally, a surce s data reprting methds changed since the 2011 LIFE Study, which is nted where applicable. When cmparing tw data pints frm different gegraphic areas r time perids, it is imprtant t keep in mind that the bserved differences may be due t sampling and may nt be statistically significant. Hwever, large differences, althugh nt statistically significant, are still imprtant t investigate. Brwn Cunty LIFE Study 7

12 Overview Data Selectin The use f data in the 2016 LIFE Study is based n the fllwing factrs: Related t imprtant cmmunity cnditins Useful fr actin Reliable surce Recent and histrical Lcal, state, and natinal Available in the future Highlights f the 2016 LIFE Study Cmprehensive synpsis f published data, surveys, fcus grups, and expert sectr panels Timely trend data Highlighting f leading indicatrs Infrmatin frm a wide variety f bjective, reputable, riginal and published surces Cunty-specific data cmpared t state and natinal rates Links t imprtant websites used fr surces User-friendly frmat Leading Indicatrs: Selectin and Use A leading indicatr is an imprtant data pint r marker that can prvide measurement f prgress related t a cmmunity cnditin. The 2016 LIFE Study has identified certain data that reflect key cnditins in the cmmunity and labeled them leading indicatrs. In sme cases, leading indicatrs refer t a data pint that might be predictive, r leading in that sense. In ther cases, data chsen as leading indicatrs are infrmatin that is a significant (r leading) marker f prgress in a categry (r lack f prgress). Each leading indicatr must meet high standards: quality, availability, and understandability. The set f leading indicatrs can be thught f as a dashbard. Leading indicatrs were chsen by first reviewing the best practices f ther cmmunities (acrss the wrld) that are measuring perfrmance indicatrs. As data were cllected fr the study, certain data began t emerge as imprtant measures f vital aspects f the cmmunity. In each sectr expert panel, input and suggestins were asked abut which data might be a strng marker f cnditins within that sectr. Based n all f these factrs, LIFE Study cnsultants and the Steering Cmmittee chse a final set f leading indicatrs fr Brwn Cunty. Each indicatr was assessed t determine hw well the cmmunity did in that area. Based n the data analysis and interpretatin, scres were assigned alng tw dimensins fr each leading indicatr that is presented n each chapter cver page. Current Status: Hw well is the cmmunity ding n this indicatr cmpared t average rates r ther lcatins? Trend: What is the trend shwing? In which directin has the cmmunity been heading in recent years? Fr bth ratings, the fllwing rating scheme was used: rgd w Fair spr ---Nt Rated 8 Brwn Cunty LIFE Study

13 Leading Indicatrs Leading Indicatr Descriptin: A leading indicatr is an imprtant data pint r marker that can prvide measurement f prgress related t a cmmunity cnditin. The 2016 LIFE Study has identified data that reflect key cnditins in the cmmunity, which are called Leading Indicatrs. In sme cases, leading indicatrs represent data that might be predictive r leading in that sense. In ther cases, leading indicatrs cntain infrmatin that is a significant (r leading) marker f prgress (r lack f prgress). Each leading indicatr must meet a number f standards: quality, availability, and understandability. LIFE f Arts and Culture Annual Tickets Sld at Nnprfit Arts Organizatins Revenues f Arts-Related Charities Emplyment in Arts-Related Field LIFE in Our Cmmunity Vter Participatin Rates Uncntested Seats in Cunty Supervisr Electins Number f Neighbrhd Organizatins A Healthy LIFE Cunty Health Rankings Child Pverty Rate Births t Mthers wh Obtained Prenatal Care Percent f Adults Binge Drinking in the Past Mnth Percent f Adults wh are Obese r Overweight LIFE at Hme Annual Childcare Csts per Median Family Incme Older Adult Pverty Rate Percent f Births t Mthers with less than High Schl Educatin LIFE f Learning Attendance Rates f Fifth-grade Students Reading Prficiency f Third-grade Students Math Achievement by Eighth-grade Students High Schl Graduatin Rate Library Circulatin per Capita LIFE in Our Natural Envirnment Percent f Gd Air Quality Days Miles f Impaired Surface Waters LIFE f Recreatin and Leisure Miles f Bike and Hiking Trails Park Acreage Ttal Estimated Annual Expenditures Made by Visitrs A Safe LIFE Rate f Child Abuse r Neglect Reprts Juvenile Arrest Rate Rate f Reprted Dmestic Vilence Incidents Vilent and Prperty Crime Rates Alchl-related Crashes and Deaths LIFE f Self-Sufficiency Percent f Husehlds that are Cst Burdened Number f FdShare Recipients Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Rates f Public Schls LIFE at Wrk Cst f Living Index Incme Distributin Emplyment in Manufacturing Sectr Unemplyment Rate Dllar Value f Building Permits Brwn Cunty LIFE Study 9

14 Snapsht f Key Findings Sectr Prgress Cncerns LIFE f Arts and Culture LIFE in Our Cmmunity Psitive ratings fr arts and cultural pprtunities Increased revenue in lcal arts and cultural rganizatins in recent years Ppulatin grwth High levels f civic invlvement Strng financial health reprted amng lcal nnprfits Cncern abut arts and cultural pprtunities fr yuth Cnstant pressure n arts and cultural rganizatins t fundraise Perceptins abut being able t impact decisins f cmmunity leaders Perceptins abut the impact f grwing diversity Representatin f wmen in lcal gvernment A Healthy LIFE Decline in teen birth rate since 2010 Decrease in the hspitalizatin rate due t alchl r drugs Health care quality rated very psitively Child pverty rate has remained high in Brwn Cunty Large prtins f the ppulatin are verweight r bese Cncern abut prmting respnsible alchl use by residents LIFE at Hme Psitive rating fr Brwn Cunty as a place fr peple with disabilities Psitive rating fr Brwn Cunty as a place that cares fr vulnerable ppulatins Sizeable number f peple reprted being unable t btain affrdable child care Death rate due t Alzheimer's disease exceeded the state average LIFE f Learning Imprved ACT scres and high schl graduatin Mre adults in the cmmunity with experience with higher educatin Psitive view f quality f educatinal pprtunities in Brwn Cunty Mre prnunced achievement gap in Brwn Cunty cmpared t the state Cncern abut the disprprtinate suspensins f minrity students Rising csts f higher educatin 10 LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment LIFE f Recreatin and Leisure A Safe LIFE LIFE f Self-Sufficiency LIFE at Wrk Psitive rating fr the quality f the natural envirnment Psitive rating fr the quality f drinking water Number f days with gd quality air increased frm 2014 t 2015 Overwhelmingly psitive assessments f recreatin and leisure pprtunities Increase in direct visitr spending ver time Variety f sprting events Decline in crime rates thrugh 2014 Psitive rating fr lcal law enfrcement Lcal schls seen as safe Increase in median hme prices Decline in the number f hme freclsures Decline in unemplyment rate Cst f living remains lw Diverse lcal ecnmy Public supprt fr revitalizatin effrts Brwn Cunty LIFE Study Cncern abut the extent t which the area addresses emerging envirnmental issues Cncern abut the quality f rivers and lakes Number f peple cmmuting t wrk alne remains high and has increased slightly Cncern the lcal wrkfrce can t keep pace with grwth in turism in the cming years Cncern amng cmmunity leaders abut dmestic abuse and vilence at hme Juvenile arrest rate higher than state average Husing cst burden Increase in the number f children identified as hmeless in lcal public schls Disparities in hunger by incme level Little imprvement t pverty rate ver time Wages lwer than the state average within sme sectrs f the ecnmy Need t cntinue t innvate t ensure ecnmic grwth and develpment

15 Brwn Cunty Strengths Strengths Bradly Recgnized Assets f Brwn Cunty Quality f Educatin Educatin system viewed very psitively by surveyed cmmunity members and leaders Turism Grwth in direct visitr spending Variety f amenities fr turists Entertainment Opprtunities Variety f new and affrdable events fr the public Safety in the Cmmunity Brwn Cunty widely viewed as a safe cmmunity by cmmunity members and leaders Decline in crime rates Affrdability Cst f living has remained lw relative t the U.S. average Civic Invlvement High levels f civic participatin by cmmunity members Outdr Recreatin Place fr Children and Families Health Care Diversity f amenities and activities fr residents t enjy Psitive assessments f recreatin and leisure activities by cmmunity members Brwn Cunty widely viewed as an excellent place fr children and families by surveyed cmmunity members and leaders Quality f lcal health care is rated very psitively by cmmunity members Ecnmic Develpment Cmmunity and leader supprt fr ecnmic develpment and revitalizatin Variety f new prjects underway that will attract turists and spur ecnmic grwth Brwn Cunty LIFE Study 11

16 Brwn Cunty Opprtunities fr Imprvement Opprtunity Area Issues t Cnsider Health Care Unhealthy Lifestyles Ecnmy Self-Sufficiency Disparities in health insurance cverage by race/ethnicity Disparities in lw birthweight births and late prenatal care by race/ethnicity High rates f besity and verweight status The prmtin f respnsible alchl use Rates f binge drinking much higher than the natinal average Hw t attract and maintain high-paying jbs Retentin f yung prfessinals in the area Ensuring a match between area jbs and educatin/training pprtunities Differences in hmewnership rates by race/ethnicity Increased number f hmeless students identified in public schls Disparities in cncerns abut hunger by incme level Cncerns amng surveyed cmmunity members and leaders abut meeting the verall needs f the pr Large differences in pverty rates by race/ethnicity Differences in the sense f financial stability by race/ethnicity Inclusiveness f the Cmmunity Water and Air Quality Plitical Efficacy and Participatin Supprt fr Children Educatin Belief by abut ne-third f surveyed cmmunity members that the grwing diversity was having a negative impact Divergence in the views f surveyed cmmunity members and leaders abut the impact f diversity and the extent t which Brwn Cunty was a gd place fr peple f diverse cultural backgrunds Surveyed cmmunity members are cncerned abut the extent t which the area has been addressing emerging envirnmental issues Mixed views by surveyed cmmunity members abut the quality f rivers and lakes in Brwn Cunty Majrity f surveyed cmmunity members did nt believe they culd impact the decisins f cmmunity leaders Gap in plitical representatin f wmen n the Cunty Bard Lack f electral cmpetitin in cunty supervisr electins Burdensme csts f child care fr many families Mre arts and cultural pprtunities fr children Disparities in achievement when cmparing race, incme, and disability status Prcedures fr the suspensin f students, as minrity grups were much mre likely t be suspended Brwn Cunty LIFE Study 12

17 LIFE f Arts & Culture LEADING INDICATORS LEADING INDICATORS Pht curtesy f Bys & Girls Club f Green Bay Current Trend w r Tickets sld at arts and cultural rganizatins w r Revenues f arts-related public charities w w Emplyment in arts-related fields rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated ARTS AND CULTURE EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity members experience: Affrdable pprtunities fr music, visual arts, perfrming arts, and humanities as ffered by vibrant arts rganizatins f all sizes and types Opprtunities t develp their wn creative and artistic skills Cmmunity events that bring residents tgether t enjy arts that are culturally rich and diverse A wrkfrce rich with talented, creative, critically thinking individuals A cmmunity in which arts are viewed as integrated int the quality f life, nt as extracurricular activities

18 LIFE f Arts & Cul ture S t a t u s n P r g r e s s At the same time the Great Recessin tk a tll n cmmunity supprt fr arts rganizatins natinwide, high-tech lifestyles drve a great deal f change in hw Americans engage with the arts, bth in creating art and enjying it. While the arts have becme widely accessible and affrdable thrugh new frms f creatin and experience, the shift has led t challenges and pprtunities fr the Brwn Cunty arts sectr. Accrding t the 2016 cmmunity survey, 67% f Brwn Cunty cmmunity members said arts and cultural pprtunities were gd r excellent. Cmmunity leaders held similar views, with 63% rating the availability f arts and cultural pprtunities as gd r excellent. The Brwn Cunty area had sme prmising new artistic develpments. Lcally, the expressin f public art has grwn an indicatr f a cmmunity s artistic vitality. Sculptures, murals, and even clrful flwer gardens adrn municipal streets and buildings. As Green Bay s dwntwn has develped, creative activities have develped as well. A critical mass f nging, stimulating, creative pprtunities led t an emergence f new energy and events. The summer brings ut the best in the vibrant public arts scene, with free cncerts thrughut the area. Aside frm Green Bay s Meyer Theatre, Backstage at the Meyer, Olde Main, CityDeck, and Bradway districts with flurishing arts scenes, surrunding cmmunities ffered creative events such as De Pere s EastWest Music Series, Pulaski s Plka Days, Ashwaubenn s Cncerts in the Park, and weekly farmers markets with live entertainment and sales f artistic creatins. Majr events such as Artstreet and ArtiGras attract artists t the area and enable the cmmunity t experience high-end arts. Sme f the largest perfrming arts rganizatins saw increased ticket sales recently. The Weidner Center fr the Perfrming Arts, Civic Symphny f Green Bay, and Green Bay Btanical Garden have served mre patrns in recent years. The Green Bay Btanical Garden s capital campaign wrked t raise $9 millin fr a new Amphitheatre. In the fall f 2016, the Krc Center's Academy f the Arts began a 30-week Studi Dance prgram in ballet and jazz/hip-hp fr yuth ages T date, there is little data that tells the stry f hw lcal artists and the arts ecnmy cntribute t ur quality f life, but there have been psitive develpments n this frnt. The re-fcusing f the area s arts advcacy rganizatin, Msaic, was gd news lcally. Msaic was the lead agency partnering with Americans fr the Arts (in ne f nly 321 U.S. cities t d s) t study the ecnmic impact f the arts n ur area. The rganizatin has inventried lcal prviders f all frms f arts and develped a strategic plan t enhance the area s appeal. New effrts by lcal nnprfits are engaging yuth in the arts including lw-incme yuth. The Birder Studi partnered with the YMCA After-Schl Prgram t bring perfrming arts int several high-pverty Green Bay elementary schls. In 2014, the Bys & Girls Club f Green Bay was ne f a select grup f clubs natinwide t receive a significant grant frm the Wallace Fundatin t develp innvative, high-quality arts prgramming fr underserved yuth. The Prductin Farm, a new nnprfit established by prfessinal cinematgraphers, wrked with fster yuth t teach filmmaking and urban gardening while building the mtivatin and skills f these at-risk yuth. Accrding t the 2016 cmmunity and leader surveys, 54% f cmmunity members rated the pprtunities fr children and yuth in the arts as gd r excellent, cmpared t 48% f leaders. Ntably, 43% f leaders and 28% f cmmunity members rated arts and cultural pprtunities fr yung peple as fair r pr. As a final nte, the data in this sectin indicate financial health has been returning t nnprfit arts rganizatins in Brwn Cunty. There were 63 arts-related registered public charities in 2015 (501(c)(3) rganizatins filing 990s), with average revenue f $394,653 annually cmpared t an average f $183,451 reprted in Many arts rganizatins, hwever, remain small and lean still greatly challenged t cmpete with larger r fr-prfit rganizatins. Experts with knwledge f arts and culture in Brwn Cunty have reprted ptimism abut the grwing awareness by funders and cmmunity leaders abut the value f the arts t a cmmunity in the brad sense. 14

19 Participatin and Supprt Arts-Related Registered Public Charities In 2015, the Natinal Center fr Charitable Statistics reprted 63 registered 501(c)(3) public charities in the Natinal Taxnmy f Exempt Entities Cde brad categry f Arts, Culture, and Humanities. Sixty-five such rganizatins were listed in In Brwn Cunty, the number f large artsrelated nnprfit rganizatins (filing frm 990) and smaller, nn-filing arts-related nnprfits remained evenly split. Msaic, a lcal rganizatin that advances the arts and creative activity in Green Bay, identified 104 arts-related public and nnprfit rganizatins in Brwn Cunty (including smaller rganizatins that were nt registered with the Internal Revenue Service). Using a smewhat brader definitin f arts-related rganizatins, Msaic included rganizatins such as the Brwn Cunty Veterans Memrial Arena, UW-Green Bay s Lawtn Gallery, Lifelng Learning Institute (frmally Learning in Retirement), Celebrate De Pere, and the Dudley Birder Chrale. Figure 2 Annual Tickets Sld by Majr Nnprfit Venues* A number f significant nnprfit art and cultural venues attracted peple t the area and brught in quality natinal acts. Ntable increases in ticket sales were seen by the Weidner Center and the Green Bay Btanical Garden, which embarked n a capital campaign t raise mney fr an amphitheater. Unfrtunately, the Green Bay Symphny clsed its drs in Due t a change in hw they cunt attendance, data frm the Neville Public Museum was nt available befre Data als were unavailable fr 2015 fr the perfrming arts at St. Nrbert Cllege. Figure 3 Availability f Arts and Cultural Opprtunities Cmmunity members reprted psitive views abut the availability f arts and cultural pprtunities in Brwn Cunty. In 2016, 67% f surveyed cmmunity members said arts and cultural pprtunities were gd r excellent. Similarly, 63% f leaders rated the availability f arts and cultural pprtunities as gd r excellent Figure 2 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Figure Arts-Related Registered Public Charities ,000 68,000 Meyer Theater Ttal Filing 990 Filing 990N Surce: Natinal Center fr Charitable Statistics Annual Tickets Sld by Majr Nnprfit Venues 42,520 Neville Public Museum 28,511 St. Nrbert Cllege Theater 78,500 98,706 Weidner Center Surce: Arts Organizatins 7,940 4,000 Green Bay Symphny The Availability f Arts and Cultural Opprtunities 16,780 78,767 Green Bay Btanical Gardens Leader 63% 37% *Data n utdr arts venues in the area can be fund in the Recreatin and Leisure sectin. Cmmunity 67% 27% 5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys LIFE f Arts & Culture 15

20 Ecnmic Impact and Supprt Table 1 Per-Capita Budget Apprpriatins fr the Arts Accrding t the Natinal Assembly f State Arts Agencies, in 2016 Wiscnsin allcated $0.14 per persn fr the arts, ranking 47 th in the U.S. This level f funding was a decline frm 2011, when Wiscnsin allcated $0.43 per persn and ranked 38 th natinally. Nearby states ffered greater public supprt fr the arts, including Minnesta, where the legislature passed the Legacy Act, which greatly increased funding fr the arts starting in Table 1 State Per-Capita Budget Apprpriatins fr the Arts State Dllars per Capita FY 2016 U.S. Ranking Minnesta $ Michigan $ Illinis $ Indiana $ Iwa $ Wiscnsin $ Surce: Natinal Assembly f State Arts Agencies Msaic was a partner in a natinal Ecnmic Impact Study by Americans fr the Arts. This study, scheduled fr release in 2017, estimates the financial impact f the arts n the Green Bay area. Figure 2 Revenue Per Arts-Related Public Charity The financial perfrmance f large public charity arts rganizatins imprved significantly between 2011 and Of the 63 registered public charities reprted by the Natinal Center fr Charitable Statistics in Brwn Cunty in 2015, the average revenue was $394,653 annually cmpared t an average f $183,451 reprted in Figure 3 Number f Peple Emplyed in the Arts While the U.S. Bureau f Labr Statistics reprted that the number f persns emplyed in arts-related careers remained level between 2011 and 2015, lcal experts advised that typical industry reprts f emplyment within a sectr may nt apply well t the arts sectr. Many artists hld different full-time jbs while pursuing creative activities n a part-time basis. Perceptins f Investing in the Vitality f Arts Opprtunities The 2016 survey f cmmunity leaders and cmmunity members asked respndents t rate the extent t which Brwn Cunty was investing needed resurces t ensure the cntinued viability f arts pprtunities fr residents. Amng leaders, 37% said the area was ding an excellent r gd jb, while 51% said the area was ding a fair r pr jb (13% f leaders said they were nt sure). Amng cmmunity members, 44% said the area was ding an excellent r gd jb, while 36% said the area was ding fair r pr n this issue (20% f cmmunity members said they were nt sure). Figure 2 Thusands f $ Figure 3 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 $450 $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 $183 2,170 2,210 Revenue Per Organizatin Arts-Related Public Charities 501(c)(3) Public Charities Filing 990s, Brwn Cunty $209 $204 Number f Peple Emplyed in the Arts in the Green Bay Area 2,520 2,400 2, Surce: U.S. Bureau f Labr Statistics $242 $ Surce: Natinal Center fr Charitable Statistics 16 LIFE f Arts & Culture

21 Yung Peple and the Arts Children Served by Majr Brwn Cunty Arts Organizatins Lcal nnprfit arts rganizatins served thusands f Brwn Cunty children in The Neville Public Museum instituted a different methd t cunt children served, s past data are nt shwn in. Since the 2011 LIFE Study, tw majr new venues serving children pened: the ARTgarage, which ffers prgrams fr children year-rund, including summer camps, and a relcated, new Children s Museum f Green Bay. Ntably, the number f children visiting the Green Bay Btanical Garden grew by 193% since Figure 2 Extracurricular Music Participatin by District Public schls ffer access t arts experiences fr all children. Accrding t the Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin, area schl districts reprted a variety f levels f student participatin in extracurricular music prgrams (the nly categry f arts reprted by schls). While the Ashwaubenn Schl District and the Green Bay Area Public Schl District maintained histrical rates f participatin in extracurricular music, ther districts shwed increasing music participatin since (De Pere, Denmark, and Pulaski). Hwever, several districts did nt sustain the level f invlvement seen in (Hward-Suamic, West De Pere, and Wrightstwn). In Denmark, ver ne-third f students participated in extracurricular music pprtunities. 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 - Figure 2 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Percent f Students Participating in Extracurricular Music by District 18% 18% 9,751 Neville Museum 7% 4% Number f Children Served by Brwn Cunty Arts Organizatins 3,421 St. Nrbert Cllege Theater - 36% 32% 17,752 15% 15% 15,580 Weidner Center Surce: Arts Organizatins 900 1,128 Green Bay Civic Symphny 3,975 11,634 Green Bay Btanical Garden 36% 26% 17% 18% 20% 13% 9% 13% Figure 3 Perceptins f Arts and Cultural Opprtunities fr Yuth Apprximately half f residents surveyed felt pprtunities fr yuth t participate in the arts were gd r excellent: 54% rated them gd r excellent, cmpared t 48% f leaders. Ntably, 43% f leaders (and 28% f cmmunity members) rated arts and cultural pprtunities fr yung peple as fair r pr. Figure Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin The Availability f Arts and Cultural Opprtunities fr Yuth Leader 48% 43% 9% Cmmunity 54% 28% 18% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys LIFE f Arts & Culture 17

22 LIFE f Arts & Cul ture C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s As nted, the Arts & Culture sectr has been underging a transitin shifting frm the emphasis n attending frmal, paid perfrmances t experiences mre apt t be free, cme as yu are, and very infrmal. The cmmunity must embrace these emerging frms f art alng with traditinal frms f art and find ways t supprt and grw arts pprtunities that reflect this new participatin trend. Peple wh want t supprt the arts must think f the arts in expanded ways. Experts in this area reprted cncerns with the narrw base f financial supprt fr the arts and arts rganizatins in Green Bay. Althugh the data reprted in this sectin indicated revenue in large arts rganizatins increased since 2011, these rganizatins ften rely heavily n earned incme and receive little brader, sustaining supprt, such as frm public entities. As reprted, the level f supprt fr the arts in Wiscnsin drpped frm a ranking f 38 th amng states in 2011 t a new lw f 47 th in (Iwa was next lwest at 41 st, while Minnesta ranked 1 st in the U.S.) This amunts t an investment rate f $0.14 per capita in arts infrastructure in Wiscnsin, well belw that f neighbring states. It is wrth nting that many lcal rganizatins rely heavily n earned incme (frm ticket sales) fr the majrity f revenue, a psitin that puts them n less-secure financial grund and unable t invest in prgram develpment r infrastructure. There has been a great deal f pressure n arts rganizatins philanthrpic effrts, leading t cmpetitin and ptentially, in difficult ecnmic times, funding shrtfalls. The Green Bay Symphny, despite the fact that it was celebrating its 100 th seasn, clsed its drs in Accrding t Msaic, mst f the area s arts rganizatins remain small. As a result, they were likely t be underfunded and understaffed in recent years, which means their viability is cnstantly at risk. They are ften nt able t affrd the marketing appraches needed t attract audiences, build a brand, r maintain a scial media presence. Mrever, the area was hme t a relatively small number f prfessinal artists and perfrmers because it was difficult t becme emplyed as a full-time artist in this area. It appears survey respndents cncur that the nnprfit arts sectr cntinues t be at risk. Cmmunity leaders were asked t rate Brwn Cunty n investing needed resurces t ensure the cntinued viability f arts pprtunities. Accrding t the 2016 survey, 37% rated the area as excellent r gd, while 51% rated it as fair r pr. In terms f engaging yung peple in arts experiences, 43% f leaders and 28% f cmmunity members rated arts and cultural pprtunities fr yung peple as fair r pr. Data n the pprtunities fr lcal yuth are srely lacking it is unclear whether public schl students were gaining access t visual and design arts, perfrming arts and dance, r musical instructin pprtunities. With the ne available measure -- extracurricular music participatin -- sme schls had success in engaging many yuth in music, while thers had seen participatin drp significantly. Since many yuth were unable t participate in after-schl experiences, prviding and mnitring participatin in arts pprtunities during the schl day, fr all students, was a strng need in Brwn Cunty. The cmmunity may want t discuss this issue in the future. 18

23 LIFE f Arts & Cul ture D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Arts & Culture sectin: nccsweb.urban.rg/tablewiz/shwreprt.php apps2.dpi.wi.gv/sdpr/spr.actin Other surces: Dwntwn Green Bay, On Bradway, Msaic Ticket sales data prvided directly by Meyer Theatre, Neville Public Museum, St. Nrbert Cllege, Weidner Center fr the Perfrming Arts, Civic Symphny f Green Bay, and Green Bay Btanical Garden. Data n children served prvided directly by Neville Public Museum, St. Nrbert Cllege, Weidner Center fr the Perfrming Arts, The Children s Museum f Green Bay 19

24 20

25 LIFE in the Cmmunity LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend r r Vter participatin rates s s Uncntested seats in cunty supervisr electins r r Number f neighbrhd rganizatins rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated COMMUNITY EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity leadership practively makes decisins that are in the best interests f residents in the lng run. Peple f all ages, religins, races, ethnicities, sexual rientatins, genders, and incme levels: Are valued members f the cmmunity Experience a sense f cmmunity and belnging D nt experience discriminatin Have full access t services Are infrmed n cmmunity issues Have the pprtunity t participate fully in cmmunity life thrugh such pprtunities as vting, vlunteer wrk, leadership, and faith cmmunities Experience a cmmunity infrastructure and amenities prmting a high quality f life

26 LIFE in t he Cmmunity S t a t u s n P r g r e s s One ntewrthy change since the publicatin f the 2011 LIFE Study has been the ppulatin grwth in Brwn Cunty. In 2000, the U.S. Census reprted the cunty s ppulatin was just under 230,000 peple. As f 2015, the U.S. Census reprts the ppulatin had grwn t 258,718, an increase f 14%. Anther key change is that Brwn Cunty has becme mre diverse. The Hispanic ppulatin, fr example, has grwn cnsiderably ver the past 15 years. Between 2000 and 2015, the Hispanic ppulatin increased by abut 146%. A number f ther racial and ethnic grups have seen large increases in ppulatin. Since 2000, the size f the Asian ppulatin, fr example, has increased by abut 63%. In additin t ppulatin grwth and changes in its cmpsitin, a number f ther psitive develpments have ccurred in Brwn Cunty. In the 2011 LIFE Study, Brwn Cunty was characterized by a high level f civic engagement and a strng sense f cmmunity. Thse trends cntinued in Rates f vter turnut, an imprtant measure f civic invlvement, have imprved since the last LIFE Study. Rates f participatin in ther kinds f civic and cmmunity activities have als remained quite high. Accrding t the 2016 cmmunity survey, 82% f peple in Brwn Cunty reprted dnating mney t a charitable service r vlunteer rganizatin ther than a church, and 71% f peple helped at church, a schl, r a charitable rganizatin. The number f neighbrhd assciatins als have increased in the area. As f 2015, there were 42 active neighbrhd assciatins in the city f Green Bay, an increase frm the 35 assciatins in There have als been changes amng nnprfits in Brwn Cunty. The number f 501(c)(3) public charities in Brwn Cunty increased by abut 9% frm 2014 t There has been an upward trend in the ttal annual revenue f registered public charities in Brwn Cunty. In fact, in every year since 2010 there has been an increase. In 2015, the amunt f ttal annual revenue was $1.366 billin, an increase frm $1.31 billin in the previus year. Surveys f Green Bay area nnprfits have been cnducted by the Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin fr a number f years, and the results reveal fairly strng financial health. In 2014, fr example, 93% f nnprfits surveyed reprted being financially healthy. That number has steadily increased since Many nnprfit rganizatins in the area als reprt plans t expand key services. In 2014, fr example, 66% f the nnprfits surveyed said they planned t expand their key services, the highest percentage recrded since There als have been sme psitive changes in cunty finances. The amunt f cunty debt per resident has been quite stable, althugh there has been a slight increase. In 2014, the debt service cst per resident in Brwn Cunty was $ In the past several years, the amunt f debt per resident has been apprximately $60, which was lwer than the state level. In general, cunty expenditures per capita have been very stable frm 2009 t The data indicate there has been a slight increase in expenditures per capita in the last several years. In 2009, fr example, cunty expenditures per capita were $1,000. In 2014, cunty expenditures per capita increased t $1,099. Overall, Brwn Cunty has undergne imprtant changes in the past several years. The cunty has experienced ppulatin grwth and a changing demgraphic prfile. Residents have cntinued t demnstrate high levels f civic invlvement thrugh the varius pprtunities t engage in public life. The nnprfit sectr has experienced ntable imprvements, especially regarding financial health. Finally, the cunty s level f debt service per resident has remained lwer than the state average, and expenditures per capita have increased ver the past several years. 22

27 Cmmunity Life Livability Index Ratings The Livability Index was develped by the Public Plicy Institute f the American Assciatin f Retired Persns (AARP) and is based n seven categries: husing, neighbrhds, transprtatin, envirnment, health, cmmunity engagement, and pprtunity. Each categry is cmprised f a series f specific indicatrs (e.g., average husing csts per mnth), and the scres fr the seven categries were averaged t create the verall livability index fr each cmmunity. The index can range frm 0-100, and higher numbers mean better livability. Brwn Cunty had an verall livability scre f 59 cmpared t an average f 58 fr the state f Wiscnsin and 53 fr the United States. The ther bars in display scres fr each f the seven categries. Brwn Cunty had fairly high scres in mst areas, with the highest scres in the transprtatin categry (69) and the pprtunity categry (69). Figure 2 Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place t Live When asked abut Brwn Cunty as a place t live, the majrity f cmmunity members (64%) reprted that things have stayed the same in Twenty-three percent f surveyed cmmunity members said Brwn Cunty had gtten better, and 13% said Brwn Cunty had gtten wrse as a place t live. In cntrast, the 2016 survey f leaders revealed that 43% f leaders thught Brwn Cunty had gtten better as a place t live and 53% thught Brwn Cunty had stayed the same. In 2011, 21% f leaders said Brwn Cunty had gtten better and 65% said it had stayed the same. Figure 3 Cmmunity Perceptins abut Impacting Cmmunity Leaders Cmmunity members had mixed views n their ptential t impact the decisins made by cmmunity leaders in Brwn Cunty. In 2016, 51% f surveyed cmmunity members agreed they culd have an impact n the decisins f cmmunity leaders. In cntrast, 39% f cmmunity members disagreed with the idea that they culd have an impact n the decisins f cmmunity leaders. In 2011, 49% f cmmunity members agreed they culd have an impact n the decisins f cmmunity leaders and 43% disagreed. Livability Scre Figure 2 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure % 69% 11% Livability Index Scres Brwn C. Wiscnsin U.S. Average Surce: AARP Public Plicy Institute 13% 14% 64% 65% 23% 21% Cmmunity Better / Wrse Place t Live Better Stayed the Same Wrse Leader Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys I Believe I Can Have an Impact n the Decisins That Are Made by Cmmunity Leaders Here in the Brwn Cunty Area 49% 51% 43% 39% 4% 53% 43% 9% 10% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Agree Disagree Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys LIFE in the Cmmunity 23

28 Diversity Racial Cmpsitin f Brwn Cunty As f 2015, Brwn Cunty was predminantly white, with whites making up 81.79% f the ppulatin in Brwn Cunty, accrding t the U.S. Census Bureau. The next largest categry was Hispanic (8.26% f the ppulatin). Blacks/African-Americans made up 2.39% f Brwn Cunty s ppulatin, Asian-Americans made up 3.18%, and American Indians made up 2.48%. A small number f peple reprted being Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander r a member f mre than tw races. Table 1 Ppulatin Changes ver Time Demgraphics in Brwn Cunty have changed ver time accrding t the U.S. Census. Overall, the cunty s ppulatin increased by 13.82% frm 2000 t A number f racial grups saw large increases in their ppulatin. Fr example, frm 2000 t 2015 the Hispanic ppulatin increased frm 8,694 t 21,383, r %. White (nt Hispanic), 81.79% White (nt Hispanic) Hispanic Black/African American American Indian Mre than 2 races Asian Native Hawaiian/Pacific Island. Racial Cmpsitin f Brwn Cunty, 2015 Surce: U.S. Census Bureau Hispanic, 8.26% Black/African American, 2.39% American Indian, 2.48% Mre than 2 races, 1.86% Asian, 3.18% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Island., 0.04% Table Categry Pp. Percent Pp. Percent Pp. Percent % Change '00-'15 Hispanic 8, % 17, % 21, % % White (nt Hispanic) 203, % 207, % 211, % 4.15% Black/African American 2, % 5, % 6, % % American Indian 5, % 5, % 6, % 21.56% Asian 5, % 6, % 8, % 62.82% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander % % % 26.25% Mre than 2 races 2, % 4, % 4, % % Ttal 227, % 248, % 258, % 13.82% Surce: U.S. Census Figure 2 Perceptins f Grwing Diversity Amng surveyed cmmunity members in Brwn Cunty, views abut the impact f the area s grwing diversity were mixed. In 2016, 33% f peple said the grwing cultural diversity was having a psitive impact, while 30% f peple said it was having a negative impact. Within the cmmunity, the numbers fr 2016 were nearly identical t thse frm In 2016 a fairly large number f peple (26%) reprted they were nt sure abut the impact f grwing diversity in Brwn Cunty, and 10% said the grwing diversity was having n impact at all. A large share f leaders hld psitive views f grwing diversity. In 2011 and 2016, abut 60% f leaders said grwing diversity was having a psitive impact n Brwn Cunty. Thirteen percent f leaders in 2016 said grwing diversity was having a negative impact (a decrease frm the 20% that was reprted in 2011). Figure 2 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% D Yu Believe the Grwing Diversity f Cultures in Brwn Cunty is Having a Psitive Impact, Negative Impact, r N Impact at All? 24% 26% 11% 10% 32% 30% 33% 33% 14% 18% 5% 20% 9% 13% 61% 60% Cmmunity Leader Psitive Negative N Impact At All Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys 24 LIFE in the Cmmunity

29 Diversity Table 1 Public Schl Racial Cmpsitin Althugh White students were the majrity in each district in Brwn Cunty, sme schl districts were quite diverse. Fr example, within the Green Bay schl district 10.2% f students were African-American, 5% were American Indian, 7.3% were Asian, and 25.7% were Hispanic. Cmmunity Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Peple f Diverse Backgrunds In general, 2011 and 2016 numbers were quite similar. Hwever, leaders had much different views abut Brwn Cunty as a place fr peple f diverse backgrunds than cmmunity members. In 2016, 54% f surveyed cmmunity members said Brwn Cunty was an excellent r gd place fr peple f diverse backgrunds, while 31% said it was fair r pr. Amng cmmunity leaders in 2016, 39% reprted Brwn Cunty was an excellent r gd place fr peple f diverse backgrunds, while 57% said it was fair r pr. Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Peple f Diverse Backgrunds amng Hmng and Spanish Language Samples In additin t the 2016 cmmunity survey, surveys were administered in Spanish and Hmng t small samples within the cmmunity. Althugh the cmmunity survey was generalizable t the Brwn Cunty ppulatin (due the sampling methdlgy that was emplyed), the Spanish and Hmng language survey results cannt be used t generalize t all Spanish and Hmng speaking residents in the cmmunity. The surveys were administered t a small number f respndents and the surveys were based n cnvenience samples, which means that respndents were nt randmly selected. Thus, the results shuld be interpreted with cautin and prvide nly a preliminary lk at the pinins f these grups. Interestingly, when asked abut Brwn Cunty as a place fr peple with diverse backgrunds, 46% f thse in the Spanish survey said Brwn Cunty was fair r pr (51% said it was gd r excellent). Amng thse in the Hmng survey, 17% said Brwn Cunty was fair r pr, and 82% said it was excellent r gd. Table District White African American American Indian Asian Hispanic, all races Ashwaubenn 78.0% 6.8% 4.5% 4.8% 5.9% De Pere 89.7% 3.1% 0.9% 2.4% 3.9% Denmark 92.7% 0.9% 1.7% 0.6% 4.0% Green Bay 51.9% 10.2% 5.0% 7.3% 25.7% Hward-Suamic 91.1% 2.8% 1.3% 2.2% 2.5% Pulaski 91.6% 1.6% 3.1% 1.3% 2.3% West De Pere 82.9% 3.6% 6.8% 3.4% 3.2% Wrightstwn 89.2% 2.1% 0.9% 1.2% 6.6% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 10% 33% 58% 54% Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin A Place fr Peple f Minrity Racial, Ethnic, Religius, r Other Cultural Backgrunds 16% 5% 5% 31% 56% 57% 39% 39% Cmmunity Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys Leader Perceptins f Cmmunity Harmny amng Hmng and Spanish Language Samples The Hmng and Spanish surveys asked respndents abut the extent t which Brwn Cunty was an area where peple f different cultural/racial/ethnic backgrunds gt alng well tgether. Within the Hmng survey, 38% f respndents rated Brwn Cunty as fair r pr, and 58% rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd. Within the Spanish survey, 52% rated Brwn Cunty as fair r pr, and 44% rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd. Again, it is imprtant t nte these numbers shuld nt be used t make inferences abut all members f these grups in Brwn Cunty, since these surveys were cllected frm cnvenience samples. LIFE in the Cmmunity 25

30 Lcal Incme Distributin Incme Quintiles This figure shws the gap between the highest and lwest incme quintiles in Brwn Cunty, the state f Wiscnsin, and the United States based n data frm the 2014 American Cmmunity Survey. The gap between the highest and lwest incme quintiles in Brwn Cunty was $150,275. In ther wrds, thse in the highest incme quintile made abut 11.6 times mre than thse in the lwest quintile (this rati had increased slightly frm 2010 when it was 11.2). The incme gap was smaller in Brwn Cunty than in Wiscnsin r the United States. In Wiscnsin, the highest incme quintile was abut times larger than the lwest incme quintile. In the United States, the highest incme quintile was abut times larger than the lwest incme quintile. Figure 2 Gini Index f Incme Inequality Anther way f examining incme inequality is t lk at the Gini index, a standard measure f incme inequality used by scial scientists. The index has a theretical range f 0 t 1, where 1 means cmplete inequality (all f the incme held by ne husehld in an area) and 0 means cmplete equality (every husehld in an area has the same incme). The trends in Figure 2 indicate that levels f incme inequality were fairly stable in Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin frm , which was t be expected when examining a fairly shrt perid f time. As f 2014, the Gini index was 0.43 in Brwn Cunty. T put this number in cntext, the highest level f incme inequality at the cunty level in the United States is in East Carrll Parish, Luisiana (0.65). New Yrk Cunty (which cntains Manhattan) has a Gini index f The lwest level f incme inequality is in Lving Cunty, Texas (0.21). In the United States, the level f incme inequality has steadily increased since the 1970s. In 1970, the Gini index fr the U.S. was 0.40; it climbed t 0.50 in $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 Figure 2 Level f incme inequality Lwest and Highest Incme Quintiles, 2014 $190,020 Gini Index f Incme Inequality Range (where 1 means cmplete inequality) Brwn Cunty Surce: Civic Dashbards $162,462 $164,448 $11,927 $13,183 $14,173 United States Wiscnsin Brwn Cunty Lwest Quintile Surce: U.S. Census Highest Quintile Wiscnsin Figure 3 Leader Perceptins abut Increasing High-Wage Jbs In bth 2011 and 2016, cmmunity leaders said effrts t increase the number f high-paying jbs in the regin were imprtant. In 2016, 63% f cmmunity leaders rated this as the highest pririty. That number was dwn very slightly frm 69% in Abut ne-third f cmmunity leaders in 2016 said increasing the number f high-paying jbs in the regin shuld be a mderate pririty. Figure 3 Highest Pririty Mderate Pririty Expanding Effrts t Increase the Number f Jbs That Pay Higher Wages in the Regin Lwer Pririty 2% 2% 28% 35% 69% 63% Nt Sure 1% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader Surveys 26 LIFE in the Cmmunity

31 Electral Invlvement and Cmpetitin Vter Turnut displays data fr Brwn Cunty and fr Wiscnsin with the vting age ppulatin as the denminatr. In general, turnut was very similar when cmparing Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin. As expected, turnut increased substantially during presidential electin years given the salience and perceived imprtance f presidential cntests. In 2012, Wiscnsin had the secnd-highest turnut rate f the 50 states (after Minnesta, with 76% turnut). Brwn Cunty s turnut rate (69%) in the 2012 presidential electin was nearly identical t the state turnut rate (70%). Figure 2 Uncntested Lcal Electins This figure presents data n the percentage f cunty supervisr seats that were uncntested (had nly ne candidate running). During recent supervisr electins, mst seats were uncntested. In 2010, 62% f the seats had just ne candidate running. In 2014, that number increased t 73%. Figure 3 Margin f Victry in Lcal Electins Figure 3 builds n Figure 2 by examining levels f cmpetitin in supervisr electins that had at least tw candidates. Cmpetitin was measured by calculating the average margin f victry in all f the supervisr electins in a given year. Higher numbers signal that electin winners wn by a large amunt. In shrt, if the margin f victry was lw, it generally meant an electin was cmpetitive (e.g., if ne candidate gt 51% f the vte and her ppnent gt 49% f the vte, the margin f victry was tw pints, which signaled a clse race). In 2010, the average margin f victry was 14.2 pints. In 2014, that number increased t 24.7 pints. In mst supervisr electins that featured at least tw candidates, the winning candidate beat the ppnent by a large margin. Taken tgether, Figures 2 and 3 indicate there was nt a great deal f cmpetitin fr supervisr electins, and when electins did attract multiple candidates, ne candidate typically wn by a large margin. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 2 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 3 50% 47% Vter Turnut Rates (as a percent f Vting Age Ppulatin) 55% Percent f Uncntested Cunty Supervisr Seats 62% 69% 70% 73% 2010 Electins 2014 Electins Surce: BrwnCunty Clerk 52% Average Margin f Victry in Cunty Supervisr Electins with at least 2 Candidates 55% 2010 Gvernr 2012 Presidential 2014 Gvernr Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin Surce: Brwn Cunty Clerk and WI Gvernment Accuntability Bard 40% 30% 20% 10% 14.2% 24.7% 0% 2010 Electins 2014 Electins Surce: BrwnCunty Clerk LIFE in the Cmmunity 27

32 Civic Leadership Leader Perceptins f Civil Discurse Amng Brwn Cunty Elected Officials When asked abut their perceptins f the level f plitical civil discurse amng Brwn Cunty elected fficials, 49% f cmmunity leaders said it had stayed abut the same ver the past three years while 28 percent said it had gtten wrse. A small prtin f cmmunity leaders (15%) said discurse had imprved ver the past three years. Figure 2 Representatin n Cunty Bard, 2010 and 2016 This figure prvides a lk at ne dimensin f plitical representatin in lcal gvernment: It cmpares the gender cmpsitin f the Cunty Bard t the gender cmpsitin f the ppulatin in Brwn Cunty. In bth 2010 and 2016, wmen made up abut half f the ppulatin in Brwn Cunty accrding t the U.S. Census. In 2010, nly 15% f the Cunty Bard seats were held by wmen, and that number had drpped t less than 10% f the Cunty Bard by In shrt, there was a large gender disparity between the ppulatin and the Cunty Bard. Figure 3 Cmmunity Perceptins f Wmen in Leadership Rles Brwn Cunty cmmunity leaders were asked abut the extent t which wmen tk n leadership rles in the cmmunity. The questin asked abut leadership rles, nt specifically abut service in elected psitns. In bth years displayed in Figure 3, the majrity f cmmunity leaders said wmen tk n leadership rles in the cmmunity. In 2011, 71% f cmmunity leaders agreed wmen tk n leadership rles. In 2016, that number decreased slightly t 64%. Apprximately ne-third f cmmunity leaders disagreed that wmen tk n leadership rles in the cmmunity. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Over the Past Three Years Wuld Yu Say the Level f Plitical Civil Discurse Amng Brwn Cunty Gvernment Elected Officials Has Gtten Better, Wrse r Stayed the Same? Figure 2 15% 49% Better Abut the Same Wrse Nt Sure 15% 85% Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader Survey 49% 28% Representatin f Men and Wmen n Cunty Bard 51% Male Female 8% 92% 50% 50% Bard Ppulatin Bard Ppulatin Surce: Brwn Cunty Bard 8% Figure 3 Wmen Take n Leadership Rles in the Cmmunity % 26% 3% % 33% 4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Agree Disagree Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader Surveys LIFE in the Cmmunity 28

33 Civic Participatin Civic Participatin by Cmmunity Members The 2011 and 2016 cmmunity surveys asked peple abut their participatin in a variety f civic activities: (1) helped at church, a schl, r charitable rganizatin, (2) dnated mney t a religius rganizatin, (3) dnated mney t a charitable service r vlunteer rganizatin ther than a church, (4) attended a cultural event such as a play, musical event, art exhibit, r museum in Brwn Cunty, (5) used any recreatinal facilities/prgrams in Brwn Cunty, (6) vted in a lcal electin, like a referendum, twn r village bard electin, and (7) attended a wrship service r religius gathering. In general, reprted rates f civic participatin were very high in the Brwn Cunty area, and there was a high level f stability in rates f civic participatin. Fr every act shwn in, at least 68% f peple in Brwn Cunty said they participated. In 2016, the acts that saw the highest level f engagement were using recreatin facilities/prgrams in Brwn Cunty (82% f peple) and dnating mney t a charitable service r vlunteer rganizatin ther than a church (82% f peple). 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 2 71% 68% Helped at church Civic Participatin (percent f cmmunity members participating) 73% 68% Dnated t religius rg. 86% 82% Dnated charity 69% 70% Attended event Trust f Others 73% 82% Used rec. facilities 89% Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys 79% Vted 74% 73% Wrship service Figure 2 Interpersnal Trust Anther imprtant measure f the civic culture f an area is the extent t which peple reprt trust in thers. In bth the 2011 and 2016 cmmunity leader surveys, there was a very high level f trust in thers in the cmmunity. In 2016, 83% f cmmunity leaders said mst peple can be trusted. In 2011, that number was nearly identical at 84%. Neighbrhd Assciatins The number f neighbrhd assciatins remained cnsistent in the city f Green Bay. As f 2015, there were 42 active neighbrhd assciatins, an increase frm the 35 assciatins in % Mst peple can be trusted 83% 10% Yu can't be t careful abut peple 12% 6% Nt sure 5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percent Agreeing Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader Surveys LIFE in the Cmmunity 29

34 Philanthrpy Number f Nnprfit Organizatins The number f nnprfit rganizatins in Brwn Cunty had been very stable until the past year. In 2015, there were (c)(3) public charities in Brwn Cunty, an uptick frm the previus year. The number f 501(c)(3) public charities increased by abut 9% frm 2014 t Ttal Number f 501(c3) Public Charities Brwn Cunty Figure 2 Revenue f Nnprfit Organizatins There had been an upward trend in the ttal annual revenue f registered public charities in Brwn Cunty. In fact, in every year since 2010 there was an increase in ttal annual revenue. In the mst recent year shwn in Figure 2, ttal annual revenue was $1.366 billin, an increase frm $1.31 billin in the previus year. Figure 3 Perfrmance f Nnprfit Organizatins Fr the past several years, the Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin has cnducted surveys f Green Bay area nnprfits. Results revealed fairly high levels f financial health reprted by survey respndents. In 2014, 93% f nnprfits surveyed reprted being financially healthy. That number had steadily increased ver time, as shwn in Figure 3. In 2009, 81% f nnprfits reprted being financially healthy. Many nnprfit rganizatins in the area als reprted that they plan t expand. In 2014, fr instance, 66% f the nnprfits that were surveyed said that they planned t expand their key services. That is the highest percentage recrded t date. In 2009, the percentage reprting plans t expand key services was 49%, the lwest percentage in the data series Figure 2 $1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 Figure 3 100% 80% 60% Nte: Includes 501c(3) public-serving nnprfit rganizatins registered with IRS Surce: Natinal Center fr Charitable Statistics Ttal Annual Revenue f Registered Public Charities Brwn Cunty (Millins f Dllars) $1,006 $983 $1,139 $1,198 $1,291 $1,310 $1, % 49% Surce: Natinal Center fr Charitable Statistics Perfrmance f Nnprfit Organizatins Green Bay Area 78% 60% 86% 65% 91% 93% 55% 66% 40% 20% 0% Financially healthy Plan t expand key services Surce: Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin Surveys LIFE in the Cmmunity

35 Cunty Financial Indicatrs Cunty Debt Service Csts per Resident Overall, the amunt f cunty debt per resident had been quite stable in Brwn Cunty, althugh there had been a slight increase. In 2014, the debt service cst per resident in Brwn Cunty was $ In the past several years, the amunt f debt per resident had been apprximately $60, which was lwer than the amunt f debt per resident at the state level. Figure 2 Cunty Expenditures per Capita Anther imprtant financial indicatr was the amunt f mney spent by the cunty per capita. It was necessary t standardize expenditures by ppulatin because the cunty s ppulatin changed ver the last few years. In general, expenditures per capita were very stable frm 2009 t The data series indicated a slight increase in expenditures per capita in the last several years. In 2009, fr example, cunty expenditures per capita was $1,000. In 2014, the cunty expenditures per capita increased t $1,099. Figure 3 Cunty Unreserved Fund Balance per Capita A cunty s fund balance refers t the difference between the assets and liabilities f cunty funds, an indicatr f its verall financial psitin. Figure 3 shws the standardized fund balance per capita, r the perpersn amunt f assets n reserve each year. In 2009, the Brwn Cunty fund balance per capita was $113. In 2014, the level had climbed back t $99 frm a lw f $83 in $150 $125 In Thusands $25 $0 Figure 2 $1,400 $1,200 Dllars per Capita $100 $75 $50 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 Figure 3 $200 $45 $46 $40 $44 Debt Service Csts per Resident (Thusands f Dllars) $51 Brwn $71.33 $49 $51.11 Wiscnsin $59.30 $68.75 Ttal Brwn Cunty Expenditures per Capita $1,000 $1,027 $1,036 $1,066 $1,067 $1, Surce: Brwn Cunty Budget and U.S. Census $ $59.29 $60.39 $61.12 $59.43 Ttal Brwn Cunty Fund Balance per Capita $ Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Revenue Dllars per Capita $175 $150 $125 $100 $75 $50 $113 $128 $139 $154 $83 $99 $25 $ Surce: Brwn Cunty Budget and U.S. Census LIFE in the Cmmunity 31

36 Infrastructure Annual Percent Water Lss Treated water lst thrugh leaks and breaks in the public water system was an indicatr f pr infrastructure. Accrding t the Wiscnsin Public Service Cmmissin, 5% f Green Bay s treated water was lst during transprt in In 2015, that percentage rse t 9%. Other Brwn Cunty municipalities vary in the amunt f water lst after having been treated: In 2015, the Pulaski Water Department reprted lsing 26% f its treated water, and the Bellevue Water Department reprted lsing 21%. Hwever, Hbart (5%) and Denmark (8%) had lwer rates f water lss. Figure 2 Green Bay Metr Fixed Rute Ridership The number f rides prvided by Green Bay s public transprtatin system rse t 1,429,205 in 2014, an increase in ridership f 6% since Hwever, few lcal residents accessed r used public transprtatin. Accrding t the 2015 U.S. Census, less than 1% f the Brwn Cunty emplyed ppulatin relied n public transprtatin, cmpared t Wiscnsin s average rate f 2%, and the United States rate f 5%. Figure 2 2,500 Green Bay Metr Fixed Rute Annual Ridership (in Thusands f Rides) Cmmunity Perceptins f Transprtatin Systems Cmmunity members were asked whether they thught transprtatin systems were keeping up with the pace f grwth in the area. In the 2016 survey, 27% f peple rated Brwn Cunty as fair r pr n this issue, and 63% f peple rated Brwn Cunty as gd r excellent. Figure 3 Percent f Cunty Rads in Gd Cnditin (Paser Ratings) Anther imprtant indicatr f infrastructure cnditins is the percentage f cunty rads in gd cnditin. In general, there was a high level f stability in Brwn Cunty rad cnditins. In each year since 2007, there was an increase in the percentage f Brwn Cunty rads in gd cnditin. In 2012, 73.4% f rads were rated in gd cnditin, the highest rating in the data series. Cmmunity Leader Perceptins f Infrastructure When asked abut whether Brwn Cunty was prviding the infrastructure that businesses needed (transprtatin, water, etc.), cmmunity leaders in 2016 had verwhelmingly psitive views. Twenty-tw percent f leaders said the Brwn Cunty area was ding an excellent jb, and 61% said Brwn Cunty was ding a gd jb. Only a small prtin f cmmunity leaders said Brwn Cunty was ding a fair (15%) r pr (1%) jb at prviding infrastructure. 2,000 1,542 1,524 1,354 1,371 1,500 1,482 1,429 1, Surce: Green Bay Metr Figure 3 Percent f Brwn Cunty Rads in "Gd" Cnditin 100% 80% 67.5% 68.5% 68.9% 69.1% 72.9% 73.4% 60% 40% 20% 0% Surce: Brwn Cunty Public Wrks 32 LIFE in the Cmmunity

37 LIFE in t he Cmmunity C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s Althugh there have been a variety f psitive develpments in Brwn Cunty, there are a number f imprtant findings frm the LIFE in the Cmmunity sectin that members f the Brwn Cunty cmmunity may want t examine and discuss in the cming mnths and years. One key finding frm the 2016 cmmunity survey was the number f cmmunity members wh did nt feel like they culd have an impact n the decisins f cmmunity leaders. In 2016, while 51% agreed they culd have an impact, 39% f peple disagreed. In may be wrth explring why such a large prtin f the cmmunity believed they culd nt impact the decisins f leaders in the area. The 2016 cmmunity survey als indicated that views abut the impact f the area s grwing diversity were mixed, with a divergence between cmmunity members and leaders. In 2016, 33% f cmmunity members said the grwing cultural diversity was having a psitive impact, while 30% f peple said it was having a negative impact. Amng leaders, abut 60% said the grwing diversity in Brwn Cunty was having a psitive impact. Thirteen percent f leaders in 2016 said grwing diversity was having a negative impact. Cmmunity members als have much different views than cmmunity members abut Brwn Cunty as a place fr peple f diverse backgrunds. In 2016, 54% f the cmmunity said Brwn Cunty was an excellent r gd place fr peple f diverse backgrunds, while 31% said it was fair r pr. Amng cmmunity leaders in 2016, 39% reprted that Brwn Cunty was an excellent r gd place, while 57% said it was a fair r pr place fr peple f diverse backgrunds. When asked abut Brwn Cunty as a place fr peple with diverse backgrunds, 46% f thse in the Spanish survey said Brwn Cunty was fair r pr (51% said it was gd r excellent). Amng thse in the Hmng survey, 17% said Brwn Cunty was fair r pr, and 82% said it was excellent r gd. Again, this may be smething the cmmunity will want t have a cnversatin abut. Why was it that cmmunity members and leaders had different views abut Brwn Cunty as a place fr peple f diverse backgrunds? A number f features f lcal electral plitics deserve attentin and discussin. During recent cunty supervisr electins, mst f the seats were uncntested. In 2014, fr example, 73% f supervisr electins were uncntested there was nly nly candidate running. In additin, in mst supervisr electins that featured at least tw candidates, the winning candidate beat the ppnent by a large margin. Thus, there was nt a great deal f cmpetitin in cunty supervisr electins. There were als cncerns regarding representatin in cunty gvernment. In bth 2010 and 2016, wmen made up abut half f the ppulatin in Brwn Cunty accrding t the U.S. Census. In 2010, hwever, nly 15% f Cunty Bard seats were held by wmen, and that number drpped t less than 10% f the Cunty Bard in The Brwn Cunty cmmunity may want t explre why this large disparity in gender cmpsitin between the ppulatin and the Cunty Bard existed and discuss ways t increase the plitical representatin f varius grups lcally. While a variety f psitive develpments in Brwn Cunty were highlighted, the cmmunity may want t take up sme key issues in the future. The issues discussed abve represent imprtant pints fr cmmunity discussin and engagement. 33

38 LIFE in the Cmmuni ty D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Cmmunity sectin: livabilityindex.aarp.rg/search#brwn+cunty+wi+usa apps2.dpi.wi.gv/reprtcards ggbcf.rg/ggbcf/linkclick.aspx?fileticket=qz4bznm8_sm%3d&tabid=293&mid= greenbaywi.gv/csa/wp-cntent/uplads/2015/12/2015-nha-mapofficial.pdf psc.wi.gv/apps40/annlreprt/default.aspx factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_5yr_b19081&prdtype=table 34

39 A Healthy LIFE LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend s r Cunty health rankings w w Births t mthers wh btained prenatal care s s Child pverty rate s s Percent f adults binge drinking in past mnth s s Percent f adults bese r verweight rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated HEALTH EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity members practice healthy lifestyles: Have a balanced diet Exercise rutinely Engage in activities in supprt f gd mental health D nt abuse tbacc, drugs, r alchl Have rutine health screenings such as bld pressure checks Have access t dental, mental, physical, and medical prfessinals

40 A Healthy LIFE S t a t u s n P r g r e s s Brwn Cunty prgressed in a number f areas regarding access t health-related services and healthy living. Fr example, since the previus LIFE Study was released in 2011, Beynd Health was frmed, a cllabrative grup f Brwn Cunty health care prviders, public health departments, and the Brwn Cunty United Way, t imprve the health f Brwn Cunty residents by cnducting peridic cmmunity health needs assessments and leading cmmunity-wide actin planning teams. The grup cnvened cmmunity stakehlders t identify fur health pririties fr Brwn Cunty, based n the Healthiest Wiscnsin 2020 fcus areas: alchl misuse, ral health, mental health, and adequate, apprpriate, and safe nutritin. In additin, cmmunity members reprted a grwing recgnitin f the imprtance f dental care t ne s verall health and well-being. There was better access fr preventive dental care fr children in Brwn Cunty thrugh the Brwn Cunty Oral Health Partnership, which became mre established and treated almst 9,000 children in In additin, access t dental care fr peple with lw incme expanded thrugh the N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic prgrams. Almst 2,000 persns were cared fr at the Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege campus in Oral surgens vlunteered t prvide care, and mre persns with disabilities received treatment. The cmmunity als fcused mre attentin n mental health as private funding led t the establishment f the Cnnectins fr Mental Wellness. This rganizatin was frmed in 2016 with the gal f transfrming the lcal mental health system thrugh cllabratin, educatin and enhanced systems f care. Fundatinal activities include cnducting r spnsring research, cnvening cmmunity stakehlders t build cnsensus, and facilitating cmmunity effrts. Access t health insurance als imprved, with high rates f health insurance cverage fr Brwn Cunty children. In additin, gains in health insurance cverage were dcumented fr sme adults since last LIFE Study in There was als an expansin f free services, with mre emphasis n patient educatin and preventin and imprvements in quality thrugh evidence-based service delivery. Mrever, at bth the cunty and state levels, the teen birth rate declined steadily since In 2014, the number f teen births in Brwn Cunty was 22.5 (per 1,000 teens under age 19). In 2010, that number was 32 (per 1,000 teens under age 19). Overall, Brwn Cunty made much prgress in the area f healthy living. Mre individuals had access t medical and dental care. Numerus initiatives were started since the last LIFE Study in 2011 t address health-related needs f residents in Brwn Cunty, including effrts by Live54218 t educate children and adults abut healthy lifestyles. Mre emphasis was als placed n mental health services. 36

41 Access t Dental Care Table 1 Dental Health in Brwn Cunty Table 1 data were frm the Brwn Cunty Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System, a survey by the U.S. Centers fr Disease Cntrl. There were a number f substantial differences acrss the categries shwn in the table. Fr example, 65% f thse with incmes f less than $35,000 per year visited a dentist in the past year. A much higher percentage (84%) f thse with incmes f greater than $35,000 per year visited a dentist. A sizeable number f peple (31%) lacked dental insurance in Brwn Cunty. It was wrth nting that in 2012, Brwn Cunty residents made 797 patient visits t the emergency rm fr dental cmplicatins, at a mean charge f $426 per visit accrding t the Cunty Oral Health Wiscnsin Surveillance System. A number f facilities in the area served peple wh received Medicaid, BadgerCare, r Wmen, Infants, and Children Prgram (WIC) benefits r wh had lw incmes and were pregnant r diabetic, including the N.E.W. Medical Clinic at Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege (NWTC). The clinic at NWTC ffered basic dental treatment and develped treatment plans fr patients prvided by vlunteer dentists. Children Served by Oral Health Partnership The Brwn Cunty Oral Health Partnership is a 501(c)(3) nnprfit dedicated t imprving access t dental care fr children in Brwn Cunty (mstly schl-aged). With tw fixed clinics at the Krc Center and Hwe Cmmunity Resurce Center and a traveling schl-based prgram, OHP prvided care t almst 9,000 children in This partnership was funded in 2005 and was incrprated as a nnprfit in In 2015, 35% f children served were Hispanic/Latin, 26% White, 16% mixed race, 14% African- American, 5% Asian, and 4% American Indian. The prgram als treated develpmentally disabled adults at ASPIRO. Figure 2 Inability t Get Dental Care in the Past Year In 2011 and 2016, cmmunity members in Brwn Cunty were asked abut the extent t which their families were unable t get the dental care they needed. Althugh a large number f peple said getting dental care was seldm r never a prblem, thers nted that getting necessary dental care was an issue all/mst f the time r sme f the time. In 2011, 13% f cmmunity members said smene in their family culdn t get needed dental care all/mst f the time, and 8% said smene in their family culdn t get needed dental care sme f the time. In 2016, the percentage f cmmunity members saying smene in their family culdn t get needed dental care all/mst f the time drpped very slightly t 8%. 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Figure Table 1 Dental Health f Brwn Cunty Residents Lking Back Over the Last Year r s f Yur Life, Abut Hw Often Wuld Yu Say Yu Experienced the Fllwing? Smene in My Family Culdn't Get the Dental Care They Needed 8% 13% 8% 8% Surce: Brwn Cunty Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System (BRFSS), % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 75% 71% All/Mst f the Time Sme f the Time Seldm/Never N Opinin Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys Percent Oral health cncern - All adults 10% Oral health cncern - Cllege grad 4% Oral health cncern - High schl grad 22% Dental visit 5+ years ag 7% Lack dental insurance 31% Dental visit in past year - All adults 75% Dental visit in past year - Incme <$35K 65% Dental visit in past year - Incme >$35K 84% Children Served by Brwn Cunty Oral Health Partnership 6,023 7,038 7,287 8, Surce: Brwn Cunty Oral Health Partnership 8% 9% A Healthy LIFE 37

42 Access t Medical Care Health Insurance Cverage in Brwn Cunty by Race Overall, 93% f adults and 97% f children in Brwn Cunty reprted having health insurance cverage in 2015, up frm 91% f adults and 95% f children in These cverage rates were similar t Wiscnsin verall and exceeded the 2015 U.S. average rate f insurance cverage (88% f adults, 94% f children), accrding t the U.S. Census. There were sme ntable racial differences in health insurance cverage. While 95% f White individuals had health insurance cverage in 2014, 86% f American Indians and 70% f Hispanic/Latins had cverage. Figure 2 Medicaid/BadgerCare Plus Enrllment by Grup BadgerCare Plus prvided health insurance fr eligible lwincme individuals, while Medicaid cvered health care fr lder adults and adults with disabilities. Figure 2 shws changes in enrllment between 2012 and In general, the enrllment levels were fairly stable, althugh all f the lines shwn in Figure 2 indicate slight increases frm 2015 t Figure 2 Table 1 and Figure 3 Patient Visits at N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic Established in 1970, the N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic prvided limited access t health care services fr uninsured and underinsured individuals in Brwn Cunty. The Clinic ffered care nsite at Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege, whse students assisted licensed and certified health care prfessinals in delivering health services. The clinic ffered utreach health care t individuals wh were experiencing hmelessness, prvided WIC prgram services, and ffered varius testing services fr lw-incme individuals. In 2015, 1,455 patients were served in the clinic cmpared t 1,903 in 2011, as indicated in Table 1. Figure 3 prvides a lk at individuals served at the N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic by race/ethnicity ver time. In 2015, the clinic served 689 Hispanic/Latin individuals, 449 White individuals, 169 African-American individuals, and 62 Asian individuals in Brwn Cunty. *(Please nte that the fur categries in Figure 3 d nt sum t the yearly ttals in Table 1 because individuals whse race/ethnicity was reprted as unknwn r ther usually a very small number f peple were nt pltted in the graph.) Table 1 N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic Services Prvided Health care fr hmeless Clinic Ttal Figure Individuals Served at N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic by Race/Ethnicity White Hispanic-Latin Afr. Amer. Asian Surce: N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic A Healthy LIFE 38

43 Health Status Brwn Cunty Health Outcme Rankings The Cunty Health Rankings & Radmaps reprt prvides rankings f the verall health f each cunty. The measure cmbines infrmatin n a variety f indicatrs, such as drug and alchl use, access t health care, mrbidity, and mrtality rates. Higher numbers in the ranking system crrespnd t wrse health rankings. Accrding t the data, Brwn Cunty ranked 34 th ut f Wiscnsin s 72 cunties. Hwever, the cunty imprved since In 2016, Brwn Cunty ranked 34 th ut f Wiscnsin s cunties. Higher numbers mean wrse ranking Brwn Cunty Health Outcme Rankings (f Wiscnsin's 72 Cunties) Surce: Wiscnsin Ppulatin Health Institute 34 Table 1 Causes f Death This figure prvides infrmatin n sme f the the causes f death in Brwn Cunty (per 100,000 ppulatin). A number f categries saw sizeable increases. Deaths that were alchl-related, tbaccrelated, due t diabetes, and due t cancer all increased frm 2010 t Table 1 Causes f Death - Rate per 100,000 ppulatin % change Heart disease % Cancer % Cerebrvascular Disease % Lwer Respiratry Disease % Pneumnia & Influenza % Accidents % Diabetes % Suicide % Infectins/parasites Alchl-related % Tbacc-related % Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services A Healthy LIFE 39

44 Health Status Leading Causes f Hspitalizatin Data frm the Wiscnsin Department f Health Services prvides a lk at the leading causes f hspitalizatin in Brwn Cunty (per 1,000 ppulatin). Many f the hspitalizatins in 2010 and 2014 were classified as preventable, defined as hspitalizatins fr cnditins where timely and effective ambulatry care can reduce the likelihd f hspitalizatin by preventing the nset f an illness r cnditin, cntrlling an acute episdic illness r cnditin, r managing a chrnic disease r cnditin. There were 2,317 preventable hspitalizatins in Brwn Cunty in 2014, causing the rate t climb t 9.1 per 1,000 ppulatin, after hitting a recent lw f 8.8 in Mental disrders and crnary disease led as imprtant causes f hspitalizatin in Brwn Cunty Leading Causes f Hspitalizatin (rate per 1,000 Ppulatin) Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services Figure 2 Self-Reprted Health Status The Behavir Risk Factr Surveillance System asks peple t rate their wn health using the fllwing categries: fair, pr, very gd, gd, and excellent. In Brwn Cunty, 67% f peple rated their health as very gd r gd. Nineteen percent f peple said their health was excellent. Furteen percent f peple in Brwn Cunty rated their health as fair r pr. Thse percentages were similar t the percentages at bth the state and natinal levels. Figure 2 40 A Healthy LIFE

45 Healthy Start fr Children Lw Birthweight Births and Late Prenatal Care in Brwn Cunty There were 3,359 births in Brwn Cunty in Of these, 231 infants had lw birthweight (under 2,500 grams), and 622 were brn t mthers wh had nt btained prenatal care in the first trimester f pregnancy. The infant mrtality rate was 6.0 per 1,000 births. shws sme racial/ethnic differences in lw birthrates and late prenatal care. Amng Whites, 12% f mthers had late prenatal care. Amng African-American mthers, 28% had late prenatal care. Fr Hispanic/Latin mthers and American Indian mthers, 35% and 40% had late prenatal care, respectively. Figure 2 Teen Birth Rate At bth the cunty and state levels, the teen birth rate declined fairly steadily since In 2014, the number f teen births in Brwn Cunty was 22.5 (per 1000 teens under the age f 19). In 2010 that number was 32 (per 1,000 teens under the age f 19). In 2014, Brwn Cunty s rate exceeded Wiscnsin s rate f 18.3 births (per 1,000 teens under the age f 19). 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Figure % 12% 7% 7% 32.0 Lw Birthweight Births and Late Prenatal Care by Race, % 28% 40% 6% 7% 35% Lw Birthweight N care, First Trimester Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services Teen Birth Rate (per 1000 teens aged <15-19) 11% 41% 5% 26% Families Served by Healthy Families Prgram Healthy Families is a natinally accredited prgram f Family Services f Nrtheast Wiscnsin, Inc. that prvides guidance and supprt t parents t get babies ff t the best start pssible thrugh hme visits, assessments, referrals, and rganized family activities. In 2015, 191 families were served in Brwn Cunty, accrding t data frm Family Services. Healthy Families is ne f a number f prgrams prviding early hme visiting services t at-risk families in Brwn Cunty. The cmmunity's verall capacity t prvide these services declined, beginning in late 2016, primarily due t significant cuts in federal funding t states fr early hme visiting. The Healthy Families Prgram and the Parents As Teachers Prgrams at Family & Childcare Resurces f N.E.W. and Hwe Cmmunity Resurce Center were affected by these cuts Brwn C. WI Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services A Healthy LIFE 41

46 Healthy Start fr Children Child Pverty Rate Accrding t the U.S. Census, Brwn Cunty was hme t 60,907 children in Eighteen percent (11,028 children) were fund t be living in hmes earning pverty-level wages r lwer. Brwn Cunty s child pverty rate was the same as Wiscnsin s rate and was slightly less than the natinal average f 22%. Since 2011, Brwn Cunty s child pverty rate increased by 1 percentage pint each year. 50% 40% 30% 20% Child Pverty Rate Children under 18 years ld 23% 23% 22% 22% 18% 18% 15% 16% 17% 18% 18% 18% Figure 2 Number f WIC Participants Served Accrding t data frm the N.E.W Cmmunity Clinic, the number f Wmen, Infants, and Children Prgram (WIC) participants served declined. Accrding t the Wiscnsin Department f Health Services, WIC prvides nutritin educatin, breastfeeding educatin and supprt, supplemental nutritius fds, and referrals t ther healthy and nutritin services. Every year since 2009, the number f WIC participants served decreased. In the mst recent year displayed in Figure 2, 5,250 WIC participants were served. That represents a 15% decrease frm the year 2009, the earliest year shwn in Figure 2. Figure 3 Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Children When asked t rate Brwn Cunty as a place fr children and yuth, cmmunity members and leaders verwhelmingly reprted psitive views. In bth 2011 and 2016, ver 80% f cmmunity members rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd fr children and yuth. Leaders held even mre psitive views. In bth 2011 and 2016, ver 90% f leaders said Brwn Cunty was excellent r gd fr children and yuth. Percentage f Students Fully Immunized (Grades K-12) Brwn Cunty had high rates f immunizatin fr students. In 2013, 98% f students in grades K-12 were fully immunized, accrding t the Wiscnsin Department f Health Services, equal t the state average. Brwn Cunty s immunizatin rate actually increased in the past several years. In 2009, the immunizatin rate was 94%. It increased each year since. 10% 0% Figure Figure 3 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin United States Surce: U.S. Census 6182 Number f WIC Participants Served Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Children and Yuth 14% 11% 83% 86% 8% 8% 91% 92% Cmmunity Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Leader 5481 Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys Surce: N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic 42 A Healthy LIFE

47 Mental Health Pr Mental Health and Depressin in Past Mnth Althugh belw the Wiscnsin and U.S. average, ver nefurth f Brwn Cunty s ppulatin had mre than three days with pr mental health per mnth. In additin, 22% f Brwn Cunty residents were diagnsed with depressin, accrding t the Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS data revealed a relatinship between Bdy Mass Index (BMI) and depressin: 34% f bese respndents reprted depressin cmpared t 17% f persns wh were neither bese nr verweight. Fifteen percent f Brwn Cunty respndents t the BRFSS reprted taking medicatin r receiving treatment fr a mental health cnditin (8% f males and 22% f females). Frty percent f respndents with lw incmes (less than $10,000) reprted taking medicatin r receiving treatment fr a mental health cnditin. Figure 2 Mst Frequent Needs f Callers t Crisis Center Data frm Family Services f NEW prvides a lk at the number f peple calling the Crisis Center and the reasns peple call. In 2015, 9,816 calls t the Crisis Center fcused n mental health/emtinal issues, 3,997 calls fcused n suicide, and 807 calls fcused n alchl/drugs. The number f hspitalizatins f yuth fr psychiatric reasns increased lcally: In 2014, there were 434 hspitalizatins f children r yuth cmpared t 381 in While hspitalizatin rates fr all ther age grups declined significantly, the rate fr yuth rse frm 6.2 per 1,000 in 2010 t 7.0 in Figure 3 Cmpleted Suicides by Gender Data frm the Brwn Cunty crner tracks the number f cmpleted suicides. Frm 2014 t 2015, the number drpped frm 38 t 23, a 39% decline. Figure 3 displays the number f cmpleted suicides by gender. In each year shwn in the figure, suicide was mre prevalent amng men than amng wmen. Prblems Accessing Needed Mental Health Care The 2016 survey asked cmmunity members abut the extent t which they culd nt access needed mental health care. Six percent f peple in Brwn Cunty said they culd nt access needed mental health care all r mst f the time. Anther 7% said they culd nt access needed mental health care smetimes. Fifty-five percent f peple respnded seldm r never, and 32% said they had n pinin. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 2 15,000 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 0 Figure % Pr Mental Health and Depressin in Past Mnth (percent f ppulatin) 31% Cmpleted Suicides by Gender % % All suicides Male Female Surce: Brwn Cunty Crner % 18% 3+ Days with Pr Mental Health Diagnsed with Depressin Brwn C. Wiscnsin U.S. Surce: 2014 Brwn Cunty Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System Mst Frequent Needs f Callers t Crisis Center (number f calls) Suicide Mental/emtinal issues Alchl/Drugs Surce: Family Services f N.E.W A Healthy LIFE 43

48 Lifestyle-Related Cnditins Percent f Adults that Are Overweight r Obese The Wiscnsin Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey shwed rates f being bese r verweight grew between 2011 and In 2014, Brwn Cunty had mre verweight adults (41%) than in the U.S. (35%), but fewer bese adults (25% versus 30%). Being verweight crrelates with many ther health cnditins such as diabetes, disability, and depressin. 50% 40% 30% 20% 33% Rate f Obese and Overweight Status f Brwn Cunty Adults 38% 21% 21% 35% 30% 41% 25% 10% 0% Obese Overweight Surce: Wiscnsin Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance Survey Figure 2 Percent f Adults with Diabetes In 2014, 7% f Brwn Cunty residents were diagnsed with diabetes, cmpared t 10% in the U.S. Brwn Cunty s rate was als lwer than the state rate f 9%. Althugh Brwn Cunty s rate f adults with diabetes has been relatively cnsistent since 2012, it is lwer than 2011 when 11% f adults in Brwn Cunty were diagnsed with diabetes. Figure 2 30% 20% 10% Percent f Adults with Diabetes 11% 10% 10% 10% 10% 8% 8% 8% 8% 9% 7% 7% 0% Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin U.S. Surce: Wiscnsin Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance Survey Figure 3 Hspitalizatin Due t Alchl r Drugs This figure displays the rate f hspitalizatins due t alchl r drugs per 1,000 ppulatin. In bth cases, there were decreases ver time. In 2010, fr example, the rate f hspitalizatins due t alchl was 2.6 in Brwn Cunty. In 2014, that number drpped t 1.5. The hspitalizatin rate due t drugs was lwer than the rate f hspitalizatin due t alchl marks a lw pint in the data series. In that year, the hspitalizatin rate was 0.2 (per 1,000 ppulatin). In previus years, the rate was typically 0.4 (per 1,000 ppulatin). Figure Hspitalizatin Rate Due t Alchl r Drugs (per 1000 ppulatin) Alchl Drugs Surce: Wiscnsin Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance Survey A Healthy LIFE

49 Healthy Behavirs Exercise rate Accrding t the Wiscnsin Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, 80% f respndents in 2014 reprted exercising fr at least 10 minutes in a usual week in Brwn Cunty. The rate had been very similar in Brwn Cunty ver the past several years. 100% 80% 60% Percent f Adults Exercising Regularly 80% 77% 78% 80% 80% 80% 76% 79% 74% 77% 75% 77% Figure 2 Rate f Binge Drinking in Past 30 Days Binge drinking measures the number f peple wh reprted having cnsumed five r mre drinks (fur r mre fr wmen) in a shrt time perid. In 2014, Brwn Cunty s rate f binge drinking amng adults (26%) was higher than the natinal average (16%). Brwn Cunty s rate f binge drinking increased frm 23% f adults in 2011 t 26% f adults in Smking Rates The rate at which peple smke remained cnstant at 15% in Brwn Cunty between 2011 and 2014, accrding t the BRFSS survey. 40% 20% 0% Figure 2 60% Brwn Cunty WI U.S. Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services Rate f Binge Drinking in Past 30 Days Figure 3 Effects f Alchl r Substance Abuse In 2011 and 2016, cmmunity members in Brwn Cunty were asked abut the extent t which alchl r substance abuse had a negative effect n them r their family. While mst peple said this was seldm r never the case (abut 80% in each year), in bth years f the survey 10% f peple said alchl r substance abuse had a negative effect n them r their family sme f the time. In 2011 and 2016, a small number f peple (3% in 2011 and 2% in 2016) said alchl r substance abuse had a negative effect n them r their family all/mst f the time. Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a place that Prmtes Respnsible Alchl Use When asked t rate Brwn Cunty as a place that prmtes the respnsible use f alchl by residents, cmmunity members had mixed views n the LIFE Study survey. In 2016, 43% f peple rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd n this issue. In that year, 52% f peple rated Brwn Cunty as fair r pr n prmting respnsible alchl use. Thse numbers remained nearly identical when cmpared t the 2011 survey. 40% 20% Figure % 3% 10% % 10% 30% 23% 24% 25% 25% 25% Lking Back Over the Last Year r s f Yur Life, Abut Hw Often Wuld Yu Say Yu Experienced the Fllwing? Alchl r Substance Abuse had a Negative Effect n Me r My Family 80% 83% 25% 26% 23% 22% 17% 16% Brwn C. WI US Surce: Wiscnsin Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance Survey 6% 5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% All/Mst f the Time Sme f the Time Seldm/Never N Opinin Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys A Healthy LIFE 45

50 Quality f Medical Care Health Care Csts Per Medicare Enrllee Overall, the health care csts per Medicare enrllee remained fairly stable at the state level, althugh there was a slight increase. In Brwn Cunty, there was a mre prnunced increase. In 2012, the cst per Medicare enrllee was $7,761. By 2016, that number increased t $8,780. Figure 2 Perceptins f Health Care Quality in Brwn Cunty Cmmunity members and leaders had very psitive views abut the verall quality f health care in the area. In 2011, 86% f leaders rated Brwn Cunty s health care quality as excellent r gd. In 2016, that number increased slightly t 89%. Amng cmmunity members, there were als exceptinally high assessments abut health care quality in the area. In 2011, 86% f cmmunity members rated the quality f health care as excellent r gd. That number was very similar in 2016 (82%). Figure 3 Meeting Health Needs f Residents by Incme In 2016, cmmunity members were asked t rate Brwn Cunty n hw it meets the health needs f residents. When that questin was brken dwn by respndent incme, there were differences in perceptins abut Brwn Cunty. Thse in the lwest incme categry in Figure 3 had much different views abut Brwn Cunty than thse in higher incme categries. Amng thse with incme f less than $10,000 per year, 50% said Brwn Cunty des a fair r pr jb f meeting the health needs f residents. Amng thse in the highest incme categry ($150,000 r mre per year), nly 12% f peple rated the area as fair r pr n meeting the health needs f residents. Figure 2 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 3 The Overall Quality f Health Care in Brwn Cunty 12% 10% 13% 15% 86% 89% 86% 82% Cmmunity Leader Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity & Leader Surveys Meeting the Health Needs f Residents by Incme Less than $10,000 42% 50% 8% $10,000-$24,999 79% 19% 3% $25,000-$49,999 76% 22% 2% $50,000-$74,999 80% 17% 4% $75,000-$99,999 83% 9% 8% $100,000-$124,999 95% 5% $125,000-$149,999 70% 22% 9% $150,000 r mre 84% 12% 5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Survey A Healthy LIFE 46

51 A Healthy LIFE C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s Althugh much prgress ccurred in Brwn Cunty in the area f health, a number f challenges existed. In 2016, Brwn Cunty ranked 34 th ut f 72 Wiscnsin cunties n its verall health status. Althugh the N.E.W. Dental Clinic at Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege saw almst 2,000 lw-incme patients in 2015, access t dental care fr lw-incme and less-educated adults was pr. In fact, there was a sizable difference in the amunt f dental visits per year and incme levels. In additin, ne-third f respndents f the Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System Survey had n dental insurance. Mrever, racial disparities existed in access t health care. Althugh 95% f White individuals had access t health insurance, nly 70% f Hispanic/Latin individuals had such cverage. Althugh BadgerCare Plus prvided health insurance fr eligible lw-incme individuals, cntinuity f care hampered achieving ptimal health utcmes fr thse receiving free services at health clinics. Althugh the N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic cntinued t expand services t meet the needs f uninsured and underinsured persns, its ability t sustain these services was threatened as state and federal funding streams were uncertain. In additin, lifestyle factrs such as drinking and vereating, cntributed t mental and physical health cncerns. Fr example, a greater percentage f Brwn Cunty adults were verweight and bese in 2014 as cmpared t Being verweight crrelates with many ther health cnditins, such as asthma, diabetes, and depressin. If Brwn Cunty can impact lifestyle issues like this, it may see imprvements in many ther indicatrs f ppulatin health. In additin, Brwn Cunty s rate f binge drinking amng adults was higher than the natinal average. The rate f binge drinking in Brwn Cunty als increased frm 23% f adults in 2011 t 26% f adults in Excessive alchl cnsumptin can have many ther ripple effects n an individual s life, including health status, emplyment, and parenting. The cmmunity's capacity t deliver lnger-term evidence-based hme visiting services t families with yung children als decreased due primarily t significant reductins in federal early hme visiting funding t states (beginning in late 2016). Such services are particularly helpful t struggling families wh may be at risk fr child abuse and neglect and ther negative utcmes. Finally, the cmmunity was hampered by nt having a cmmn assessment f yuth wellness and risk behavirs similar t the Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance System fr adults. Althugh the state had made an nline versin f the Center fr Disease Cntrl s Yuth Risk Behavir Survey available, Brwn Cunty schl districts had nt crdinated hw r when it wuld be administered, leaving the cmmunity with limited data that d nt accurately reflect the experiences and perceptins f the area s yuth. In sum, much prgress was bserved in the area f health in Brwn Cunty. Yet, a number f cncerns still shuld be addressed by the cmmunity t ensure the highest access and care are available t residents. 47

52 A Healthy LIFE D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Health sectin: factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s2701&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s1701&prdtype=table familyservicesnew.rg/get-help/by-service/crisis-services webappa.cdc.gv/sasweb/ncipc/datarestrictin_lcd.html nccd.cdc.gv/brfssprevalence/rdpage.aspx?rdreprt=dph_brfss.explrebytpic&irblcatintype=statesandmmsa&islclass=c LASS14&islTpic=Tpic09&islYear=2014 nccd.cdc.gv/brfssprevalence/rdpage.aspx?rdreprt=dph_brfss.explrebytpic&irblcatintype=statesandmmsa&islclass=c LASS01&islTpic=Tpic30&islYear= Other surces: Brwn Cunty Oral Health Partnership, Brwn Cunty Human Services (Ecnmic Supprt Manager, Jenny Hffman), N.E.W. Cmmunity Clinic, Brwn Cunty United Way, Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance Survey, American Cmmunity Survey 1-Year Estimates 48

53 LIFE at Hme LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend w w Percent f births t mthers with less than a high schl educatin s w Annual childcare csts as percent f median family incme s w Older adult pverty rate rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated HOME EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity leaders and residents understand and address the needs f peple wh are vulnerable due t their age r handicapping cnditins. All members f the cmmunity have the pprtunity t: Be safe frm abuse and neglect Be invlved in the cmmunity thrugh leisure activities, emplyment, and educatin Receive needed supprtive care Utilize affrdable and quality child care

54 LIFE at Hme S t a t u s n P r g r e s s The number f children wh received childcare subsidies has declined in Brwn Cunty. In 2011, 1,535 children received subsidies; in 2015, that number drpped t 1,248 children. Children n childcare subsidies were generally received highquality child care. Brwn Cunty had the largest number f lw-incme children f any cunty that received care in 5- star Yungstar-rated centers. The Yungstar Prgram rates Wiscnsin childcare centers n key quality indicatrs and identifies areas fr imprvement. In additin, several initiatives were launched since the 2011 LIFE Study t supprt the success f area children. Achieve Brwn Cunty (ABC), a cllective, cmmunity-wide initiative t supprt children cradle t career, aligned cmmunity agencies and experts t mnitr child and yuth utcmes and develp evidence-based actin plans t impact children and yuth frm early childhd thrugh careers. Mrever, the Cmmunity Partnership fr Children (CPC), a cllabrative initiative with the visin that all Brwn Cunty children will be safe, healthy, and ready fr kindergarten, extended its reach. In 2015, 3,131 families received a Welcme Baby Visit either prenatally r in the hspital shrtly after their child was brn; 903 at-risk families were identified and received referrals t get them cnnected t cmmunity resurces. In 2015, lng-term tracking prvided evidence that f CPC-enrlled children (primarily thse enrlled in evidence-based, lnger-term hme visitatin prgrams), 99% had n child abuse/neglect substantiatins, 99% were linked t a primary care prvider, 69% were develpmentally n track fr kindergarten, and 90% were scially and emtinally n track fr kindergarten. While the numbers and needs f lder adults cntinued t grw at the cmmunity level, Brwn Cunty was well psitined t meet the grwing demands with strng nnprfit rganizatins serving this ppulatin. The Aging & Disability Resurce Center f Brwn Cunty (ADRC), established in 2005 as the nly nnprfit ADRC in Wiscnsin, came int its wn as a cmmunity partner and leader in creating system change t enhance the quality f life f cmmunity members. The ADRC prvided a grwing number f evidence-based preventin prgrams in cllabratin with lcal gvernment, health care rganizatins, and ther prviders. Cncerns abut service gaps in transprtatin led t cllabrative effrts by the ADRC, Brwn Cunty gvernment, and Green Bay Metr t prvide tw new staff psitins that assist lder and disabled adults with transprtatin and mbility needs in Brwn Cunty. As the use f paratransit services declined in Brwn Cunty, lder and differently-abled residents had cme t rely n the strng, lw-cst transprtatin service ffered by the American Red Crss-Nrtheast Wiscnsin Chapter invlving a large grup f vlunteer drivers. In 2015, Curative Cnnectins, Inc. was awarded the cntract t prvide specialized transprtatin fr lder adults and peple with disabilities fr medical, nutritinal, and emplyment pririties (the Red Crss chse nt t reapply). In 2015, this specialized transprtatin service prvided ver 50,000 rides t cmmunity members and was prjected t ffer 57,000 rides in The Aging & Disability Resurce Center f Brwn Cunty cmmissined a majr transprtatin study by the Brwn Cunty Planning and Land Services Department, slated fr release in fall Based n histrical data and ppulatin prjectins, the study identified transprtatin needs and gaps fr lder adults. The study prpsed changes with a fcus n rural areas, which tend t be underserved, leading t islatin and inadequate access t many needs f lder adults, such as fd, medical care, and ther appintments. Lastly, 16 Wiscnsin cunties, including Brwn Cunty, participated in a pilt prject t becme dementia friendly cmmunities. The grass-rts, cllabrative public-private initiative led t the establishment f prgrams such as specially designed memry cafés, AT Hme with Dementia, and Purple Angels (a seal f apprval fr dementia-friendly businesses). This initiative was widely cited as an area f prgress by experts. Rates f Alzheimer s disease and dementia cntinue t climb as the ppulatin ages. In 2010, 16.6% f Brwn Cunty residents were age 60 r lder. In 2025, that percentage is prjected t be 24%. As the number f lder adults rises, mre peple are living with age-related disabilities, including dementia. Overall, Brwn Cunty prgressed in a number f areas regarding LIFE at Hme and has undergne sme imprtant changes in the last few years. Many initiatives were started with the missin t imprve the quality f life f families, the disabled, and the elderly. 50

55 Family Structure and Supprt Percent f Families with All Parents in Wrkfrce The U.S. Census estimated there were 17,001 children ages 5 and under in Brwn Cunty in In 2014, 73% f Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin families with children age 5 and under had bth parents emplyed. This rate exceeded the U.S. rate f 65%. Figure 2 Child Pverty Rate There were 60,907 children under the age f 18 in Brwn Cunty in 2014, accrding t the U.S. Census. In 2014, the mst recent year shwn in Figure 2, the percentage f children living in pverty was 18% in Brwn Cunty. That was the same as the percentage f children in pverty in Wiscnsin as a whle, but slightly less than the U.S. average f 22%. There was a slight increase in the child pverty rate in Brwn Cunty ver the past several years. In 2011, the percentage was 15%, and it increased t 18% in Pverty rates vary by marital and husehld status. Fr example, the pverty rate fr single-parent husehlds was higher than the rate fr tw-parent husehlds. Figure 3 Percent f Births t Unmarried and Less-Educated Mthers Accrding t data frm the Wiscnsin Department f Health Services, 36% f all births were t unmarried mthers in Brwn Cunty in 2014, the mst recent year f data available. In additin, 13% f all births in Brwn Cunty were t wmen wh did nt have a high schl degree. Single parents and individuals with lw levels f educatinal attainment typically have lwer incme levels than their cunterparts. Accrding t the U.S. Census, in 2014 the pverty rate amng married-cuple families was 1.1.%, and the pverty amng female husehlders with n husband present was 15.6%. Teen Birth Rate The teen birth rate in Brwn Cunty declined frm 32 per 1,000 teens (ages 15-19) in 2010 t 22.5 per 1,000 in The 2014 rate exceeded Wiscnsin s rate f Figure 2 Figure 3 60% 50% 40% 30% Percent f All Births t Unmarried and Less-Educated Mthers 36% 37% 36% 37% 36% 20% 10% 15% 16% 13% 13% 13% 0% Unmarried mthers N HS degree Surce: WI Department f Health Services LIFE at Hme 51

56 Child Care Licensed Childcare Slts per 1,000 Children Age 0-7 The number f licensed childcare slts in Brwn Cunty trended dwnward between 2009 and 2014, accrding t the KidsCunt Reprt. In 2009, the number f licensed slts was 287 (per 1,000 children). In 2015, the number f licensed slts was 281 (per 1,000 children), a slight increase frm the previus year when the number f slts was 271 (per 1,000 children). In 2014, KidsCunt estimated there were 27,872 Brwn Cunty children ages infant t 7 (when child care was typically needed). Figure 2 Number f Children Receiving Childcare Subsidies The number f children receiving childcare subsidies declined ver time in Brwn Cunty. In 2011, the number f children receiving subsidies was 1,535. By 2015, that number drpped t 1,248, a 19% decrease. Table 1 Yungstar Quality Rating f Brwn Cunty Centers Yungstar is a five-star quality rating system fr childcare prviders based n educatin, learning envirnment, business methds, and practices arund child health and well-being. A scre f 5 stars means a facility met the highest quality standards, and a scre f 1 star means a facility des nt meet any health and safety standards. A scre f 3 stars is cnsidered a prficient level f quality standards. Almst half f Brwn Cunty childcare centers were rated 2 stars r lwer in On the ther hand, 40% f children receiving Wiscnsin Shares, r childcare subsidies, were enrlled in 5-star centers. Childcare Wages In 2006, the average wage fr a childcare teacher was $9.54 per hur. In 2010, the average wage was $9.49 per hur. In 2006, the average wage fr an assistant teacher was $7.96 per hur; it increased t $8.43 per hur in In 2006, the average wage fr a childcare center directr was $14.24 per hur, and in 2010 it was $13.22 per hur. Annual Childcare Csts as Percent f Median Family Incme In 2015, the apprximate cst f caring fr an infant was $9,025 annually (13.2% f median incme fr families with children, which was $68,629 accrding t the U.S. Census). Csts fr a child age 3-5 averaged $7,875 (11.5% f median incme). Difficulty Obtaining Affrdable Childcare In bth the 2011 and 2016 cmmunity surveys, a sizeable number f respndents said they were unable t btain affrdable childcare all, mst, r sme f the time. In 2011, amng thse with children, 16% f peple reprted being unable t btain affrdable childcare all, mst, r sme f the time. In 2016, that number increased slightly t 19%. Figure 2 Table 1 Yungstar Quality Rating and WI Shares Enrllment f Brwn Cunty Childcare Centers, 2016 Rating Number f Centers Percent WI Shares Enrllment Percent 1 star 0 0% 0 0% 2 stars 57 49% % 3 stars 38 32% % 4 stars 7 6% 71 5% 5 stars 15 13% % Ttal % % Surce: Family and Childcare Resurces f N.E.W. LIFE at Hme 52

57 Supprt fr Yuth Pst-graduatin Plans f Graduating Class, Accrding t the Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin, high schl students wh graduated in in Brwn Cunty had a range f pst-graduatin plans. The majrity f students (53%) planned t attend a fur-year cllege, while 22% reprted planning t attend a vcatinal/technical schl. Anther 4% reprted planning t enter the wrkfrce right away, and 3% planned t serve in the military. Eighteen percent f students reprted planning t pursue ther ptins. Pstgraduatin Plans f Graduating Class 70% 60% 53% 50% 40% 30% 22% 20% 18% 10% 4% 3% 0% 4 year cllege Vc/Tech Emplyment Military Other Surce: WI Department f Public Instructin Figure 2 Wiscnsin Yuth Risk Behavir Rates The Yuth Risk Behavir Survey (YRBS) was develped by the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and is administered natinally using a sample f yuth frm acrss each state. Wiscnsin undertakes the statewide YRBS in dd years. In 2015, the Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin was nt able t btain an apprpriate sample, and therefre there were n 2015 statewide data. In additin, many schl districts administer the YRBS t their wn students, and while several districts agreed t share their results, the ages f students, timing f the survey, and mdules included varied substantially. Unfrtunately, this LIFE study was nt able t reprt YRBS data ther than 2013 statewide data fr Wiscnsin, which is shwn in Figure 3. Figure 2 There were decreases in the number f yuth wh engaged in binge drinking, smking in the past 30 days, and riding in a car with a driver wh had been drinking. Fr each f these behavirs, there were substantial declines frm 2007 t Fr example, the percentage f yuth reprting binge drinking was 32% in 2007 and decreased t 18% in Again, it shuld be nted this was statewide data, nt data specifically n yuth behavir in Brwn Cunty. LIFE at Hme 53

58 Disability and Supprt Percent f Ppulatin with Disability by Age The Brwn Cunty Planning Department estimated that frm 2010 t 2014, the number f residents with a disability grew frm 23,619 t 26,999 individuals, a 14% increase. Over nethird f thse individuals were age 65 r ver. displays the percentage f peple in different age grups that reprted having a disability accrding t 2014 Census estimates. The highest percentage in the figure was fr the 65 and lder age grup. In Brwn Cunty, 31% f peple in the 65+ age grup reprted having a disability, slightly lwer than the U.S. average fr that age grup (36%). Figure 2 Percent f Ppulatin with Disability by Race/Ethnicity Figure 2 indicates sme differences in disability rates by racial grup. Amng American Indians, 18% reprted having a disability accrding t the U.S. Census Bureau. Amng Whites, the rate was lwer at 11%. Raters were belw 10% fr the ther racial/ethnic grups in Figure 2. Figure 2 Table 1 Older Adults and Clients With Disability Served by Majr Lcal Nnprfit Organizatins A number f rganizatins in the Brwn Cunty area served lder adults and peple with disabilities. The number f clients served fr several rganizatins is displayed in Table 1. In mst cases, the number f clients served was similar frm 2010 t 2015, althugh there were sme ntable increases. Fr example, Curative Cnnectins and Optins fr Independent Living bth saw increases in the number f clients served during the perid. Average Number Served by Birth t 3 Prgram The Birth t 3 Prgram is a statewide service targeting children under the age f 3 with develpmental delays and disabilities. Prgram staff believed awareness f this prgram had grwn, leading t an increase in caselad frm 240 in 2013 t 314 in The prgram wrks t enhance the child s develpment in partnership with the family thrugh helping the family learn hw t interact with the child and supprt ptimal develpment. Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Peple with Disabilities Bth cmmunity leaders and cmmunity members expressed fairly psitive views abut Brwn Cunty as a place fr peple wh had disabilities. In 2011, 61% f cmmunity members and 62% f leaders said Brwn Cunty was an excellent r gd place fr peple with disabilities. In 2016, 60% f cmmunity members and 54% f leaders rated the area as excellent r gd fr disabled peple. Table 1 Disability and Supprt - Number f Older and Disabled Clients Served ASPIRO 1,200 1,210 CP Center 1,200 2,000 Curative Cnnectins 2,021 2,010 Curative Cnnectins, Alzheimer's Optins fr Independent Living 1,406 2,076 Surce: Organizatins 54 LIFE at Hme

59 Older Adults and Supprt Prjected Ppulatin by Brad Age Grup The percentage f peple wh were 60 r lder is expected t grw frm 2015 t Accrding t the Brwn Cunty Transprtatin reprt and the Brwn Cunty Planning Department, many lder adults are lcated in rural areas f Brwn Cunty. Figure 2 Percent f Elderly Ppulatin Living in Pverty In 2014, the U.S. Census estimated that 7% f Brwn Cunty ppulatin age 65 and lder were at r belw the Federal Pverty Level (FPL). Hwever, especially fr lder adults, there were limitatins when using the FPL as the determining factr t assess pverty status. It did nt take int accunt the effects f taxes, public benefits, and expenses n ne s ecnmic situatin, and may have underestimated the financial status f lder adults. The Wiscnsin Institute fr Research n Pverty calculated the adjusted pverty rates fr Wiscnsin residents, which typically is calculated t be 1-2 percentage pints higher. The ADRC reprted 29.1% f adults ver age 65 in Brwn Cunty had incme at r belw 200% f the FPL. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 2 20% Prjected Ppulatin by Brad Age Grup 17% 19% 22% 24% 25% 56% 54% 51% 49% 48% 28% 27% 27% 27% 27% r under r ver Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Administratin Percent f Elderly Individuals Living in Pverty (Federal and WI Adjusted Estimates) Figure 3 Death Rate Due t Alzheimer s Disease The Alzheimer s Assciatin estimated that ne in nine adults age 65 r ver have Alzheimer s disease. As the lder ppulatin grws in the next decades, the disease burden will escalate. Figure 3 shws that the rate f death due t Alzheimer s disease in Brwn Cunty exceeded the statewide rate fr the five years until 2014, when bth Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin reprted 32 deaths per 100,000 peple due t Alzheimer s. Experts say this death rate significantly under-reprts the extent and impact f the disease, because there are ften ther immediate causes f death (such as pneumnia r cancer) fr Alzheimer s patients wh have weakened immune systems. Difficulty Caring fr Elderly Family Member Cmmunity members were asked abut the extent t which they had been unable t adequately care fr an elderly family member. In 2011, 7% f cmmunity members reprted being unable t adequately care fr an elderly family member all, mst, r sme f the time. In 2016, that number remained the same. In bth 2011 and 2016, abut 70% f cmmunity members said they never had prblems adequately caring fr an elderly family member. 15% 10% Figure % 0% % 10% 10% 9% 7% 7% 8% 8% 7% 6% 10% Federal Measure WI Pverty Measure Surce: Wiscnsin Institute fr Research n Pverty Death Rate Due t Alzheimer's Disease per 100,000 Peple % % 7% Brwn C. Wiscnsin Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services LIFE at Hme 55

60 Older Adults and Supprt, cnt. Ttal Recipients and Waiting List fr Lng-Term Care The number f individuals receiving cmmunity lng-term care remained cnsistent between 2008 and 2014 with a minr increase t 1,659 recipients in 2014 despite the grwing lder adult ppulatin in Brwn Cunty. The waiting list fluctuated arund the mid-700s during that time. Hwever, the expenditure per recipient rse by 10%, frm just ver $27,000 in 2009 t nearly $30,000 per recipient in Data fr 2015 will shw a decreasing waiting list due t Brwn Cunty phasing in the state s majr lng-term care redesign, knwn as Family Care t be cmpleted in This new managed care system will give every eligible adult access t services, but places limits n the dllar amunt available t each individual. Figure 2 Use f Paratransit Services Ridership n Green Bay Metr paratransit service declined by 29% between 2009 and Paratransit serves individuals wh cannt physically access fixed-rute public transprtatin. Services were limited t individuals based n physical ability and hme address (lcated within at least three-furths f a mile t a fixed rute). Curative Cnnectins, Inc. Transprtatin Prgram Nnprfit rganizatins play an imprtant rle in the Brwn Cunty transprtatin system fr lder and disabled adults. In 2015, Curative Cnnectins, Inc. was selected as the nnprfit prvider f transprtatin in Brwn Cunty, replacing the Red Crss, which had prvided many rides relying upn a cadre f lcal vlunteer drivers. In 2015, as transitining ccurred, 52,524 rides were prvided by the tw agencies. In 2015, Curative Cnnectins, Inc. prjected t prvide 57,000 rides. Figure 2 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Figure 3 Ttal Recipients and Waiting List fr Lng-Term Care Cmmunity Optins 1,644 1,730 1,808 Number f Rides Prvided by Paratransit Services 68,868 67,384 63,337 59,399 55,821 54,477 48, Surce: Green Bay Metr 1,588 1,657 1, Ttal Recipients Eligible and Waiting Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services Figure 3 Care fr Vulnerable Ppulatins in Brwn Cunty Bth leaders and cmmunity members had fairly psitive views abut the care fr vulnerable peple in the area. In 2016, 64% f cmmunity members and 62% f leaders said Brwn Cunty did an excellent r gd jb f caring fr vulnerable peple. Abut 30% f cmmunity members and leaders rated Brwn Cunty as fair r pr n this issue. The trends were very similar when cmparing cmmunity members views in 2011 and Amng leaders, the mst ntable change was that fewer leaders rated the area as gd r excellent in 2016 cmpared t 2011 (a drp frm 73% t 62% amng leaders). 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Caring fr the Vulnerable 10% 10% 24% 23% 27% 33% 68% 64% 73% 62% Cmmunity Leader Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys 56 LIFE at Hme

61 LIFE at Hme C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s Althugh much prgress was made in prviding supprt fr Brwn Cunty s vulnerable ppulatins (children, yuth, lder adults, and thse with disabilities), sme areas may require further attentin. These areas include lack f data regarding yuth, transitinal services fr individuals with disabilities, ridership n specialized transprtatin, and funding fr elderly and early childhd prgrams. First, there was a lack f data regarding schl-age children and adlescents. The Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin had administered the Yuth Risk Behavir Survey (YRBS) statewide every tw years in crdinatin with the Centers fr Disease Cntrl using a gegraphic sampling strategy. Accrding t the Wiscnsin Department f Health Services, weighted Wiscnsin YRBS data were nt available fr Therefre, the mst recent accurate data n yuth risk behavirs was frm 2013 (fr the entire state). Althugh sme Brwn Cunty schl districts administer the YRBS t students n an individual basis, a crdinated apprach des nt exist. Of the schls that administered the survey in the last tw years, schls administered the survey at different time perids r t different aged students, precluding availability f current, lcal data n the behavirs f yuth. In cntrast, CESA 6 receives funding t crdinate cnsistent YRBS data cllectin, yielding a rich lcal dataset. Brwn Cunty as a whle might cnsider similar data cllectin effrts s mre can be learned abut this grup. Secnd, cmmunity experts agreed yuth with significant disabilities wh were transitining ut f high schl faced waiting lists and insufficient services t help them mve int a new stage f life. While systems f supprt evlved fr the adult ppulatin, the same was nt necessarily true fr yuth, wh relied n numerus supprts frm schls until they graduated and needed t btain cmmunity supprts. Third, ridership n specialized public transprtatin, paratransit, declined in Brwn Cunty. Paratransit serves individuals wh cannt be served by the fixed-rute buses due t physical limitatins. Hwever, access t this service was limited based upn varius eligibility criteria such as hme address, physical capacity, availability f the service in certain municipalities that financially supprt Green Bay Metr, and lcatin within three-quarters f a mile f an existing fixed rute. While the public and nnprfit transprtatin ptins existed, it cntinued t be insufficient relative t the need, especially in rural cmmunities. Furth, all experts serving lder adults and residents with disabilities nted the challenges in cntinuing stable funding f prgrams. These prgrams are typically funded by a mix f federal, state, and lcal surces. Federal funding has been impacted by failure t pass budgets, changing grant cycles, and budget cuts. State funding has been cut r has fluctuated, and lcal leaders discussed hw funding variatins make it challenging t sustain effective prgrams. Lastly, in 2015, Brwn Cunty Human Services and the Aging & Disability Resurce Center (ADRC) began the transitin frm the cunty-based cmmunity ptins waiver prgrams t the Family Care and IRIS system fr lng-term care. This change is slated t be cmplete in July 2018, with implicatins fr access t services. While mre individuals will access care sner and the waiting list fr services will disappear, lng-term care services may be mre limited fr thse receiving supprt services. Mrever, multiple far-reaching plicy prpsals were cnsidered by the Wiscnsin Legislature with ptential dramatic impacts fr this ppulatin. Similarly, in 2016, lnger-term evidence-based hme visiting prgrams in Brwn Cunty experienced significant funding cuts, primarily due t fewer federal dllars being available t states. Cmmunity Partnership fr Children leaders and thers have frmed a task frce t address the cmmunity's reduced capacity t deliver these critical services t families with yung children. In sum, while there are a variety f psitive develpments in Brwn Cunty in the area f Hme, there are als key issues that the cmmunity may want t examine mre clsely. The issues discussed abve represent imprtant pints fr cmmunity discussin and engagement. 57

62 LIFE at Hme D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Hme sectin: factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s2302&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_dp03&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s1701&prdtype=table datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data/tables/3491-children-receiving-wiscnsin-shares-childcare-subsidies?lc=51&lct=2%20- %20detailed/5/ /false/573,869,36,868,867/any/15120 dcf.wiscnsin.gv/yungstar/impact.htm datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data/tables/3489-licensed-child-care-slts?lc=51&lct=2#ranking/2/any/true/any/any/9401 datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data/tables/7622-children-in-ut-f-hme-placements?lc=51&lct=5%20-%20detailed/5/ /false/36,868,867,133,38/any/15497 factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s0101&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s1701&prdtype=table dpi.wi.gv/sspw/yrbs dpi.wi.gv/sites/default/files/imce/sspw/pdf/yrbs13execsum.pdf Other surces: Wiscnsin Department f Children and Families, Family and Childcare Resurces f N.E.W., American Cmmunity Survey 1-Year Estimates, Brwn Cunty Husehld Fd Security Survey, ASPIRO, CP Center, Optins fr Independent Living, Curative Cnnectins, Green Bay Metr Annual Reviews, Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin 58

63 LIFE f Learning LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend r w Attendance rates f fifth-grade students s w Reading prficiency f third-grade students s w Math achievement f eighth-grade students r r High schl graduatin rate s s Library circulatin per capita rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated LEARNING EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity members f all ages cntinue t learn at all stages f life: All yuth and children develp their skills and unique talents t prepare them fr viable careers and a lifetime f learning Adults (yung and returning) can btain affrdable higher educatin leading t imprved career develpment Learning matches area emplyment and pprtunities

64 LIFE f Learn ing S t a t u s n P r g r e s s The LIFE f Learning sectin prvides an verview f educatin in Brwn Cunty, including K-12 student achievement in eight schl districts, higher educatin trends, and perceptins f educatinal quality frm cmmunity members and leaders. Fr sme indicatrs, data frm were included, while in ther areas data frm previus schl years were prvided. Fr each indicatr, the mst recent data available at the time f this reprt was included. A number f interesting trends emerged since the 2011 LIFE Study. Public schls in Brwn Cunty have becme mre diverse in terms f race and ethnicity. In fact, the percentage f minrity students served increased in every district in the cunty frm t In additin, Brwn Cunty as a whle served a greater percentage f minrity students than the state f Wiscnsin. Althugh schls were mre diverse, a slightly smaller percentage f students wh were cnsidered English Language Learners attended public schls in Brwn Cunty in as cmpared t In additin, student achievement data shw prgress. ACT exam trends were quite psitive in Brwn Cunty, as the average ACT scre increased since In the average ACT scre in Brwn Cunty was 22.4, and in it increased by almst a full pint t This trend was nt bserved at the state level, where ACT scres were very stable. In additin, the percentage f students wh graduated high schl in Brwn Cunty in fur years increased. In , 86.03% f students graduated in fur years; in , 88.28% f students graduated in fur years. With regard t higher educatin, the percentage f adults in Brwn Cunty with an Assciate s degree, Bachelr s degree, r graduate/prfessinal degree increased frm 35.2% in 2010 t 39.4% in Eighty-seven percent f cmmunity members and 97% f leaders in Brwn Cunty believed the quality f higher educatin in Brwn Cunty was gd r excellent. Finally, anther imprtant develpment that ccurred in Brwn Cunty since the 2011 LIFE Study was the creatin in 2014 f Achieve Brwn Cunty (ABC), champined by the Brwn Cunty United Way, Greater Green Bay Chamber, and Greater Green Bay Cmmunity Fundatin. ABC is a cuntywide initiative that respnded t the 2011 LIFE Study data and findings that highlighted the imprtance f student achievement, knwledge and skills imprtant t wrkfrce needs. ABC prvides a cmmn framewrk fr cmmunity alignment and fcus acrss sectrs t measurably imprve schl readiness and achievement f yuth beginning at birth thrugh graduatin. Overall, Brwn Cunty has prgressed in the area f educatin in numerus ways. Students in public schls were mre diverse than ever. A greater percentage f students graduated in fur years, and the average ACT scre increased since the last LIFE Study. In additin, mre adults ages 25 years and lder have sme frm f higher educatin. Therefre, Brwn Cunty s ppulatin was mre educated than it ever had been. 60

65 Pre K-12 Educatin Enrllment in Public, Private, and Hme Schls In , a ttal f 51,058 students were enrlled in Brwn Cunty public, private, and hme schls in Pre- Kindergarten thrugh 12 th grade, cmpared t 48,419 students enrlled in Mst public schl districts either maintained similar enrllment numbers r had mdest increases frm t Enrllment in 4-Year-Old Kindergarten In , 2,697 students attended 4-year-ld Kindergarten cmpared t 2,249 in Every district in Brwn Cunty ffered 4-year-ld Kindergarten in , which was nt the case in Figure 2 Vucher Students in Brwn Cunty The number f students in Brwn Cunty using vuchers t attend private schls increased steadily frm t In , nly 53 students utilized vuchers in Brwn Cunty. In , this number increased t 272. Table 1 Open Enrllment in Brwn Cunty Mre families pted t attend Ashwaubenn, De Pere, Denmark, and Hward-Suamic districts in as cmpared t In cntrast, mre families pted t leave Green Bay, Pulaski, and West De Pere in Figure 2 Attendance Rate f 5 th -Grade Students The attendance rate fr 5 th -grade students in Brwn Cunty declined slightly frm 96.6% in t 95.8% in Statewide, a slight decline in 5 th -grade attendance was als bserved, frm 95.9% t 95.6%. Table 1 Increase r Decrease in Enrllments due t Open Enrllment Ashwaubenn De Pere Denmark Green Bay Hward-Suamic Pulaski West De Pere Wrightstwn Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin LIFE f Learning 61

66 Pre K-12 Educatin Special Ppulatins f Students (Lw Incme, Minrity, English Language Learners, Special Educatin) The percent f students eligible fr special educatin in public schls in and remained cnsistent. Overall, 13.5% f students in in Brwn Cunty had a dcumented special need, a slight decline frm 14% in presents minrity enrllment by district in and Each district had an increase in the percentage f minrity students served frm t Brwn Cunty as a whle served a greater percentage f minrity students than the state. Figure 2 displays the percent f students frm lw-incme families by district in and The Green Bay Area Public Schl District served the mst lw-incme families, at 62% fr the schl year. Brwn Cunty as a whle was very similar t the state, serving 40% f students frm lw-incme families. Figure 2 70% 60% Percent f Lw-incme Students 62% Figure 3 displays the percent f students wh were cnsidered English Language Learners in and Brwn Cunty, as a whle, served a greater percentage f English Language Learners as cmpared the state. 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 33% 19% 20% 16% 21% 24% 18% 40% 40% 0% Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin Figure 3 LIFE f Learning 62

67 Pre K-12 Educatin Truancy Rate Students wh had five unexcused absences in ne semester were cnsidered habitually truant. Frm t , Brwn Cunty had a significant decline in the percent f habitually truant students. Fr example, 18% f students in Brwn Cunty were habitually truant in , cmpared t 10% in Hwever, the way the truancy rate was reprted by the Green Bay Area Public Schl District changed frm t , which may explain the decline ver time Prviding Effective Educatin 86% 85% 9% 9% 6% 6% Figures 1, 2, and 3 Cmmunity Perceptins f Educatin Effectiveness and Quality As shwn in Figure 2, there was little difference between 2011 and 2016 in cmmunity perceptins f the effectiveness f educatin in Brwn Cunty, with the majrity f cmmunity members reprting Brwn Cunty as excellent/gd at prviding effective educatin. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys Figure 2 Figure 3 includes perceptins f the effectiveness f educatin brken dwn by race. As shwn, mre nn- White cmmunity members reprted the effectiveness f educatin t be fair/pr cmpared t White cmmunity members. Nn- White Prviding Effective Educatin by Race 72% 16% 12% In additin, 73% f cmmunity members reprted the verall quality f public K-12 educatin as excellent/gd in 2016 (Figure 4). Similar t 2011, the percentage f leaders in Brwn Cunty wh rated the quality f public K- 12 educatin as excellent/gd was greater than that f cmmunity members. White 86% 9% 5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Survey Figure 3 100% 80% Overall Quality f K-12 Schls 10% 12% 11% 9% 17% 14% 60% 40% 20% 73% 73% 87% 87% 0% Cmmunity Leader Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys LIFE f Learning 63

68 Student Achievement Reading Prficiency f 3 rd -Grade Students In , the Wiscnsin Frward Exam was administered t all 3 rd -grade students enrlled in public schls in Wiscnsin. Prir t that year, the Badger Exam was administered. Because tw different tests were administered, crss-year cmparisns f achievement data were nt pssible. As shwn in, 34% f 3 rd -grade students in Brwn Cunty were prficient n the English/Language Arts prtin f the Badger Exam in Figure 2 Mathematics Prficiency f 8 th -Grade Students A slightly greater percentage f 8 th -grade students in Brwn Cunty (33%) were prficient n the mathematics prtin f the Wiscnsin Frward Exam in cmpared t Wiscnsin (30%). Again, crss-year cmparisns were nt pssible because tw different tests were administered. Figure 2 Figure 3 ACT Scres Brwn Cunty had higher ACT scres cmpared t Wiscnsin in , , and In fact, the average ACT scre increased in Brwn Cunty frm 22.4 pints in t 23.1 pints in This trend was nt bserved statewide, where average ACT scres were very cnsistent in that time frame. Figure 3 64 LIFE f Learning

69 Educatin fr At-Risk Students Head Start Enrllment In , the average mnthly enrllment f Early Head Start and Head Start was 40 and 78, respectively. In , the prgram grew substantially t an average mnthly enrllment f 94 and 229 fr these prgrams. Reading Achievement f Ecnmically Disadvantaged 3 rd -Grade Students In Brwn Cunty, nly 27.95% f ecnmically disadvantaged 3 rd -grade students were prficient n the English/Language Arts prtin f the Wiscnsin Frward Exam in The achievement gap in Brwn Cunty was greater than that f Wiscnsin. Figure 2 Reading Achievement f 3 rd -Grade Students by Race/Ethnicity Abut ne-fifth (20.09%) f nn-white 3 rd -graders were prficient n the English/Language Arts prtin f the Wiscnsin Frward Exam in In Wiscnsin, 22.01% f nn-white 3 rd -grade students were prficient. Figure 2 Figure 3 Mathematics Achievement f Ecnmically Disadvantaged 8 th -Grade Students In Brwn Cunty, 16.20% f ecnmically disadvantaged 8 th - graders were prficient n the mathematics prtin f the Wiscnsin Frward Exam in In Wiscnsin, 17.61% f ecnmically disadvantaged 8 th- grade students were prficient. Figure 4 Mathematics Achievement f 8 th -Grade Students by Race/Ethnicity In , just 12.96% f nn-white 8 th -grade students in Brwn Cunty were prficient n the mathematics prtin f the Badger Exam. A slightly greater percentage (15.85%) f nn-white 8 th -grade students were prficient in Wiscnsin. Figure 3 Figure 4 LIFE f Learning 65

70 Educatin fr At-Risk Students Reading Achievement f 3 rd -Grade Students Eligible fr Special Educatin In Brwn Cunty, nly 14.33% f 3 rd -grade students eligible fr special educatin were prficient n the English/Language Arts prtin f the Wiscnsin Frward Exam in cmpared t 36.58% f students wh were nt eligible fr special educatin. This same trend was als bserved in Wiscnsin. In Wiscnsin, nly 14.07% f 3 rd -grade students eligible fr special educatin were prficient cmpared t 37.37% f students wh were nt eligible fr special educatin. Mathematics Achievement f 8 th -Grade Students Eligible fr Special Educatin Only 6.32% f 8 th -grade students eligible fr special educatin were prficient n the mathematics prtin f the Wiscnsin Frward Exam in A similar trend was bserved in Wiscnsin. In Wiscnsin, nly 6.21% f 3 rd -grade students eligible fr special educatin were prficient cmpared t 33.21% f students wh were nt eligible fr special educatin. Suspensin Rate by Gender In , 3% f Brwn Cunty students were suspended frm schl. Males were mre likely than females t be suspended, with 5% f males suspended cmpared t 2% f females. Similar trends were bserved in the state. Figure 2 Suspensin Rate by Race Figure 4 displays the percent f students suspended during the schl year by race. Black/African-American students were much mre likely t be suspended in Brwn Cunty, as well as in Wiscnsin, than all ther racial grups. White and Asian students were the least likely t be suspended. 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Figure 2 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 6% 5% Percent f Students Suspended by Gender 2% 2% 4% 3% 7% 5% 2% 2% Males Females Ttal Males Females Ttal 8% 6% American Indian/Alaska Native Brwn Cunty 1% Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin Percent f Students Suspended by Race Asian 1% 17% 15% Black/African American Brwn Cunty 4% 4% Wiscnsin 7% 5% 6% 3% 4% Hispanic/Latin Tw r Mre Races White Wiscnsin Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin 2% LIFE f Learning 66

71 Supprt fr Educatin Student t Teacher Ratis Cmpared t the state, Brwn Cunty had a lwer studentt-teacher rati since Fr example, in , there were 12.9 students fr every ne teacher in Brwn Cunty, as cmpared t 13.2 students fr every ne teacher in Wiscnsin. Table 1 Expenditures Per Pupil Table 1 displays the amunt f mney spent per pupil in and , as well as the difference between the years. Mst districts in Brwn Cunty had similar expenditures per pupil. Hwever, half f the districts spent mre mney per pupil during the schl year. The district with the largest increase in spending was Hward- Suamic. Table 2 Students Enrlled in Extracurricular Activities in Public High Schls Table 2 displays the percent f students at each district wh participated in academic, athletic, and musical extracurricular activities in and Overall, students were mre likely t participate in academic and athletic extracurricular activities cmpared t musical extracurricular activities. Table 1 Expeditures Per Pupil Difference Ashwaubenn $12,922 $11,039 -$1,883 De Pere $11,829 $11,779 -$50 Denmark $11,474 $11,234 -$240 Green Bay $11,874 $12,114 $240 Hward-Suamic $10,248 $11,057 $809 Pulaski $11,194 $11,179 -$15 West De Pere $11,596 $11,859 $263 Wrightstwn $10,364 $10,969 $605 Statewide $12,462 $12,250 -$212 Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin Table 2 Extracurricular Enrllments Academic Athletic Music Ashwaubenn 30% 28% 47% 46% 18% 17% De Pere 45% 50% 48% 53% 17% 17% Denmark 65% 53% 44% 51% 54% 42% Green Bay 35% 40% 30% 35% 14% 10% Hward-Suamic 37% 30% 44% 43% 14% 19% Pulaski 37% 44% 46% 48% 77% 25% West De Pere 42% 37% 54% 50% 13% 15% Wrightstwn 42% 59% 82% 55% 18% 12% Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin LIFE f Learning 67

72 Student Success High Schl Graduatin Rate High schl graduatin rates were quite high, with 88.28% f Brwn Cunty students in graduating in fur years. This was very cnsistent with Wiscnsin where 88.44% f Wiscnsin students graduated in fur years. Figure 2 High Schl Drput Rate Frm the t schl years, Brwn Cunty saw the lwest drput rate in with just 1.38% f students drpping ut f schl. This percentage spiked in and has since decreased each year. Hwever, the drput rate in Brwn Cunty (1.6%) was higher than that f Wiscnsin (1.3%). Figure 2 Figure 3 Pst-Graduatin Plans The percent f students wh reprted pst-graduatin plans t attend vcatinal/technical clleges decreased slightly in frm , while the percent f students wh reprted plans t attend a fur-year cllege increased slightly. The percentage f students under the miscellaneus categry als increased between and Students wh had ther plans r were undecided were included in the miscellaneus categry. Figure 3 68 LIFE f Learning

73 Higher Educatin Table 1 Enrllment in Higher Educatin Institutins Table 1 presents the number f full-time students at each institutin f higher educatin in Brwn Cunty. In ttal, there were 18,155 full-time students in This amunt was slightly less than the schl year when there were 19,096 full-time students enrlled. Enrllment in Graduate Prgrams In , there were 217 graduate students enrlled in Brwn Cunty (86 at St. Nrbert Cllege and 131 at UW- Green Bay). UW-Green Bay s graduate enrllment increased steadily frm , when 101 graduate students were enrlled. Minrity Enrllment at UW-Green Bay Minrity enrllment at UW-Green Bay increased fr sme minrity grups. Fr example, the percentage f students enrlled wh were African-American and Hispanic/Latin increased between and Hwever, the percentage f peple enrlled wh were American Indian decreased slightly during the same perid. Table 2 Cst f Higher Educatin The cst f educatin increased at every institutin f higher educatin in Brwn Cunty. Table 1 Full-Time Enrllment Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege 9,273 7,800 St. Nrbert Cllege 2, UW-Green Bay 6,638 7,170 Bellin Cllege Rasmussen Cllege Table 2 Surce: Organizatins Tuitin and Fees (Yearly Prices fr fulltime, first-time undergrads) Nrtheast Wiscnsin Technical Cllege $3,511 $6,562 St. Nrbert Cllege $28,043 $34,337 UW-Green Bay $6,973 $7,824 Bellin Cllege $19,639 $24,742 Rasmussen Cllege $13,560 $13,750 Surce: Organizatins Minrity Enrllment at UW-Green Bay 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 3.8% 3.1% 2.3% 1.5% 1.4% African American Hispanic/Latin American Indian Asian Tw r Mre Races Surce: UW System Office f Plicy Analysis and Research LIFE f Learning 69

74 Higher Educatin Cmmunity and Leader Perceptins f Quality f Higher Educatin In 2016, bth cmmunity members and leaders reprted that the quality f higher educatin (technical schls and clleges) in Brwn Cunty was excellent/gd. Leaders were mre likely t reprt this, with almst all leaders (97%) reprting the quality f higher educatin t be excellent/gd. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Overall Quality f Higher Educatin (Technical Schls and Clleges) 3% 3% 7% 6% 89% 87% 95% 97% Cmmunity Leader Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys Figure 2 Highest Educatinal Degree Attained by Adults Between 2010 and 2014, the percentage f adults wh earned a high schl degree r had sme cllege decreased slightly. Hwever, the percentage f adults in Brwn Cunty wh earned an Assciate s, Bachelr s, r graduate/prfessinal degree increased. In 2014, 41% f Brwn Cunty adults had at least an Assciate's degree. Figure 2 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 9.2% 9.3% Highest Educatinal Degree Attained by Brwn Cunty Adults (25 Years and Older) 33.9% 30.5% 21.2% 19.3% 12.7% 9.5% Less than H.S. H.S. Graduate Sme Cllege Assciate's Degree Surce: US Census Bureau 19.1% 20.0% Bachelr's Degree 7.0% 8.3% Graduate r Prfessinal Figure 3 Highest Educatinal Attainment Brwn Cunty matches the statewide and federal trend f increased educatinal attainment when cmparing 2014 t In fact, the prprtin f individuals with Assciate's, Bachelr s, and graduate/prfessinal degrees was very similar in Brwn Cunty t that f Wiscnsin verall. Hwever, acrss the United States, 11.4% f individuals had graduate/prfessinal degrees in 2014, cmpared t nly 8.3% in Brwn Cunty and 9.5% in Wiscnsin. Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin had mre individuals with Assciate's degrees as cmpared t graduate/ prfessinal degrees. Figure 3 Highest Educatinal Attainment 40.00% 8.30% 9.50% 11.40% 30.00% 7.00% 9.00% 10.40% 20.00% 18.30% 19.70% 18.9% 17.40% 17.70% 18.70% 10.00% 11.40% 9.90% 9.30% 10.30% 7.60% 8.20% 0.00% Brwn C. WI US Assciate's Bachelr's Graduate/Prfessinal Surce: US Census Bureau 70 LIFE f Learning

75 Adult Learning Library Expenditures per Capita Brwn Cunty libraries had less expenditures per capita as cmpared t the state. In additin, matching the state trend, Brwn Cunty spent less per capita in 2015 ($28.05 per capita) as cmpared t 2010 ($30.16 per capita). Figure 2 Library Circulatin per Capita The amunt f library transactins per persn decreased in bth Brwn Cunty and the state. Fr example, in 2010 there were 9.7 library transactins per persn in Brwn Cunty as cmpared t 7.6 transactins per persn in $70.00 $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 Library Expenditures per Capita $28.05 Brwn C. Wiscnsin $58.92 Cmmunity Perceptins f Opprtunities fr Cntinuing Educatin fr Adults Eighty-fur percent f cmmunity members in 2016 reprted Brwn Cunty had excellent/gd pprtunities fr cntinuing educatin fr adults. Similarly, 82% f cmmunity members in 2016 reprted Brwn Cunty met persnal/family s educatinal needs. Utilizatin f Adult Literacy Services & English as a Secnd Language (ESL) Classes In 2015, Literacy Green Bay served 785 peple in Brwn Cunty as cmpared t 596 peple in Of the 785 peple served in 2015, 85% were in English as a Secnd Language classes. Lifelng Learning Institute Enrllment UW-Green Bay s Lifelng Learning Institute (frmally knwn as Learning in Retirement) cntinued t serve adults in the cmmunity. Accrding t Lifelng Learning Institute staff, the number f curses ffered grew frm 209 curses in 2010 t 343 curses in Althugh the number f curses ffered grew, the number f peple wh participated stayed relatively cnstant, with 1,004 peple served in 2010 cmpared t 973 peple served in Figure 3 Cmmunity and Leader Perceptins f Investment in Educatin Similar t 2011, mre than half f cmmunity members believed Brwn Cunty was ding an excellent/gd jb at investing needed resurces t ensure quality educatin in the future. Hwever, mre leaders than cmmunity members rated this area as fair/pr. Figure Figure 3 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Brwn C. Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin Library Circulatin per Capita: Transatins Per Persn % 17% 27% 24% Wiscnsin Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin 33% 57% 59% 61% 6% 7% Cmmunity Leader 37% 56% 13.0 Investing Needed Resurces t Ensure Quality Educatin in the Future Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys LIFE f Learning 71

76 LIFE f Learn ing C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s Despite Brwn Cunty s prgress in the area f educatin, a number f key findings shuld cntinue t be examined. Althugh certainly a strength, the grwing diversity fund in Brwn Cunty public schls meant students were mre dissimilar than they were alike. This culd certainly be a challenge fr districts, schls, and teachers wh are charged with the task f individualizing instructin fr students. In additin, the percentage f students in Brwn Cunty frm ecnmically disadvantaged backgrunds increased. In 2016, tw ut f every five students (40%) were f lw-incme status. Students frm lw-incme backgrunds ften cme t schl with a hst f mre pressing issues utside f academics. As such, cmmunity members and leaders must recgnize the impacts that pverty has n educatin in ur cmmunity. Fr example, just 28% f third-grade students wh were ecnmically disadvantaged in Brwn Cunty were prficient n the English/Language Arts prtin f the Wiscnsin Frward Exam in Brwn Cunty cmpared t 50% f third-grade students wh were nt ecnmically disadvantaged. As cmpared t the state, this achievement gap was mre prnunced in Brwn Cunty. Fr example, acrss Wiscnsin 24% f ecnmically disadvantaged third-graders were prficient, and 43% f students wh were nt ecnmically disadvantaged were prficient. Anther key finding was in regard t suspensins f students by race. In , 17% f all Black/African-American students were suspended. Eight percent f American Indian/Alaska Native students were suspended, and 7% f students f tw r mre races were suspended. Yet, nly 3% f all White students in Brwn Cunty were suspended. This disprprtinality was nt unique t Brwn Cunty, but culd be fund acrss the state f Wiscnsin, as well as the natin. Hwever, this trend is alarming. The Brwn Cunty cmmunity may want t explre why this disprprtinality existed and discuss ways t decrease the discrepancies between racial grups with regard t this issue. Finally, it is imprtant t nte that althugh Brwn Cunty adults were mre educated than ever, the cst f tuitin rse substantially fr all higher educatin institutins in Brwn Cunty. With a grwing percentage f ecnmically disadvantaged yuth, the cst f higher educatin may prevent students frm cntinuing educatin. Althugh a number f psitive develpments in Brwn Cunty were highlighted at the utset f this sectin, the cmmunity may want t explre sme key issues in the future. 72

77 LIFE f Learn ing D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Learning sectin: wisedash.dpi.wi.gv/dashbard/prtalhme.jsp legis.wiscnsin.gv/lab/reprts/11-penenrllment_ltr.pdf dcs.legis.wiscnsin.gv/misc/lfb/infrmatinal_papers/january_2015/0026_pen_enrllment_prgram_infrmatinal_paper_26.p df dpi.wi.gv/sites/default/files/news-release/dpinr2015_103.pdf dpi.wi.gv/sms/chice-prgrams/data/wpcp-histrical dcs.legis.wiscnsin.gv/misc/lfb/infrmatinal_papers/january_2013/0027_pen_enrllment_prgram_infrmatinal_paper_27.p df dpi.wi.gv/schl-nutritin/prgram-statistics apps2.dpi.wi.gv/sdpr/district-reprt.actin apps2.dpi.wi.gv/sdpr/district-reprt.actin dpi.wi.gv/wisedash/dwnladfiles/type?field_wisedash_uplad_type_value=attendance&field_wisedash_data_view_value=certified apps2.dpi.wi.gv/sdpr/spr.actin factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_5yr_s1501&prdtype=table issuu.cm/literacygreenbay/dcs/lgb_annual_reprt_ /1 Other surces: UW System s Office f Plicy Analysis and Research 73

78 74

79 LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend r r Percent f days with gd quality air s s Miles f impaired surface waters rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated NATURAL ENVIRONMENT EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity leaders and members: Value and practice cnservatin, stewardship, and prtectin f the natural envirnment Have the pprtunity t enjy the utdrs Experience clean air and water Preserve green space and implement well-managed land develpment

80 LIFE in ur Natural Env irnment S t a t u s n P r g r e s s The natural envirnment is imprtant t the quality f life in Brwn Cunty and frms a fundatin fr ecnmic activity, turism, health, and recreatin pprtunities fr visitrs and residents alike. The Brwn Cunty area is hme t wnderful natural resurces, recreatinal pprtunities, and beautiful natural surrundings. Since the publicatin f the 2011 LIFE Study, there have been a number f psitive develpments in this sectr. It was clear that bth cmmunity leaders and cmmunity members maintained psitive views abut the quality f the natural envirnment in Brwn Cunty. In 2016, abut 80% f cmmunity members and leaders rated the quality f the natural envirnment as excellent r gd. It is als wrth nting that accrding t data frm the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency, in 2015 there were 291 days with gd air quality, 81 days with mderate air quality, ne day that was unhealthy fr sensitive persns, and n unhealthy days. Thus, the percentage f days (80%) in Brwn Cunty with gd air quality was the highest n recrd since In the past few years there has been a slight decrease in the number f asthma-related hspitalizatins in Brwn Cunty. Water quality issues have been recgnized and addressed by cmmunity leaders, a significant imprvement because data frm the 2016 cmmunity survey indicated 48% f peple rated the quality f water in area lakes and rivers as fair r pr (a slight decrease frm 54% in 2011). There have been a number f effrts t clean up lcal bdies f water. The Fx River Cleanup Prject, fr example, is an nging effrt t address the presence f plychlrinated biphenyls in the Fx River. Since the 2011 LIFE Study, Cunty Executive Try Streckenbach established a Phsphrus Cmmittee. Accrding t the cunty, The Phsphrus Cmmittee s charge was t develp a strategy fcusing n the attainment f a lng-term sustainable Lwer Fx and Bay f Green Bay watershed that was healthy and ecnmically viable fr agriculture, industry, turism and residents in Brwn Cunty while lking fr a lng-term slutin that mitigates cmpliance impacts and csts. A successful utcme will be fr a partnership amng industry, agriculture, municipalities and varius units f gvernment t find mre cst-effective ways f develping slutins t reach the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency s mandated Ttal Maximum Daily Lad (TMDL). The cmmittee membership included a brad selectin f cunty stakehlders such as cunty, lcal, and tribal gvernment, businesses, higher educatin, and utilities. Recmmendatins and a white paper were released in 2013 that included eight recmmendatins that fcused n practices t prevent and incentivize better runff cntrl, investigate alternative ways t prcess waste, explre ways t prtect crplands, and wrk with legislatrs t staff and enfrce regulatin f Cncentrated Animal Feeding Operatins (CAFOs), r large farms. There have been a number f imprvements in this area since the publicatin f the 2011 LIFE Study. Given the imprtance f the natural envirnment, it will be valuable t cntinually mnitr indicatrs in this area. Cllecting additinal data in the future will allw the cmmunity t evaluate areas f imprvement and t address emerging envirnmental issues and cncerns. 76

81 Perceptins f Envirnmental Quality Perceptins f the Quality f the Natural Envirnment Bth cmmunity leaders and cmmunity members had psitive views abut the quality f the natural envirnment in Brwn Cunty. In 2011, 76% f surveyed cmmunity members rated the quality f the natural envirnment as excellent r gd. That number increased t 79% in In 2011, 82% f surveyed cmmunity leaders rated the natural envirnment as excellent r gd. That number was nearly identical in 2016 (81%). 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% The Quality f the Natural Envirnment 22% 19% 18% 19% 76% 79% 82% 81% Cmmunity Leader Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys Figure 2 Perceptins f Addressing Emerging Envirnmental Issues Cmmunity members had split views abut the extent t which Brwn Cunty addressed emerging envirnmental issues befre they became significant prblems. In 2016, 45% f cmmunity members rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd n this issue. That same year, 35% f cmmunity members rated Brwn Cunty as being gd r fair. A fairly large number f peple in 2016 said they were nt sure abut this issue. Perceptins abut addressing emerging envirnmental issues were nearly identical in 2011 cmpared t Figure Addressing Emerging Envirmental Issues 43% 39% 45% 35% 19% 20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment 77

82 Air Quality Percent f Days with Gd Quality Air In 2015, there were 291 days with gd air quality, 81 days with mderate air quality, ne day that was unhealthy fr sensitive persns, and n unhealthy days. In 2015, the percentage f days with gd air quality was the highest n recrd since Small particulate (PM 2.5) was the majr pllutant n 186 days, fllwed by zne n 143 days. Trend analysis shwed that the percentage f days in which zne was the majr pllutant increased (due in part t traffic) while small particulate as the majr pllutant (frm factry and cal discharge) held steady as the majr pllutant rughly half f the days., Table 1 Punds f Txic Chemicals Released int Air The Txic Release Inventry (TRI) tracked the release by industrial facilities f txic chemicals int the air, water, and land that may be harmful t public health. Of the 1.5 millin punds f txic waste released in Brwn Cunty in 2014, 83% (1.23 millin punds) was released int the air. Figure 2 shwed the tp five txic chemicals generated as prductin-related waste. Because these data were nt readily available in 2010, crss-year cmparisns were nt pssible. Figure 2 Age-Adjusted Hspitalizatin Rate fr Asthma The asthma rate is ften used as an indicatr f air quality fr a regin. In 2014, Brwn Cunty s rate f persns diagnsed with asthma drpped t 6.7 cases per 10,000 ppulatin accrding t the Wiscnsin Department f Health Services. Frm that same surce, Brwn Cunty had 461 hspital emergency rm visits per 100,000 persns, cmpared t Wiscnsin s much lwer rate f 376. Perceptins f Air Quality in Brwn Cunty Cmmunity members were asked t rate the quality f the air in Brwn Cunty in 2011 and In 2011, 62% f cmmunity members said air quality was excellent r gd and 38% rated the air quality as fair r pr. In 2016, 72% f cmmunity members said the air quality in Brwn Cunty was excellent r gd and 28% said it was fair r pr. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure % Table 1 Percent f Days with Gd Quality Air, Ozne, and Small Particulate 66% 52% 53% 32% 33% 49% 70% 23% 69% 72% 49% 49% 42% 38% Gd quality days Ozne PM 2.5 Surce: Envirnmental Prtectin Agency Tp Five Txic Chemicals Released int Air Brwn Cunty, 2014 Chemical Percent Hydrchlric Acid 52% Sulfuric Acid 20% Ozne 6% Hydrgen Fluride 5% Methanl 3% Other 14% TOTAL 1.23 millin lbs. (100%) Surce: Envirnmental Prtectin Agency Age-Adjusted Hspitalizatin Rate fr Asthma Figure 2 (per 10,000 ppulatin) % 53% 35% Brwn C. WI Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services % 48% 43% 78 LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment

83 Drinking Water Quality Table 1 Brwn Cunty Envirnmental Health Water Summary The Wiscnsin Department f Health Services reprted in 2016 that public water surces shwed negligible levels f arsenic and nitrate. Hwever, testing f a sampling f Brwn Cunty private wells paints a different picture: While nitrate levels were fund acceptable [between micrgrams per liter (mg/l)], sme private wells exceeded the maximum allwable limit fr arsenic at 21 r mre mg/l, substantially higher than the maximum cncentratin f 11 mg/l. In 2016, bth area water prviders, Green Bay Water Utility (GBWU) and Central Brwn Cunty Water Authrity (CBCWA, serving abut half f Brwn Cunty residents), reprted n cntaminants that exceeded maximum limits. Bth utilities have seen elevated lead cncerns due t crrsin f husehld plumbing, althugh nly GBWU exceeded cntaminant levels in CBCWA reached the 90% threshld. The GBWU implemented an actin plan with the Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces and Brwn Cunty Health Department titled Operatin: Get the Lead Out. In August, 2016, the city f Green Bay allcated $300,000 f its stadium tax prceeds t replace lead water pipes in husehlds. Perceptins f Drinking Water Quality In bth 2011 and 2016, surveyed cmmunity members had psitive assessments abut the quality f drinking water in the area. In 2011, 77% f cmmunity members said the quality f drinking water was excellent r gd and 22% said it was fair r pr. In 2016, 80% f cmmunity members rated the quality f drinking water as excellent r gd. That year, 17% f peple said drinking water quality was fair r pr. Table 1 Envirnmental Health Prfile - Water Quality 2016 Brwn Cunty WI Average Public Water Arsenic cncentratin (mg/l) Nitrate cncentratin (mg/l) Private Well Water Arsenic cncentratin (mg/l) 21.0/abve Max=11.0 Nitrate cncentratin (mg/l) Max= Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Heath Services The Quality f Drinking Water 77% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys 22% 17% LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment 79

84 Surface Water Quality Table 1 Impaired Surface Waters The Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces (DNR) assesses water bdies n a cntinual basis. In 2010, the DNR changed the criteria fr listing lakes, streams, and rivers as impaired and reevaluated waterbdies accrding t new criteria, with a fcus n Ttal Phsphrus. Between 2010 and 2016, 94 miles f rivers and streams were determined t be attaining ptimal use (nt impaired), and 241 miles were fund t be impaired, ften due t Ttal Phsphrus. Nnpint Surce Pllutin f Lwer Fx River The majrity f waterways in Brwn Cunty feed int the Lwer Fx River and Bay f Green Bay, tw waterbdies designated by the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) as areas f cncern (with impairment f beneficial use and threatened ability t supprt aquatic life) due t histrical pint-surce pllutin. Accrding t the Brwn Cunty Planning and Land Services Department, nnpint surce pllutin (runff) was cnsidered the majr surce f impairment. In 2012, the EPA reprted that 63% f Ttal Phsphrus and 98% f Ttal Suspended Slids ladings in the Lwer Fx River were frm nn-pint surces. Table 2 State f the Bay Reprt: Status and Trend Assessment The State f the Bay reprt was released in 2013 by the University f Wiscnsin Sea Grant Institute. Since 1993, the last published reprt abut the Bay, mst fish ppulatins imprved, castal wetlands remained in fair cnditin, beach clsings due t bacterial cntaminatin remained stable, and there were lwer levels f ammnia and disslved xygen. The reprt identified the fllwing areas as needing wrk: reducing cncentratins f phsphrus, nitrate, suspended slids, and ther txic chemicals, such as plychlrinated biphenyls (PCBs); reducing excess grwth f algae; imprving water clarity; and reducing aquatic invasive species. Accrding t the reprt, the Fx River Cleanup frm Little Rapids t De Pere was cmpleted in The nly segment left t cmplete was frm the De Pere dam t Green Bay, which was expected in Since this part f the Fx River cntains the largest mass f PCB cntaminatin, it will take the lngest t clean up. The full reprt can be fund at Perceptins f the Quality f Rivers and Lakes Cmmunity members had divided views abut the quality f water in lakes and rivers. In 2011, 45% f cmmunity members said the quality f water in rivers and lakes was excellent r gd. In 2016, 50% f peple rated the quality f rivers and lakes as excellent r gd. There were a number f effrts t clean up lcal bdies f water. The Fx River Cleanup Prject, fr example, is an nging effrt t address the presence f PCBs in the Fx River. Table 1 Impaired Surface Water Assessment Attaining Ttal Impaired Cycle Uses Assessed Table 2 Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces Status and Trend Assessment f Green Bay Water Quality Indicatrs Indicatr Status Trend Ttal Phsphrus Pr Unchanging Ammnia Gd Unchanging Nitrate Fair-Gd Deterirating Suspended Slids Pr Unchanging Chlrphyll a Pr Unchanging Water Clarity (Secchi) Pr Unchanging Disslved Oxygen (DO) Fair Imprving Txic Cntaminants Pr Undetermined Water Levels Belw Average Declining Beach Health Fair Undetermined Aquatic Invasive Species Pr Deterirating Benthic Macrinvert. Pr Undetermined Castal Wetlands Fair Deterirating Walleye Gd Unchanging Yellw Perch Mixed Imprving Sptted Musky Fair Imprving Nrthern Pike Fair Unchanging Lake Sturgen Recvering Imprving Clnial Nesting Birds Mixed Imprv. t Deterirat. Surce: University f Wiscnsin Sea Grant Institute, 2013 reprt The Quality f Water in Rivers and Lakes 45% 50% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 54% 48% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment 80

85 Land Use and Quality Average Size f Farms (Acres) In 2002, Brwn Cunty had 1,117 farms. In 2012, that number remained relatively unchanged at 1,111. Hwever, the average acreage f Brwn Cunty farms shrank frm 176 acres in 2002 t 163 acres in In all the years shwn in, the average size f farms in Brwn Cunty (in acres) was less than the state average Average Size f Farms (acres) Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin Surce: USDA Agricultural Census Figure 2 Cw Density n Brwn Cunty Farms In 2007, the U.S. Department f Agriculture (USDA) annual agricultural census cunted 38 Brwn Cunty farms with 500 r mre head f cattle, and that number grew t 57 in In 2007, the U.S. Census reprted that Brwn Cunty farms had almst twice the rate f cw density (cws per acre f crpland) as the Wiscnsin average: Brwn Cunty farms averaged 0.65 cws per acre f crpland cmpared t the state average, which was 0.33 cws per acre. The gap grew by 2012, when Brwn Cunty saw 0.81 cws per acre cmpared t the state average, which was 0.35 cws per acre. Figure Cw Density n Brwn Cunty Farms (cws per acre f crpland) Brwn C. WI Surce: USDA Agricultural Census Table 1 Land Use by Categry Between 2000 and 2014, Brwn Cunty land use began t reflect a grwing, urbanized envirnment. The largest change in land use ccurred in the acreage used fr agricultural purpses (a decline f 11,645 acres frm 2000 t 2014). Table 1 Land Use by Categry, Percent Change frm 2000 Actual Acreage Change Residential 44,657 45, % 808 Cmmercial 4,740 5, % 365 Industrial 6,050 6, % 611 Transprtatin 25,339 26, % 1,170 Utilities 1,526 1, % 20 Gvernment 3,590 3, % 67 Outdr recreatin 10,939 10, % 53 Agricultural 180, , % -11,645 Natural areas/vacant 65,458 74, % 8,551 Ttal acreage 342, , Surce: Brwn Cunty Planning Cmmissin LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment 81

86 Natural Resurce Use and Cnservatin Residents Wh Cmmuted Alne by Autmbile t Wrk The number f residents wh cmmuted alne by car t wrk remained fairly stable in Brwn Cunty. In 2014, data frm the U.S. Census revealed that 85% f peple cmmuted t wrk alne. That number was higher than the state rate f 81% and the U.S. rate f 77%. Figure 2 Punds f Material Recycled per Resident The Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces tracked the amunt f material recycled per resident. After a slight decline frm 2007 t 2009, the amunt in Brwn Cunty had been quite stable. In 2014, the number f punds f material recycled per resident was % 90% 80% 70% 60% Figure 2 Residents wh Cmmuted Alne by Autmbile t Wrk 85% 83% 83% 83% 82% 81% 80% 80% 81% 81% 77% 76% 76% 76% 77% Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin United States Surce: U.S. Census Table 1 Kilwatt Hurs Cnsumed per WPS Custmer The last clumn in Table 1 calculates the percentage change in the number f kilwatt hurs cnsumed per custmer frm 2009 t Residential and public lighting saw decreases in the amunt f kilwatt hurs cnsumed, while small cmmercial and industrial saw increases Punds f Material Recycled Per Resident Cnservatin by Business and Industry In the 2011 LIFE Study, tw Brwn Cunty businesses were participating in the Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces Green Tier prgram, an initiative that helps businesses identify ways t becme mre sustainable. In 2016, fur businesses were participating. Brwn Cunty was hme t 16 Leadership in Energy and Envirnmental Design (LEED) Certified Buildings in 2016 accrding t the University f Wiscnsin-Extensin database, including a mix f public and private rganizatins representing health care, retail, ffice, and industrial purpses. LEED is an in-depth certificatin prgram t prmte buildings that were resurce efficient Table 1 Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces KWH per custmer % change Residential 7,257 7,067-3% Small cmmercial 71,081 72,951 3% Industrial 17,434,522 18,274,380 5% Public lighting 67,690 65,667-3% Surce: Wiscnsin Public Service Cmmissin 82 LIFE in ur Natural Envirnment

87 LIFE in ur Natural Env irnment C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s The natural envirnment sectr has experienced sme psitive changes since the 2011 LIFE Study, highlighted by cllabrative effrts t imprve water quality. Hwever, the cmmunity may want t cnsider sme challenges and cncerns. While the number f days with gd quality air was the best it has been in a lng time in Brwn Cunty, small particulate (PM 2.5) was the majr pllutant n 186 days, fllwed by zne n 143 days. The amunt f zne increased ver the past several years. There may be health cnsequences assciated with these air pllutants. It is als imprtant t nte the number f residents wh cmmute alne (by car) t wrk has remained fairly stable in Brwn Cunty. The U.S. Census estimated that 85% f peple in Brwn Cunty cmmuted t wrk alne. That was higher than the state rate f 81% and the U.S. rate f 77%. Althugh the public had psitive views abut the quality f drinking water in the area, there were cncerns abut the quality f water in lcal rivers and lakes. In 2016, 48% f surveyed cmmunity members rated the quality f water in rivers and lakes as fair r pr. Objective indicatrs revealed there are sme cncerns with surface water quality in the Lwer Fx River and Bay f Green Bay. Lcal bdies f water have been impacted strngly by nn-pint surces f runff. The Ttal Phsphrus and Ttal Slid Sediment lads exceeded standards and culd lead t algae grwth, pr water clarity, and less disslved xygen. In the State f the Bay reprt, many water quality indicatrs were listed as being in pr (unchanging) r fair and deterirating cnditin. Only tw indicatrs were listed as being in gd cnditin. Water quality issues can pse a lng-term threat t the ecnmy, recreatin, turism, and health. Experts indicated that many water quality cncerns stem frm agricultural practices and the increasing density f farming activities. Abut half f Brwn Cunty land was used fr agricultural purpses in 2014, which is a decline f mre than 11,000 acres since Yet the extent f agricultural activity has grwn, putting a great deal f pressure n Brwn Cunty s ability t manage cattle waste, and threatens the surface water and air quality in the regin. The number f large farms (with 500+ cattle) grew frm 39 in 2007 t 57 in In recent years, Brwn Cunty farms averaged 0.81 cws per acre cmpared t Wiscnsin, which had 0.35 cws per acre. The pressure n lcal crpland and waste dispsal systems has increased dramatically. Accrding t the Green Bay Press-Gazette (August 2, 2016), the Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces has scaled back prpsed rules regulating factry farms manure spreading amid cmplaints [abut cst] frm the dairy industry. The plicy wuld have reduced the amunt f manure that culd be applied per acre and wuld have limited spraying f manure. Brwn Cunty will be impacted perhaps mre than any ther Wiscnsin cunty by these plicy changes due t the nature f agriculture in this area. The actins f lcal cmmunity leaders will becme mre imprtant than ever t water quality. Lcal gvernment leaders have begun t shw willingness t act n the prblem with the wrk f the Brwn Cunty Phsphrus Cmmittee, a varied grup f business, academic, and gvernment leaders. Cntinued attentin t these issues by leaders will be imprtant t making prgress n envirnmental practices that will reduce and prevent pllutin. It was als imprtant t nte that zne grew as the majr pllutant. In 2009, zne was the majr pllutant fund n 117 days cmpared t 156 days in 2015 a high pint in the last six years. Ozne, r smg pllutin, was caused by emissins frm pwer plants, factries, and cars. When inhaled, zne irritates lungs and airways and increases the risk f serius lung and heart disease. Overall, there are a number f imprtant issues the cmmunity shuld cntinue t discuss and mnitr. Althugh there were a number f existing data surces that have helped the cmmunity understand many issues mentined in this sectin, gvernments, nnprfits, and businesses shuld cntinue t cllect data in rder t understand envirnmental prblems, track prgress, and address emerging issues. 83

88 LIFE in ur Natural Env ir nment D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Envirnment sectin: iaspub.epa.gv/triexplrer/tri_factsheet.factsheet?&pstate=wi&pcunty=brwn&pyear=2014&pdataset=triq1 iaspub.epa.gv/triexplrerrelease_chemp_view=coch&trilib=triq1&srt=_view_&srt_fmt=1&state=55&cunty=55009 &chemical=all +chemicals&industry=all&year=2014&tab_rpt=1&fld=rellby&fld=tsfdsp ephtracking.cdc.gv/reprts/onestate/m00103_wi.html gbwater.rg/water-quality/cnsumer-cnfidence-reprts wi.water.usgs.gv/gwcmp/find/brwn/index_full.html pdf psc.wi.gv/apps40/iou/default.aspx www4.uwm.edu/shwec/ psc.wi.gv/apps40/annlreprt/default.aspx dnr.wi.gv/lakes/invasives/aislists.aspx?species=zm&lcatin=any dnrx.wiscnsin.gv/swims/public/reprting.d?type=11&actin=pst&frmat=html&statinn= Other surces: Brwn Cunty Envirnmental Health Reprt , Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Envirfacts, Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces (Ashley Beranek), Wiscnsin Department f Health Services Envirnmental Health Prfile, Census f Agriculture (number and size f farms), Brwn Cunty Planning Cmmissin, American Cmmunity Survey 1-Year Estimates (energy use and cnservatin), Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces Divisin f Air and Waste (Steve Drake punds recycled per capita), 84

89 LIFE f Recreatin & Leisure LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend w w Ttal trail miles w w Park acreage r r Direct visitr spending rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated RECREATION AND LEISURE EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity members and visitrs f all ages and ability levels: Enjy regular, satisfying indr and utdr recreatinal activity fr verall physical, mental, and scial well-being Have access t clean, safe rivers and lakes, trails, parks, and ther utdr resurces fr recreatin Enjy appealing ptins fr shpping, dining, and entertainment events

90 LIFE f Re creatin & Leisure P r g r e s s There are a wide variety f pprtunities fr recreatin and leisure in the Brwn Cunty area. An analysis f data related t recreatin and leisure indicated many psitive develpments in recent years. Brwn Cunty cntinues t maintain a large number f trails and parks that peple can enjy during all seasns. Accrding t data frm the Brwn Cunty Parks Department, the cunty had 362 ttal miles f trails as f The city f Green Bay maintained an additinal 45 miles f trails. Thus, there are 407 ttal miles f trails fr use in Brwn Cunty. In additin, the ttal amunt f park acreage was 3,145 acres in Survey data reveals that cmmunity members and leaders have very psitive assessments f recreatin and leisure pprtunities in the area. Cmmunity members in Brwn Cunty had verwhelmingly psitive views f the quality f parks and playgrunds. In the 2011 cmmunity survey, 85% f cmmunity members said parks and playgrunds were excellent r gd. In the 2016 survey, 86% f cmmunity members rated the quality f parks and playgrunds as excellent r gd. Cmmunity members als had a high level f satisfactin with the quality f bike and walking trails in the area. In 2011, 80% f the cmmunity rated biking and walking trails as excellent r gd. In 2016, that number increased slightly t 83%. It was als ntewrthy that cmmunity leaders and cmmunity members verwhelmingly believed the area prvided a variety f recreatin and leisure pprtunities fr residents. In 2016, 80% f cmmunity members said Brwn Cunty did an excellent r gd jb at prviding a variety f pprtunities fr residents, which was an increase f 7 percentage pints frm the 2011 survey. In the 2016 survey, 83% f cmmunity leaders said Brwn Cunty did an excellent r gd jb at prviding a variety f pprtunities fr residents. That was nearly identical t the percentage in 2011 (85%). Anther psitive develpment was the steady increase in direct visitr spending since In 2010, the amunt f ttal direct visitr spending was $480 millin. By 2015, the amunt f ttal direct visitr spending increased t $613.7 millin. Frm 2014 t 2015, the amunt f direct visitr spending increased by abut 4.22%. A number f new develpments prvided additinal pprtunities t increase visitr spending. A variety f htels pened r will pen in the Brwn Cunty area. The Titletwn District, which will be develped n 34 acres west f Lambeau Field, will generate mre turism spending and create a new destinatin fr residents and visitrs. Given the increasing level f visitr spending, it is imprtant t nte many peple wh wrk in Brwn Cunty were emplyed in jbs related t turism. Over the past several years, the number f peple wrking in turism-related jbs had increased slightly, frm 11,195 in 2013 t 11,202 in 2014 and 11,293 in If levels f turism increase in the cming years, wrkfrce will need t keep pace. Experts have nted that a grup f stakehlders in the area have begun t explre ptins fr educating and building a strnger lcal wrkfrce t supprt the hspitality industry. 86

91 Outdr Recreatin Table 1 Ttal Trail Miles Accrding t data frm the Brwn Cunty Parks Department, the cunty had 362 ttal miles f trails in There was a wide variety f trail types in the area, including trails fr hiking, skiing, and snwsheing. In 2016, the city f Green Bay maintained an additinal 45 miles f trails. These data were tracked differently in 2010, s direct cmparisns t previus years shuld nt be made. Thus, there were 407 ttal miles f trails. Accrding t the Brwn Cunty Planning Cmmissin draft Cmprehensive Plan, Mre recently, Brwn Cunty s cmmunities have begun t re-evaluate the balance f transprtatin facilities, and there was a renewed interest in creating cmmunities that encurage walking and bicycling as part f a healthy lifestyle. Multi-use trails alng Cardinal Lane in Hward, Packerland Drive in Ashwaubenn and Hbart, and Cunty Highway GV in Ledgeview and Bellevue, as well as the inclusin f sidewalks as part f neighbrhd infrastructure and safe rutes t schl effrts in many Brwn Cunty cmmunities indicate hw nn-vehicular transprtatin is gaining imprtance. Table 2 Park Acreage Brwn Cunty devtes a fairly large amunt f land t parks. The tw largest lcal gvernments (Brwn Cunty and city f Green Bay) in Brwn Cunty maintained a ttal f 5,463 acres f parks and greenways. In 2016, the city f Green Bay maintained 2,342 acres f park land. Accrding t the Brwn Cunty Parks Department, in 2010 the ttal amunt f park acreage was 3,676 acres, and in 2016 the ttal amunt f park acreage was 3,145 acres. Accrding t the Brwn Cunty Parks Department, the change in acreage between 2010 and 2016 was due t right-f-way changes alng radways and the exclusin f Baird Creek Parkway and Triangle, which are wned by Brwn Cunty, but maintained by the city f Green Bay. Thus, the decrease was due t a change in accunting rather than the cunty ding away with parks Table 1 Trail Miles in Brwn Cunty, 2016 Type f Trail Miles Hiking 57 Biking 34 Muntain Biking 19 Snw Biking 6 Hrseback Riding 11 Crss Cuntry Skiing 34 Snwmbiling 192 Snwsheing 9 Surce: Brwn Cunty Parks Department Table 2 Park Acreage in Brwn Cunty, 2016 Park Name Acreage Barkhausen Preserve/Ft. Hward Wildlife Area 915 Bay Shre Park 84 Brwn Cunty Park & Pet Exercise 25 Brwn Cunty Fairgrunds 36 Fnferek's Glen 75 Lily Lake 124 Neshta Park 257 Pamperin Pakr 74 Refrestatin Camp 1500 Way-Mrr Park 28 Wequick Falls 3 Surce: Brwn Cunty Parks Department Quality f Cmmunity Parks and Playgrunds 85% 14% 2% Cmmunity Perceptins f Parks and Playgrunds Cmmunity members in Brwn Cunty had verwhelmingly psitive views f the quality f parks and playgrunds. In 2011, 85% f the cmmunity said parks and playgrunds were excellent r gd. In 2016, 86% f cmmunity members rated the quality f parks and playgrunds as excellent r gd. Attitudes tward the quality f parks and playgrunds have been remarkably stable ver the past five years % 12% 2% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys LIFE f Recreatin & Leisure 87

92 Outdr Recreatin Cmmunity Perceptins f Quality f Bike and Walking Trails As was the case fr perceptins f the quality f parks and playgrunds, cmmunity members had very psitive views abut the quality f bike and walking trails in the area. In 2011, 80% f the cmmunity rated biking and walking trails as excellent r gd. In 2016, that number increased slightly t 83% Quality f Cmmunity Bike and Walking Trails 80% 13% 7% Participatin in Miracle League The Alluez Optimists Miracle League f Green Bay is a nnprfit rganizatin that prvides children with mental r physical challenges, ages 4 t 19 years, an pprtunity t play baseball. Green Bay Miracle League began in 2009 with 165 kids and 250 vlunteers. Since 2013, the prgram has served 200 children a year with the help f 300 t 400 vlunteers. Figure 2 Perceptins f Recreatin and Leisure Opprtunities Cmmunity leaders and cmmunity members verwhelmingly believed the area prvided a variety f recreatin and leisure pprtunities fr residents. In 2016, 80% f cmmunity members said Brwn Cunty did an excellent r gd jb prviding a variety f pprtunities fr residents, which was an increase f 7 percentage pints frm the 2011 survey. Cmmunity leaders als had psitive views abut recreatin and leisure pprtunities in the area. In the 2016 survey, 83% f cmmunity leaders said Brwn Cunty did an excellent r gd jb at prviding a variety f pprtunities fr residents. That was nearly identical t the percentage in 2011 (85%) Figure 2 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 83% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 26% 73% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys Prviding a Variety f Recreatinal and Leisure Opprtunities fr Residents 20% 80% 15% 15% 17% 85% 83% Cmmunity Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Leader Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys 3% Figure 3 Ttal Parks and Recreatin Spending Per Capita The amunt f mney spent n parks and recreatin exhibited a great deal f stability ver time. In 2009, the amunt f mney spent n parks and recreatin per capita was $ In 2014, the amunt f mney spent n parks and recreatin per capita was $ Dllars per Capita Figure 3 $100 $75 $50 $25 $74.51 Ttal Parks and Recreatin Spending per Capita (cunty and municipal ttal) $79.05 $75.94 $77.16 $76.00 $78.93 $ Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Revenue LIFE f Recreatin & Leisure 88

93 Outdr Recreatin Hunting Permits Accrding t data frm the Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces, 21,897 deer hunting permits were issued in A similar number f permits were issued in In general, the number f gun permits issued ver time has been quite stable. 24,000 22,000 Gun Deer Hunting Permits Issued 22,143 22,024 22,135 21,543 21,897 20,000 18, Figure 2 Bat Registratins The number f bat registratins ver time als was highly stable. In 2014, there were 19,396 bat registratins issued. A similar number f registratins (19,200) were issued in Figure 2 30,000 25,000 20,000 Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces Bat Registratins 20,438 19,824 20,174 19,619 19,200 19,396 15,000 10,000 5, Figure 3 Fishing Licenses The number f fishing licenses sld each year had als been quite stable, althugh there had been an increase in the last several years. In 2011, the number f licenses issued was 27,280. That number increased t 27,477 in 2013 and t 27,696 in Figure 3 30,000 Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces Fishing Licenses Issued 28,425 28,000 26,914 27,280 27,477 27,696 26,000 24, Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces LIFE f Recreatin & Leisure 89

94 Attractins and Entertainment Table 1 Attendance at Lcal Attractins Brwn Cunty residents culd attend a variety f lcal events. A list f sme f the area s events and attractins is displayed in Table 1, cvering a range f interests, including art, fd, and music. Table 2 Licensed Restaurants In 2010, Brwn Cunty had 785 licensed restaurants. By 2014, the mst recent data available, the number f licensed restaurant establishments had risen t 817, an increase f 4%. The cunty had als seen increases in the number f bed and breakfasts, camps, htels and mtels, and pls frm 2010 t Table 3 Prfessinal Sprts Venues and Csts There were a number f prfessinal sprts venues in the Brwn Cunty area. Tickets t attend sprting events varied widely in price. Fr example, tickets t see the Green Bay Packers ranged frm $95 t $122 per ticket. Other sprts venues were much cheaper. Tickets fr the Green Bay Gamblers, fr example, typically ranged frm $9 t $25 dllars per ticket. Cmmunity Perceptins f Recreatin and Leisure Opprtunities brken dwn by age Acrss different age grups, cmmunity members in Brwn Cunty had psitive assessments f the recreatin and leisure pprtunities in Brwn Cunty. Interestingly, there were sme slight differences acrss age grups. Fr example, 73% f peple surveyed in the age grup and 75% f peple surveyed in the age grup said Brwn Cunty did an excellent r gd jb prviding recreatin and leisure pprtunities fr residents. In cntrast, 86% f peple in the age grup and 89% in the 75+ age grup said Brwn Cunty did an excellent r gd jb. Althugh assessments are verwhelmingly psitive acrss all age grups shwn in, it is interesting t nte age did appear t have sme impact n views abut recreatin and leisure pprtunities in the area Table 1 Lcal Attractins Attendance, 2015 Event Attendees Celebrate DePere 19,000-29,000 Taste n Bradway 9,000 Dine n the Deck 26,000 Fridays n the Fx 24,500 Summer in the Park 2,500 Gallery Nite 2,500 AT&T Green Bay Hliday Parade 40,000 Kids Day 25,000 Artstreet 75,000 Saturday Farmers Market 276,000 Surce: Organizatins Table 2 Number f Licensed Establishments in Brwn Cunty Bed & Breakfasts 2 3 Camps 5 8 Htels & Mtels Pls Restaurants Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services Table 3 Brwn Cunty Prfessinal Sprts Venues Organizatin Ticket Cst Green Bay Packers $95-$122 Green Bay Bullfrgs (Baseball) $7-$28 Green Bay Gamblers (Hckey) $9-$25 Green Bay Blizzard (Indr Ftball) $12-$35 Surce: Organizatins Prviding a Variety f Recreatin and Leisure Opprtunities fr Residents by Age 73% 75% 24% 25% % 75% 86% 89% 21% 25% 15% 9% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys 90 LIFE f Recreatin & Leisure

95 Turism Direct Visitr Spending The amunt f ttal direct visitr spending had steadily increased since In 2010, the amunt f ttal direct visitr spending was $480 millin. By 2015, the amunt f ttal direct visitr spending increased t $613.7 millin. Frm 2014 t 2015, the tw mst recent years in the data series, the amunt f direct visitr spending increased by abut 4.22%. $700 $600 $500 $400 $300 $480.0 Ttal Direct Visitr Spending (millins f dllars) $536.9 $550.8 $557.7 $588.8 $613.7 $200 $100 $ Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Turism Figure 2 Emplyment in Turism-Related Jbs Many peple wh wrked in Brwn Cunty wrked in turism-related jbs. Figure 2 displays data n the number f peple wrking in turism-related jbs ver time. Over the past several years, the number increased slightly frm 11,195 in 2013, t 11,202 in 2014 and 11,293 in Figure 2 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,940 Emplyment in Turism-Related Jbs 11,339 11,385 11,195 11,201 11,293 10,000 9,000 8, Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Turism LIFE f Recreatin & Leisure 91

96 LIFE f Re creatin & Leisure C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s As nted at the beginning f this sectin, there have been a variety f psitive develpments in the area f Recreatin and Leisure. This was a sectr where there was a high level f satisfactin with the amenities and pprtunities that existed in Brwn Cunty. The primary cncern in this sectin relates t the turism-related wrkfrce. Data indicate direct visitr spending has been steadily climbing in Brwn Cunty. In every year since 2010, the amunt f direct visitr spending has increased. Interestingly, the number f peple wh are emplyed in turism-related jbs has been quite stable ver the past few years. If turism cntinues t grw in this area, which seems likely given the develpment f the Titletwn District, the cmmunity may want t have a discussin abut hw the wrkfrce can adapt t turism grwth. Amng experts wh wrk in the area f recreatin and leisure, there was a cncern that there were nt enugh skilled wrkers in sme industries related t turism, such as hspitality. Experts in this area have als nted that it has been difficult fr lcal establishments t retain a strng wrkfrce fr the grwing turism ecnmy. Such cncerns represent a chance fr the cmmunity, leaders, lcal businesses, and educatin prviders t have a cnversatin abut ecnmic grwth and jb training. There may be ways t cllabrate in rder t address changes in the lcal ecnmy. 92

97 LIFE f Re creatin & Leisure D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Recreatin and Leisure sectin: industry.travelwiscnsin.cm/research/ecnmic-impact Other surces: Wiscnsin Department f Natural Resurces, Dwntwn Green Bay, Inc., and lcal sprts rganizatins 93

98 94

99 A Safe LIFE LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend r r Substantiated cases f child abuse r neglect r r Juvenile arrest rate r r Rate f reprted dmestic vilence incidents r r Vilent and prperty crime rates r r Alchl-related crashes and deaths rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated SAFETY EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity members and visitrs f all ages, abilities, and incme levels: Are safe frm harm r neglect in their wn hmes and cmmunities View their schls, neighbrhds, cmmunities, and the Brwn Cunty area as safe Have cnfidence in law enfrcement, emergency services, disaster respnse and fire prtectin Receive the supprt they need if they are a victim f crime Are aware f and engage in preventin and early interventin effrts

100 A Safe LIFE S t a t u s n P r g r e s s Acrss a wide variety f indicatrs, safety in Brwn Cunty generally imprved since the release f the 2011 LIFE Study. The public safety landscape in the area als changed with the develpment f new plicies, prgrams, and initiatives that address drunken driving, drug use, and alternative curts, amng thers. These psitive trends and new prgrams relate t the safety f individuals at all stages f life children, juveniles, and adults. Fr children and juveniles, Brwn Cunty remained a safe cmmunity. Fr example, substantiated cases f child abuse and neglect declined frm 13 per 1,000 children t 7.6 per 1,000 children, which was cnsistently belw the average in Wiscnsin as a whle. In cntrast, reprted cases f child abuse and neglect increased. Hwever, cmmunity experts agreed the increase in reprted cases was likely related t increased cmmunity awareness effrts and the presence f a child advcacy center. In shrt, the cmmunity may be mre aware f the need t reprt ptential prblems as cncerns arise. Similarly, the preventable hspitalizatin rates fr children in the cunty declined. As f 2013, the mst recent year f available data, the rate in Brwn Cunty was lwer than the state average. The number f juveniles invlved in unsafe behavirs in Brwn Cunty als imprved. Overall, juvenile arrests declined by nearly 30%. During rughly the same perid, juvenile arrests fr drugs declined by 14%. Amng persnal safety indicatrs, trends were smewhat mixed. Hwever, the dmestic vilence incident rate in Brwn Cunty declined frm 5 incidents per 1,000 residents in 2007 and 2008 t 4.3 incidents per 1,000 residents in 2012, the mst recent data available. In every year examined, rates in Brwn Cunty were lwer than the state verall. Prbably the mst cmmnly cited indicatrs f public safety are vilent and prperty crime rates. T develp these rates, reprted numbers frm all plice departments in Brwn Cunty (i.e., city and village plice departments and the Brwn Cunty Sheriff s Department) were cmbined t create a ttal fr the cunty. Frm 2011 t 2015, crime rates in bth categries decreased. Vilent crimes decreased by 14% ver the five-year perid, and prperty crimes decreased by 30%. The rates were cnsistently lwer than the state average. Similarly, arrests fr drug pssessin decreased by 2%, and arrests fr drug sales decreased by 55%. Given the many negative implicatins f drug use and sales in a cmmunity, area public safety experts highlighted the imprtant rle f new treatment ptins and alternative curts such as the Brwn Cunty Drug Curt. The fcus n these cases has shifted frm punishment t interventin, cunseling, and treatment. The majrity f respndents t a survey f cmmunity leaders in Brwn Cunty had a psitive pinin f alternative curts. The safety f individuals in mtr vehicles als imprved in Brwn Cunty. Frm 2008 t 2013, mtr vehicle crashes declined by apprximately 10%, and mtr vehicle injuries declined by nearly 40%. Perhaps even mre ntable, hwever, was the decline in alchl-related crashes. Frm 2008 t 2013, alchl-related crashes in Brwn Cunty declined by mre than 40%. This was particularly imprtant given the histric challenges Brwn Cunty, and Wiscnsin as a whle, have had with binge drinking, drinking and driving, and ther alchl-related prblems. One public safety expert specifically highlighted the cntinued rle f the Brwn Cunty OWI task frce and its high-visibility patrls. Additinal effrts t educate children and teenagers abut the dangers f excessive alchl use als were cited. The need t change Wiscnsin and Brwn Cunty s culture f drinking, accrding t experts, was imperative. Overall, the cmmunity had psitive pinins f the public safety services prvided acrss Brwn Cunty. Nearly 90% f cunty residents surveyed rated the quality f law enfrcement agencies in their cmmunities as excellent r gd, while 91% had similar respnses when asked abut the quality f emergency services (e.g., fire and ambulance). These apprval ratings were similar t the 2011 survey. Additinally, half f respndents rated the cunty as excellent r gd at preventing gang activities an issue that has received nging attentin frm elected fficials and the lcal media ver the last several years. In 2011, nly 35% f respndents thught preventin effrts were excellent r gd. Overall, crime statistics and cmmunity survey data largely supprted the pinins f area public safety experts Brwn Cunty remained a relatively safe cmmunity. Based n available data, the trends assciated with many indicatrs f public safety als appear t be mving in the right directin. At the same time, residents were generally pleased with the public safety services they receive. 96

101 Persnal Safety, Children Substantiated Cases f Child Abuse and Neglect The rate f substantiated cases f child abuse and neglect in Brwn Cunty cnsistently decreased between 2010 and 2014, frm 13 substantiated cases per 1,000 children in 2010 t 7.6 substantiated cases per 1,000 children in With the exceptin f 2010, the rate in Brwn Cunty was lwer than the state as a whle. Substantiated cases f child abuse r neglect in Wiscnsin als declined, but by a much smaller amunt. Figure 2 Preventable Hspitalizatin Rate fr Children Accrding t the Wiscnsin Department f Health Services, preventable hspitalizatins were defined as hspitalizatins fr cnditins where timely and effective ambulatry care can reduce the likelihd f hspitalizatin. Frm 2005 t 2015, the rate fr children whse hspitalizatins culd have been prevented declined significantly fr Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin. Brwn Cunty had slightly higher rates ver the perid, but the difference was relatively small. Figure 2 Figure 3 Fster Hme r Residential Placement Rate In 2014, Brwn Cunty had 256 children age 18 r under in fster hme r residential placements, up frm 161 in Adjusting fr ppulatin grwth, the fster hme r residential placement rate fr children in Brwn Cunty fluctuated frm Over the six-year perid, the rate declined slightly. Hwever, there was a ntable dip between 2010 and The rate ranged frm 2.6 placements per 1,000 children in 2011, t 4.2 placements per 1,000 children in During the entire perid, Brwn Cunty was lwer than the Wiscnsin rate, which increased t 5.3 placements per 1,000 children in Children in Need f Prtectin (CHIPS Petitins) CHIPS petitins in Brwn Cunty fluctuated during the perid. The rate ranged frm 2.5 petitins per 1,000 children in 2010 t 2.8 petitins per 1,000 children in The highest number f petitins (3.5 per 1,000 children) was recrded in During the entire perid the number f petitins in Brwn Cunty was lwer than Wiscnsin. On balance, the rate increased in Wiscnsin, frm 3.3 petitins per 1,000 children in 2010 t 3.8 petitins per 1,000 children in Figure 3 A Safe LIFE 97

102 Persnal Safety, Juveniles Juvenile Arrest Rate Frm 2010 t 2014, juvenile arrest rates in Brwn Cunty fluctuated slightly, thugh the rate declined verall. The rate peaked at 12.4 juvenile arrests per 100 juveniles in 2012, but steadily declined t 8.6 juvenile arrests per 100 juveniles in Frm 2012 t 2014 the rate in Brwn Cunty was higher than Wiscnsin, but, in general, the differences were small. Figure 2 Juvenile Arrest Rate-Drugs The juvenile arrest rate fr drugs in Brwn Cunty remained relatively cnsistent frm 2011 t On balance, the rate decreased frm 6.6 drug arrests per 1,000 juveniles in 2011 t 5.7 drug arrests per 1,000 juveniles in Over the fur-year perid, the highest arrest rate was recrded in 2013, while the lwest was in 2014, the mst recent year f available data. The rate in Brwn Cunty was higher than Wiscnsin in three f the fur years thugh, again, the differences were relatively small. Figure 3 Juvenile Arrest Rate-Vilence The juvenile arrest rate fr vilence in Brwn Cunty varied between 2011 and In 2011, there was less than 1 juvenile arrest fr vilence per 1,000 juveniles in the cunty. Since 2011, the rate increased t 2.1 arrests per 1,000 juveniles in 2012 and 2013 and then decreased t 1.7 arrests per 1,000 juveniles in During the fur-year perid, the rate in Brwn Cunty was cnsistently lwer than Wiscnsin as a whle. Figure 2 Perceptins f Schl Safety in the Cmmunity Accrding t a 2016 survey f Brwn Cunty residents, 77% f respndents indicated the safety f schls in the cmmunity was excellent r gd. Apprximately 11% indicated safety was fair and 2% indicated pr. Apprximately 10% f thse wh respnded were unsure. Figure 3 98 A Safe LIFE

103 Persnal Safety, Adults Dmestic Vilence Incidence Rate The dmestic vilence incidence rate in Brwn Cunty was relatively cnsistent frm 2007 t 2012, the mst recent year f available data. As a whle, the rate decreased frm 5 incidences per 1,000 cunty residents in 2007 t 4.3 incidences per 1,000 residents in The highest incidence rate was recrded in 2010 (5.2 per 1,000 residents), while the lwest rate was in 2011 and 2012 (4.3 per 1,000 residents). Brwn Cunty cnsistently remained belw the state rate, which als decreased slightly during the perid. Figure 2 Sexual Assault Reprt Rate The sexual assault reprt rate in Brwn Cunty als remained relatively cnsistent. Frm 2008 t 2010, the mst recent year f available data, there was a slight increase frm 113 reprts per 100,000 cunty residents in 2008 t 115 reprts per 100,000 residents in The rate in Brwn Cunty remained well abve the rate recrded in the state verall, which als was relatively cnsistent thrughut the perid. Figure 2 Figure 3 Substantiated Cases f Elder Abuse During the perid, the reprted cases f elder abuse in Brwn Cunty declined by 20%, frm 238 in 2009 t 190 in Hwever, cmmunity experts indicated the number f reprts did nt reflect the extent f this prblem, since abuse is under-reprted in general. In 2015, the cunty had 642 curt-rdered actins by Adult Prtective Services staff t prtect vulnerable adults frm suspected abuses. In 2013, 568 actins tk place. Perceptins f Abuse r Vilence Preventin within Hmes Accrding t a 2016 survey f leaders in Brwn Cunty, 37% f respndents rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd at preventing abuse r vilence within hmes. Nearly 35% rated the cunty as fair and 7% indicated pr. Apprximately 22% f thse wh respnded were unsure. Figure 3 Dmestic Vilence Services and Supprt Glden Huse is a nnprfit rganizatin in Brwn Cunty that prvides shelter and services t victims f dmestic vilence. Examples f services include individual cunseling, temprary shelter, a helpline, legal assistance, and preventin educatin. Frm 2010 t 2015, the number f adult and child shelter clients served decreased slightly. During the same perid, utreach activities increased significantly, frm 581 in 2010 t 1,029 in A Safe LIFE 99

104 Safety f the Public Vilent Crime Rate During the perid, the vilent crime rate in Brwn Cunty declined by 14%. In 2011, there were 6.9 vilent crimes per 1,000 cunty residents. The highest number was reprted in 2012 (7.5 per 1,000 residents), but the rate cnsistently declined t 5.9 per 1,000 residents in The rate in Brwn Cunty was cnsistently belw Wiscnsin, thugh the largest difference was recrded in Figure 2 Prperty Crime Rate Prperty crime rates in Brwn Cunty varied smewhat frm 2011 t Frm 2011 t 2013, the rate increased slightly, but frm 2014 t 2015 it decreased t its lwest pint during the perid. In 2011, apprximately 18.3 prperty crimes per 1,000 cunty residents were recrded. In cntrast, 12.8 prperty crimes per 1,000 residents were recrded in 2015, a 30% decline. Similar t vilent crimes, the Brwn Cunty rate remained cnsistently belw Wiscnsin. Figure 2 Figure 3 Drug Arrest Rate-Pssessin Arrest rates fr drug pssessin in Brwn Cunty fluctuated slightly during the perid. In 2011, there were 3.08 arrests per 1,000 cunty residents. The rate increased slightly in 2012 and 2013 t 4.07 arrests per 1,000 residents and 4.13 arrests per 1,000 residents, respectively. Frm 2014 t 2015, hwever, the rate declined t its lwest pint (3.01 arrests per 1,000 residents). In 2012 and 2013, the arrest rate in Brwn Cunty was higher than Wiscnsin, but it was belw the state rate fr the remainder f the years in the perid. Drug Arrest Rate-Sales Frm 2011 t 2015, trends regarding arrest rates fr drug sales in Brwn Cunty were similar t thse fr drug pssessin. The highest number f arrests ccurred in 2012 and 2013, 1.32 arrests per 1,000 cunty residents and 1.20 arrests per 1,000 residents, respectively. The number f arrests declined t their lwest pint in 2015 (0.41 arrests per 1,000 residents). Frm 2011 t 2013, Brwn Cunty rates exceeded thse f Wiscnsin as a whle, thugh frm 2014 t 2015 rates were mderately lwer. Figure 3 Perceptins f Gang Activity Preventin Accrding t a 2016 survey f leaders in Brwn Cunty, half f the respndents rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd at preventing gang activities. Apprximately 24% rated the cunty as fair, and 7% indicated pr. Apprximately 19% f thse wh respnded were unsure. In 2011, 35% f respndents rated the cunty as excellent r gd at preventing gang activities. 100 A Safe LIFE

105 Public Safety System Brwn Cunty Expenditures n Public Safety Frm 2009 t 2014, Brwn Cunty expenditures n public safety declined slightly. In 2009, $185 per cunty resident was spent n public safety. The cunty dedicated the mst resurces t public safety services in 2011 ($211 per resident), and the amunt decreased cnsistently t $175 per resident in Figure 2 Perceptins f Public Safety Quality Eighty-nine percent f cmmunity members surveyed rated the quality f law enfrcement agencies in their cmmunities as excellent r gd. In cntrast, 10% rated the agencies as fair r pr. Apprximately 2% f respndents were unsure. In 2011, 86% f respndents rated the quality f law enfrcement agencies in their cmmunities as excellent r gd. Figure 3 Perceptins f Emergency Services Quality Accrding t the 2016 survey f Brwn Cunty residents, 91% f respndents rated the quality f emergency services such as fire and ambulance services in their cmmunities as excellent r gd. In cntrast, 4% rated the agencies as fair r pr, and 4% f thse wh respnded were unsure. In 2011, 93% f respndents rated the quality f emergency services in their cmmunities as excellent r gd. Figure Perceptins f Public Safety Quality 86% 13% Perceptins f Alternative Curts The Brwn Cunty curt system prvides certain types f ffenders with the pprtunity in participate in specific prgrams that encurage cllabrative rehabilitatin, assistance, and treatment. Tw ptins include the Drug Curt and the Veterans Treatment Curt. Sixty-eight percent f leaders surveyed had a very psitive r psitive view f the drug curt, 3% had a negative view, and 29% were unsure. Amng the same leaders, 60% had a very psitive r psitive view f the Veterans Curt, 1% had a negative view, and 40% were unsure % 10% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys Figure 3 Perceptins f Emergency Services Quality Perceptins f Emergency Preparedness Frty-nine percent f leaders surveyed rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd at preparing fr unexpected majr public safety threats like terrrism r a natural disaster. Apprximately 22% rated the cunty as fair and 3% indicated pr. Apprximately 27% f thse wh respnded were unsure % 91% 6% 4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys A Safe LIFE 101

106 Transprtatin Safety Mtr Vehicle Crashes and Injuries Frm 2008 t 2013, the verall safety f Brwn Cunty rads imprved slightly. During this perid, mtr vehicle crashes declined by apprximately 10%, thugh there were slight upticks in 2011 and At the same time, the number f injuries sustained in mtr vehicle accidents decreased by nearly 40%. Aside frm a small increase in 2009, the decrease in injuries was cnsistent thrughut the perid. The mst prnunced decrease ccurred frm 2009 t Figure 2 Alchl-Related Crashes The Wiscnsin Department f Transprtatin defines an alchl-related crash as when either a driver, bicyclist, r pedestrian is listed n a plice reprt r crner reprt as drinking alchl befre the crash. Reflecting the decrease in mtr vehicle crashes and injuries, the number f alchlrelated mtr vehicle crashes als declined frm 2008 t Over the six-year perid, alchl-related crashes decreased by mre than 40% frm a high f 325 in 2008 t 184 in Althugh the decrease was relatively cnsistent, the largest reductin was recrded between 2010 and Figure 3 Crashes by Type in Brwn Cunty The types f crashes in Brwn Cunty have varied smewhat frm 2009 t In bth years, crashes with deer was the largest categry, while hit-and-run crashes was the secnd largest categry. Deer crashes increased by apprximately 20% during the perid, while hit and run crashes decreased by slightly mre than 21%. Amng the ther categries, wrk zne crashes increased significantly, by nearly 210%. This increase may be explained, at least partially, by the larger number f wrk znes in Brwn Cunty during the perid as a result f the I-41 recnstructin and expansin prject. Mtrcycle crashes als increased, but by a much smaller amunt. In cntrast, pedestrian-related crashes declined by apprximately 46%, while bicycle and schl bus crashes all declined by smewhat smaller rates. Figure 2 Figure A Safe LIFE

107 A Safe LIFE C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s Althugh public safety indicatrs in Brwn Cunty were generally psitive ver the last several years, the analysis als revealed a number f ptential challenges and pprtunities fr imprvement. Despite the decline in juvenile arrests in Brwn Cunty, the rates were higher than the state average. While the difference was nt large, the verall arrest rate and drug arrest rates fr juveniles had been higher than Wiscnsin since 2012 fr the frmer and 2013 fr the latter. The juvenile arrest rate fr vilence had cnsistently been lwer than the state average, but the rate increased frm 0.9 arrests per 1,000 juveniles in 2011 t 1.7 arrests per 1,000 juveniles in It was imprtant t nte that these numbers were quite small. Hwever, the trends shuld be mnitred t ensure the rates either remain stable r shw signs f imprvement. Each surce f data used fr this analysis (e.g., secndary data, interviews, expert pinins) indicated that persnal safety in Brwn Cunty will need t be imprved acrss a variety f indicatrs. The sexual assault reprt rate, fr example, increased frm 2008 t 2010 and remained higher than the state average. Althugh 2010 was the mst recent year f available data frm the Wiscnsin Department f Justice, a public safety expert in the area cnfirmed the rate remains high and prblematic. Amng the ther indicatrs, the dmestic vilence incidence rates and substantiated cases f elder abuse have declined. Hwever, safety and scial service experts in the area agree that bth cntinue t be a prblem in Brwn Cunty. Under-reprting can make the prblems even mre cmplicated. Furthermre, nly 37% f leaders in Brwn Cunty rated the area as excellent r gd at preventing abuse r vilence within hmes. As such, additinal effrts frm bth cmmunity members and leaders likely will be needed t address dmestic vilence, sexual assault, and abuse. Based n the mst recent available data, drug arrests fr bth pssessin and sales have declined since Rughly 0.4 individuals per 1,000 cunty residents were arrested fr the sale f drugs in 2015, and 3.6 individuals per 1,000 residents were arrested fr pssessin. Stated anther way, hwever, ver 100 individuals were arrested fr selling drugs and nearly 800 were arrested fr pssessin. Accrding t public safety experts in the area, these numbers, thugh declining and lwer than the state average, need t be reduced. This is particularly imprtant because drug sales and pssessin are ften linked t a wide array f ther crimes such as rbbery, assault, dmestic abuse, and vilence. Cnsequently, reducing the prliferatin f drugs in the cmmunity als has the ptential t reduce ther cmmunity prblems. The excessive cnsumptin f alchl cntinued t be a significant challenge fr Brwn Cunty, and Wiscnsin mre bradly. Alchl-related crashes have declined. Hwever, survey respnses and pinins f area public safety experts illustrate an nging culture f drinking in the area. While drinking and driving was a direct cnsequence f this culture, excessive alchl use, like drugs, was assciated with ther public safety cncerns such as dmestic abuse and vilence. Accrding t experts, additinal effrts t change the perceptins f drinking, particularly amng children and teenagers, shuld cntinue t be a pririty fr the cmmunity. Finally, cmmunity perceptins f public safety in Brwn Cunty were cnsistently psitive. Hwever, as a cmmunity, Brwn Cunty cntinues t diversify. In rder t maintain a high level f trust and cnfidence, lcal public safety departments shuld cntinue t engage the many different grups that nw call Brwn Cunty hme. Effrts t diversify the departments t match the changing demgraphics in the cmmunity als is encuraged. Althugh varius recruitment and training effrts already exist, disparities remain. If supprt fr public safety departments is high amng all scial, ethnic, and racial grups, the ability t keep the cmmunity safe becmes mre cllabrative and effective. In general, cntinued cperatin amng cunty public safety departments will be needed t meet each f these challenges. The Brwn Cunty Drug Task Frce, fr example, includes representatives frm departments acrss the cunty. Hwever, cmmunity leaders, public safety fficials, and cunty residents all have a stake in the cmmunity, and each grup will be needed t ensure Brwn Cunty remains a safe and inviting place fr everyne. 103

108 A Safe LIFE D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Safety sectin: datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data/tables/7622-children-in-ut-f-hme-placements?lc=51&lct=5%20-%20detailed/5/ /false/36,868,867,133,38/any/15497 datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data/tables/7623-child-abuse-and-neglect-reprts-screened-in-fr-assessment?lc=51&lct=2%20- %20detailed/2/any/false/869,36,868,867,133/any/ datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data/tables/7622-children-in-ut-f-hme-placements?lc=51&lct=5%20-%20detailed/5/ /false/36,868,867,133,38/any/15497 datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data/tables/8208-child-ppulatin?lc=51&lct=2%20- %20detailed/5/7045/false/36,868,867,133,38/any/ datacenter.kidscunt.rg/data#wi/2/0/char/0 wilenet.rg/html/justice-prgrams/prgrams/justice-stats/library.htm www2.fbi.gv/ucr/cius2009/ffenses/vilent_crime/index.html factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=pep_2015_pepannres&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=pep_2014_pepsr6h&prdtype=table wiscnsindt.gv/pages/safety/educatin/crash-data/crashfacts-archive.aspx wiscnsindt.gv/pages/safety/educatin/crash-data/crashfacts.aspx wiscnsindt.gv/pages/safety/educatin/default.aspx wiscnsindt.gv/dcuments/safety/educatin/crash-data/2013/sectin2.pdf Other surces: Brwn Cunty Human Services, Glden Huse, Brwn Cunty Planning Cmmissin 104

109 LIFE f Self-Sufficiency LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend s w Percent f renter husehlds with cst burden s s Number f FdShare recipients w w Free and reduced lunch rates in public schls rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated SELF-SUFFICIENCY EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity members f all ages, incme, and ability levels have: Enugh nutritius fd daily t g withut hunger Access t emergency services such as financial supprt, rental assistance, fd pantries, shrt-term shelter and utility assistance Access t reliable transprtatin, affrdable and quality husing, legal services, and accurate infrmatin and referral t needed services

110 LIFE f Self-Sufficiency S t a t u s n P r g r e s s The LIFE f Self-Sufficiency sectin examines access t affrdable husing, hmelessness and husing insecurity, fd security, and ecnmic stress and financial supprt. Since the 2011 LIFE Study, there were a few areas in which residents f Brwn Cunty made prgress in being self-reliant and financially secure. Brwn Cunty residents appeared t be mre financially secure in recent years. The percent f hmewners in Brwn Cunty wh were husing cst burdened (spending 30% r mre f their incme n husing) decreased frm 31% in 2008 t 24% in Amng renters, the number f peple wh were husing cst burdened remained fairly cnsistent ver time (44% in 2016 cmpared t 43% in 2008). When asked whether they felt very secure abut their financial stability, 54% f surveyed Brwn Cunty residents in 2016 reprted they felt secure all r mst f the time. In 2011, nly 46% f residents felt that way. Mrever, Cathlic Charities f the Dicese f Green Bay, an rganizatin that helps peple with a variety f financial cncerns, dcumented less client debt in 2015 n debt management plans as cmpared t past years. In additin, the number f freclsures in Brwn Cunty steadily declined in recent years. In 2009, there were 1,097 freclsures in Brwn Cunty. This number drpped t just 417 in During this same time perid, median hme prices had risen. In 2010, the median hme price was $138,000 and in 2015, the median hme price was $150,000. In terms f fd security, althugh quite high, the percentage f students enrlled in free r reduced-price lunch prgrams in public schls in Brwn Cunty stayed relatively stable at 40%. This prgram helps ensure schl-age yuth have access t at least ne nutritius meal per day, with many schls als ffering free/reduced prices fr breakfast as well. When cmmunity members were asked abut their ability t have enugh fd t avid hunger, thse individuals making mre than $100,000 rarely reprted difficulty with hunger, and nly ne-third f thse earning less than $10,000 reprted difficulty with hunger all/mst f the time. Overall, there has been prgress in Brwn Cunty in terms f residents self-sufficiency, with individuals in Brwn Cunty mre financial secure cmpared t the last LIFE Study in

111 Access t Affrdable Husing Percent f Husehlds with Husing Cst Burden Husing cst burden refers t husehlds that spend 30% r mre f their incme n husing. breaks husehlds dwn int wner-ccupied and renter-ccupied. The husing cst burden rate declined in Brwn Cunty since 2008 fr wner-ccupied husehlds. In 2008, the percentage f husehlds that were husing cst burdened was 31%. By 2014, that number drpped t 24%. Amng renter-ccupied husehlds, the rate has held fairly steady. In 2016, 44% f renter-ccupied husehlds were husing cst burdened, and in % were husing cst burdened. Figure 2 Hmewnership Rate Accrding t the U.S. Census, the rate f hmewnership in the United States was 62% in 1960 and was nly slightly higher in 2016 at 63%. The rate in Brwn Cunty was 65% in It has been fairly stable since 2010, fluctuating between 67% and 64%. Accrding t a 2012 reprt by the Natinal Assciatin f Realtrs, In additin t tangible financial benefits, hmewnership brings substantial scial benefits fr families, cmmunities, and the cuntry as a whle. Owner ccupancy rates vary cnsiderably by race/ethnicity in Brwn Cunty. Accrding t the American Cmmunity Survey, the wner ccupancy rate amng White individuals was 69%, amng Blacks/African-Americans it was 7%, amng American Indians it was 31%, amng Asians it was 37%, and amng Hispanic/Latins it was 30%. Figure 3 Hurly Wage Needed t Affrd Fair Market Rent This chart pairs rental csts with wages fr an efficient lk at affrdability. In Brwn Cunty, the hurly wage necessary t affrd fair market rent fr a tw bedrm unit was $14.50 per hur in 2015, which was lwer than the state average f $15.52 per hur. The hurly wage needed t affrd fair market rent in Brwn Cunty was stable since 2009, but there was a slight uptick frm 2014 t Interestingly, despite the fact that U.S. rental rates rse 11% between 2009 and 2014, Brwn Cunty s median rent rse frm $649/mnth in 2009 t $696/mnth in 2014, nly a 7% increase. Median Hme Prices Over the past several years, there was an increase in the median huse price. The median huse price was: $138,000 in 2010, $136,000 in 2011, $135,000 in 2012, $137,000 in 2013, $147,000 in 2014, and $150,000 in Figure 2 Figure 3 31% 31% 29% LIFE f Self-Sufficiency 60% 40% 20% 0% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% $20 $15 $10 $5 $0 43% 45% Percent f Husehlds with Husing Cst Burden (mrtgage/rent 30% f incme r higher) 39% 41% 31% 46% 44% 44% 26% 25% 24% % 67% 65% Owner-ccupied Surce: U. S. Census Hmewnership Rate Renter-ccupied 69% 68% 67% 67% 67% 65% 64% 64% 65% 64% 64% 63% Brwn C Wiscnsin US Surce: U.S. Census Hurly Wage Needed t Affrd Fair Market Rent (2 Bedrm Unit) $14.31 $14.67 $14.70 $14.23 $14.67 $14.76 $13.29 $13.46 $13.12 $13.15 $13.17 $13.10 $15.52 $ Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin Surce: Natinal Lw Incme Husing Calitin 107

112 Hmelessness & Husing Insecurity Number f Hmeless Persns Sheltered The Brwn Cunty Hmeless and Husing Calitin prvides infrmatin n the number f hmeless peple sheltered in Brwn Cunty. Accrding the the U.S. Department f Husing and Urban Develpment (HUD), a Pint-in-Time (PIT) cunt was a cunt f sheltered and unsheltered hmeless persns n a single night in January. HUD requires that the Cntinuums f Care Prgram cnduct an annual cunt f hmeless persns wh were sheltered in emergency shelter, transitinal husing, and Safe Havens n a single night. In 2015, the calitin estimated there were 174 single adults, 102 adults in families, and 203 children sheltered. Cmpared t 2008, there were 148 single adults, 63 adults in families, and 106 children sheltered. It is wrth nting that the number f children sheltered increased each year since The number f adults in families wh were sheltered has als increased since Table 1 Detailed Breakdwn f Number f Hmeless Persns Sheltered Table 1 prvides mre detailed infrmatin n the numbers and types f peple wh were sheltered. Overall, the number f hmeless peple sheltered drpped slightly frm 2014 t 2015, althugh the number fr 2015 was higher than in Figure Number f Hmeless Persns Sheltered (ne night pint in time survey) Single Adults Adults in Families Children Surce: Brwn Cunty Hmeless and Husing Calitin Table 1 Categry Single Adults Families Adults in Families Children Chrnic Hmeless Ttal Served Surce: Brwn Cunty Hmeless and Husing Calitin Children Identified as Hmeless in Public Schls (Brwn Cunty districts cmbined) Figure 2 Hmeless Children in Public Schls in Brwn Cunty The Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin prvides data n the number f children in public schls wh have been identified as hmeless. (Defined by the federal McKinney- Vent Hmeless Assistance Act as "individuals wh lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence," which included unsheltered, living in htels, substandard husing, etc.) 1,500 1,250 1, ,318 1,369 1,369 1,130 1,206 1, As Figure 2 shws, since the schl year, the number f hmeless children increased in Brwn Cunty schls. In , there were 1,032 hmeless children, and by the number increased t 1,369. Figure 3 Surce: WI Department f Public Instructin Number f Hme Freclsures Figure 3 Number f Hme Freclsures There was a fairly steady decline in the number f hme freclsures in Brwn Cunty since In 2009, there were 1,097 freclsures, and by 2014 that number had declined t ,400 1,200 1, ,097 1, Surce: Center fr Cmmunity & Ecnmic Develpment University f Wiscnsin - Extensin LIFE f Self-Sufficiency 108

113 Fd Security Percentage f Students Enrlled in Free and Reduced-Fee Lunch Prgrams The percentage f students in free and reduced-price lunch prgrams has been stable ver time in Brwn Cunty. In the mst recent year in the data series, 40% f students were enrlled in free and reduced-price lunch prgrams. That figure was similar t previus years. Figure 2 Free and Reduced-Fee Lunch Enrllment by District There were sme differences acrss schl districts in Brwn Cunty regarding the use f free and reducedprice lunch prgrams by students. The graphs shws that the highest level was 58% f students enrlled (in Green Bay) and the lwest was 18% f students enrlled (in De Pere). Figure 3 Nt Having Enugh Fd t Avid Hunger When surveyed in 2016, cmmunity members were asked abut the extent t which they did nt have enugh fd t avid hunger. There were imprtant incme differences n this tpic. Thse wh reprted making under $10,000 per year were much mre likely than thse n the high end f the incme spectrum t say they did nt have enugh fd t avid hunger all r mst f the time. Thirty-fur percent f peple with incmes f less than $10,000 per year said nt having enugh fd was a prblem all r mst f the time; 17% said it was a prblem sme f the time. Very small percentages f peple wh made $100,000 r mre said having enugh fd t avid hunger was a prblem. 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Figure 2 Figure 3 Percentage f Brwn Cunty Students Enrlled in Free and Reduced-fee Lunch Prgrams 36% 39% 40% 39% Nt Having Enugh Fd t Avid Hunger 40% 40% Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin Brwn Cunty Free and Reduced-fee Lunch Enrllment 28% 30% 19% 18% 20% 19% 57% 58% 28% 29% 22% 21% 23% 26% 23% 20% Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Public Instructin < $10,000 34% 17% 42% 8% $10-$24,999 16% 71% 5% $25-$49,999 9% 79% 8% $50-$74,999 94% 2% $75-$99,999 95% 1% $100-$124,999 92% 3% $125-$149,999 96% 0% > $150,000 93% 2% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% All/Mst f the Time Sme f the Time Seldm/Never N Opinin Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Survey LIFE f Self-Sufficiency 109

114 Ecnmic Stress and Financial Supprt Husehlds Receiving Lw-Incme Hme Energy Assistance The number f husehlds receiving lw-incme energy assistance increased since 2008, thugh there was a slight decline frm 2014 t In 2015, 5,533 husehlds in Brwn Cunty received assistance t pay fr their hme energy bill. Figure 2 Cmmunity Perceptins abut Financial Security When asked whether they felt very secure abut their financial stability, Brwn Cunty residents expressed mixed views. In 2016, 54% f peple surveyed in Brwn Cunty said they felt very secure abut their finances all r mst f the time. That year, 23% f peple said they smetimes felt very financially secure and 20% said they seldm r never felt very secure abut their finances. Figure 3 Cmmunity Perceptins abut Financial Security by Race/Ethnicity There were sme ntable differences in perceptins abut financial security when cmmunity members were stratified by race/ethnicity. Given the small number f survey respndents frm sme racial/ethnic grups, Figure 3 simply stratified peple accrding t whether they were White r nt White. Amng peple wh reprted being White, 55% said they felt very secure abut their finances all r mst f the time. Fr peple wh were nt White, that number was 32%. Amng Whites, 22% f peple said they felt very financially secure sme f the time. Amng nn Whites, that number was 32%. A larger percentage (24%) f nn-whites say they seldm r never felt very financially secure cmpared t White individuals (19%) Figure Figure 3 4,039 4,600 Husehlds Receiving Lw-incme Hme Energy Assistance 46% Felt Very Secure Abut Finances 54% 4,961 5,415 5,283 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% All/Mst f the Time Sme f the Time Seldm/Never N Opinin 27% 23% 5,544 Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys Felt Very Secure Abut Finances by Race 5,811 23% 20% 5, Surce: Brwn Cunty Department f Human Services 4% 4% Table 1 Cathlic Charities Financial Supprt Prgram Cathlic Charities is ne prgram in Brwn Cunty that helps peple f all incme levels with a variety f financial cncerns, including wrkshps, budget cunseling, and establishing debt management plans (DMPs). Table 1 prvides a lk at the number f hurs spent n budget cunseling (BC), the number f new clients served, and the average debt n client DMPs. Overall, there was a sharp decline in the average levels f debt n DMPs. The decrease was especially ntable when cmparing 2013 t Experts believed this decrease may be due t imprvements in the state f the ecnmy (s that fewer peple need DMPs). In additin, mre creditrs started implementing their wn repayment plans as they tried t avid paying agencies that prvide DMP services. (DMPs allwed peple t repay creditrs at a rate they can affrd withut paying late fees r ver-limit fees.) Thus, there were fewer clients ver time. 110 White Nn- White Table 1 LIFE f Self-Sufficiency 32% 55% 32% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% All/Mst f the Time Sme f the Time Seldm/Never N Opinin Year BC Effrts n Average Debt New Clients Behalf f Client n DMP $361, $356, $366, $73, $45, % Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys Surce: Cathlic Charities f the Dicese f Green Bay 24% 19% 12% 3%

115 Ecnmic Stress and Financial Supprt cntinued FdShare Recipients The FdShare Prgram helps individuals and families wh qualify buy the fd they need fr gd health. The number f FdShare recipients in Brwn Cunty increased frm 2006 t Since 2013, there was a slight decline. In 2013, fr example, there were 30,658 recipients, and in 2015 that number drpped t 28,838. Figure 2 Pverty Rate The pverty rate in Brwn Cunty was fairly stable ver time. The 2016 rate was 11% cmpared t 12% in the state. In previus years, the Brwn Cunty pverty rate has ranged between 11% and 13%. 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, ,850 Brwn Cunty FdShare Wiscnsin Recipients (yearly average) 13,965 16,935 22,027 25,526 27,561 30,534 30,658 29,806 28, There were key differences in pverty rates by race/ethnicity. Amng Whites, the rate was 9.1%. Amng American Indians it was 32%, and it was 25.8% amng Hispanic/Latins. The U.S. Census did nt reprt pverty rates fr Blacks/African- Americans r Asians in Brwn Cunty due t the very small sample sizes fr thse ppulatins. Figure 3 Perceptins f Meeting Needs f the Pr Cmmunity leaders and members had mixed views abut the extent t which Brwn Cunty met the verall needs f the pr. The assessments were nearly identical within each categry in 2011 and Fr example, in 2011, 59% f cmmunity members rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd, and in 2016 that number was 58%. Amng leaders, there was similar stability ver time. In 2011, 57% f leaders rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd n this issue, and in 2016 that number was 58%. While the majrity f cmmunity members and leaders had psitive assessments abut meeting the needs f the pr, a sizeable number f peple gave the area a rating f fair r pr. Table 1 Tp Prblems/Needs f Call Center Each year, the prblem r need mst prevalent amng Brwn Cunty callers t had t d with utilities. Assistance with husing/shelter was als a key prblem/need. A number f calls had t d with transprtatin (5% in 2015) and fd (7% in 2015). Table 1 Tp Prblems/Needs f Cntacts Utilities 9% 17% 18% Husing/Shelter 12% 13% 17% Fd 8% 6% 7% Transprtatin 4% 3% 5% Number f needs Surce: Brwn Cunty United Way Figure 2 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Figure 3 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Surce: Wiscnsin Department f Health Services Pverty Rate 13% 13% 14% 13% 12% 13% 12% 12% 11% 11% Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin Surce: U.S. Census Meeting the Overall Needs f the Pr 11% 12% 4% 3% 31% 31% 40% 39% 59% 58% 57% 58% Cmmunity Leader Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader & Cmmunity Surveys LIFE f Self-Sufficiency 111

116 LIFE f Self-Sufficiency C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s Althugh a number f strengths are prevalent in the area f self-sufficiency, there are still a few areas f cncern, including rising numbers f hmeless, particularly hmeless children, as well as disparities in financial security by race. The number f children in hmeless shelters increased every year since This was als true in public schls, where 1,369 students were identified as hmeless in , cmpared t 1,032 students in Data available regarding the hmeless ppulatin was likely a lw estimate f hw many hmeless adults and hmeless children reside in Brwn Cunty. In additin, clear differences were bserved when lking at financial security by race. First, when asked abut financial security, 55% f surveyed White Brwn Cunty residents reprted feeling very secure abut finances, cmpared t just 32% f nn-whites. Husing csts may als be mre challenging fr sme residents in Brwn Cunty depending n race. Fr example, althugh 69% f White individuals wned a hme, nly 7% f Black/African-Americans wned a hme. Other racial grups were als less likely than White individuals t wn a hme: 37% f Asians, 31% f American Indians, and 30% f Hispanic/Latins wned a hme. Because rates f hmewnership vary greatly by race, it was als imprtant t examine husing cst burden fr renters, as a disprprtinate percentage f renters were nn-white. Husing cst burden fr renters remained high between 2009 t While mrtgage-hlders shwed declining affrdability cncerns, renter husehlds remained at the same level as in Over tw in five renters were paying mre than they culd affrd fr their husing csts, limiting their ability t affrd ther necessities. Because a disprprtinate number f renters were minrities, minrities were impacted by husing cst burden mre than White residents f Brwn Cunty. The pverty rate in Brwn Cunty was fairly stable ver time. The 2016 pverty rate was 11% in Brwn Cunty (12% in Wiscnsin). In previus years, the pverty rate ranged between 11% and 13% in Brwn Cunty. There were sme key differences in pverty rates by race/ethnicity: Amng White individuals the pverty rate was 9.1%, amng American Indians it was 32%, and amng Hispanic/Latins it was 25.8%. The Census did nt reprt pverty rates fr Blacks/African-Americans r Asians in Brwn Cunty due t the very small sample sizes fr thse ppulatins in many years. It is wrth nting that in September 2016, United Way f Wiscnsin released its first statewide ALICE Reprt, which psits that the number f Wiscnsin husehlds unable t affrd life s basic necessities far exceeds the fficial Federal Pverty Level (FPL). The methdlgy fr the FPL was develped in 1965 and has remained largely unchanged since then. United Way calls this newly revealed demgraphic ALICE, an acrnym fr Asset Limited, Incme Cnstrained, Emplyed. The ALICE Reprt ffers new tls t measure self-sufficiency acrss cmmunities, with a particular fcus n the wrking pr thse wh earn abve the FPL, but are struggling t meet their basic needs. The reprt indicates that in 2014, 42% f husehlds in Wiscnsin struggled t affrd basic husehld necessities (13% f the state s husehlds lived in pverty based n the FPL, and an additinal 29% were ALICE husehlds equating t 960,131 struggling husehlds verall). In Brwn Cunty, 11% f husehlds lived in pverty and an additinal 27% were ALICE husehlds equating t 38,583 struggling husehlds verall. Self-sufficiency challenges exist in Brwn Cunty. Cmmunity leaders shuld examine the results f the self-sufficiency data t determine next steps and imprve the financial security and husing ptins available t residents. 112

117 LIFE f Self-Sufficiency D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Self-Sufficiency sectin: factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_cp04&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_b25064&prdtype=table nlihc.rg/r/r2009/data.cfm?getstate=n&getcunty=n&cunty=_all&state=wi bchhcwi.rg/abut-us/data-reprts dpi.wi.gv/hmeless/data dpi.wi.gv/schl-nutritin/prgram-statistics map.feedingamerica.rg/cunty/2014/verall factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s1702&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_dp03&prdtype=table hmeenergyplus.wi.gv/categry.asp?linkcatid=273&linkid=120&lcid=25 dcf.wiscnsin.gv/researchandstatistics/rsdata/w2data.htm dcf.wiscnsin.gv/childcare/wishares/reprts.htm Other surces: Integrated Cmmunity Slutins (Patrick Leifker), Brwn Cunty UW-Extensin (Matt Kures), The Salvatin Army f Brwn Cunty, Paul s Pantry, Brwn Cunty United Way 2-1-1, Crisis Center f Family Services and Aging & Disability Resurce Center f Brwn Cunty Cllabrative Cllabrative Cmmunity Reprt Year End 2015, Cathlic Charities f the Dicese f Green Bay (Bbbie Lisn), Brwn Cunty Human Services (Jenny Hffman) 113

118 114

119 LIFE at Wrk LEADING INDICATORS Current Trend r w Cst f Living Index w w Incme distributin r r Unemplyment rate r r Dllar value f residential building permits w w Emplyment in the manufacturing sectr rgd wfair spr --- Nt Rated WORK EXCELLENCE FOR BROWN COUNTY IS DEFINED AS: Cmmunity members f all types experience: An ecnmy that ffers a lifelng cntinuum f jb and career training pprtunities Pathways frm schl t wrk Emplyment pprtunities that enable them t supprt an acceptable quality f life fr themselves and fr their families A grwing ecnmy that attracts and maintains an available, skilled, and mtivated wrkfrce A reginal visin f ecnmic grwth that is explicit, widely shared, and pursued

120 LIFE at Wrk S t a t u s n P r g r e s s Since the 2011 LIFE Study, Brwn Cunty remained stable r imprved acrss a variety f ecnmic indicatrs. This is particularly imprtant given the ecnmic challenges that defined much f the last decade. Fr residents, r fr thse cnsidering mving t the area, Brwn Cunty cntinued t be a very affrdable place t live. The cmpsite cst f living index remained belw the natinal average and, while median hme sale prices increased, husing csts in Green Bay were nly 80% f the natinal average. At the same time, childcare csts were belw the state average and cunty prperty taxes remained stable. Ecnmic experts in the area agreed that the affrdability f Brwn Cunty cntinues t be ne f its primary strengths. In additin t an attractive cst f living, cunty unemplyment rates have declined since 2009, and they are cnsistently lwer than the state as a whle. The median incme in the area als increased, and it remained slightly higher than statewide estimates. In fact, wages increased fr nearly every specific sectr that was examined. The largest increases were assciated with prfessinal and business services, financial activities, and trade, transprtatin, and utilities. Fr thse emplyed in the prductin, educatin and training, and transprtatin industries in Brwn Cunty, average hurly wages exceed thse in Wiscnsin. When taken tgether, the verall ecnmic utlk fr thse wh wrk and live in Brwn Cunty cntinues t be psitive. Anther imprtant characteristic f the Brwn Cunty ecnmy is its diversity. Of the 10 largest emplyers in the cunty, represented industries include educatin and health care, insurance, transprtatin, manufacturing, fd prcessing, and tribal administratin. Beynd the largest emplyers, the verall ecnmy was distributed acrss a variety f sectrs. Amng thse that were examined, n single industry cnsisted f mre than 20% f the Brwn Cunty ecnmy, and n industry was less than 5%. Accrding t ecnmic experts in the area, this diversity allwed Brwn Cunty t weather the recent recessin and related ecnmic challenges better than many ther cmmunities. Ging frward, experts agreed that diversificatin cntinues t be imprtant, thugh there is an pprtunity t innvate within existing industry clusters. Since the sectrs with the largest increases in emplyment in Brwn Cunty include finance, educatin and health care, and manufacturing, it appears the regin s current grwth was well-aligned with its existing ecnmic assets. While the many cntinuing and higher educatin institutins in Brwn Cunty have been instrumental t maintaining a rbust ecnmy, it is likely this rle will increase as new academic prgrams cntinue t be added that meet the needs f the reginal ecnmy (e.g., advanced manufacturing, engineering, business). Brwn Cunty and the greater Green Bay area als have the advantage f being natinally recgnized as the hme f the Green Bay Packers. The ability t further leverage this aspect f the reginal ecnmy remains imprtant. Natinal recgnitin can pen the dr t pprtunities that perhaps wuld nt be therwise available. The develpment f the Titletwn District near Lambeau Field, fr example, will ffer a number f new retail, htel, recreatin, and dining ptins. Nearly 90% f Brwn Cunty leaders viewed the develpment as very psitive r psitive. Since 2011, the redevelpment f dwntwn Green Bay has cntinued as well. Examples f recent prjects include an expansin f the KI Cnventin Center, the develpment f additinal residential husing units (e.g., CityDeck Landing, Metreau Apartments), the redevelpment f the Htel Nrthland, the expansin and relcatin f crprate headquarters in the dwntwn area (e.g., Assciated Bank, Schreiber), and additinal dining ptins. Apprximately 85% f surveyed leaders in Brwn Cunty rated the revitalizatin as excellent r gd. Accrding t ecnmic develpment experts, the prgress and current apprval ratings indicated a dwntwn that has again becme an imprtant asset t residents, businesses, and the brader reginal ecnmy. Finally, perceptins f the Brwn Cunty ecnmy and its ability t attract yung prfessinals has imprved significantly since Over 70% f surveyed cunty residents indicated the regin was excellent r gd at meeting their emplyment needs. This represented a nearly 20 percentage pint increase frm Similarly, 64% f surveyed cunty residents rated Brwn Cunty as a place fr yung prfessinals, a 5 percentage pint increase frm Overall, Brwn Cunty cntinued t maintain a lw cst f living with emplyment pprtunities that span a generally diverse grup f industries. It als prvided a variety f urban amenities, similar t larger cities, withut prblems such as traffic cngestin r high crime rates. Surveys f bth cmmunity leaders and cunty residents indicated existing and grwing satisfactin with the ecnmic pprtunities in the cmmunity and nging ecnmic develpment prjects. 116

121 Cst f Living Table 1 Cst f Living Index The Cst f Living Index prduced by the Cuncil fr Cmmunity and Ecnmic Research was used t cmpare the lcal average cst f living t the natinal average (100 represents the natinal average) based n the listed categries. In 2015, the cmpsite scre fr Green Bay was belw the natinal average. The average prices assciated with grceries, husing, and miscellaneus als were belw the average. In cntrast, the prices assciated with utilities, transprtatin, and health care were abve the natinal average. It shuld be nted that these scres may differ smewhat frm thse develped by ther rganizatins r agencies, given likely differences in data and methdlgies. Median Hme Sales Price The January median hme sales price in Brwn Cunty increased cnsistently frm 2011 t During the six-year perid, the price increased 17%, frm $129,000 in 2011 t $151,000 in The lwest median price was reprted in 2013 ($117,250). The median hme sales price in Wiscnsin fllwed a similar trend, thugh statewide prices were lwer than Brwn Cunty in five f the six years. Table 2 Average Weekly Childcare Csts In 2014, the average weekly family (in-hme) childcare csts in Brwn Cunty were $ and $ fr an infant and a child (age 4), respectively. Average weekly csts fr child care in a grup center was $ fr an infant and $ fr a child (age 4). When cmpared t Wiscnsin as a whle, the csts in Brwn Cunty were cnsistently lwer. On average, the price fr family child care in Brwn Cunty was apprximately $17 lwer than the state and the price f grup centers was apprximately $7.50 lwer verall. Fr Brwn Cunty residents, these csts were apprximately 15% f the median husehld incme in the cunty fr family child care and apprximately 21% fr grup child care. Lcal Prperty Tax Rates Frm 2009 t 2014, the Brwn Cunty tax rate remained relatively cnsistent. During the six-year perid, the rate increased by less than 3%. In 2009, taxpayers paid $4.445 per $1,000 f equalized value. In 2014, taxpayers paid $4.574 per $1,000 f equalized value. Hwever, this rate des nt include rates applied by verlapping jurisdictins (e.g., schl districts, municipalities, special districts), which can vary dramatically. It als shuld be nted that lcal gvernments in Wiscnsin are limited in their ability t raise prperty tax rates because f state restrictins. A mre detailed assessment and cmparisn f reginal tax rates wuld be a wrthwhile extensin f this study. Table Cst f Living Index (COLI)-Green Bay Cmpsite Grceries Husing Utilities Transprtatin Healthcare Miscellaneus Surce: The Cuncil fr Cmmunity and Ecnmic Research Table 2 Average Weekly Childcare Csts, 2014 Infant Child (Age 4) Family Child Care Brwn Cunty $ $ Wiscnsin $ $ Grup Centers Brwn Cunty $ Wiscnsin $ $ Surce: Family and Childcare Resurces f N.E.W. & Child Care Aware f America LIFE at Wrk 117

122 Earnings and Wages Incme Distributin In 2014, the gap between the mean incme f the lwest quintile f earners in Brwn Cunty and the highest earners was $134,594. Stated anther way, the highest quintile utearned the lwest quintile by 10:1. This was smewhat better than Wiscnsin as a whle, as the gap between the highest and lwest quintiles was $151,342 in 2014 slightly mre than a 12:1 rati. With the exceptin f the highest quintile, the mean husehld incme in Brwn Cunty was higher than Wiscnsin in each f the quintiles. Figure 2 Median Husehld Incme The median husehld incme fr Brwn Cunty residents increased slightly frm 2009 t During the six-year perid, husehld incmes rse apprximately 6%, frm $50,430 in 2009 t $53,392 in The median husehld incme in Wiscnsin als increased at a similar rate during the perid (5.2%). Hwever, with the exceptins f 2012 and 2013, the median husehld incme in Brwn Cunty was cnsistently higher than Wiscnsin as whle. Figure 2 Figure 3 Median Hurly Wages fr Select Industries In 2015, the median hurly wages fr select industries in Brwn Cunty were generally similar t Wiscnsin. Hwever, there were variatins acrss industries. Fr example, when cmpared t Wiscnsin, residents f Brwn Cunty tended t have higher wages in prductin (i.e., manufacturing), educatin and training, and transprtatin. In cntrast, wages in Brwn Cunty lagged the state in business and finance, health (practitiners), and entertainment, art, and design. In the case f the latter, the differences ranged frm $1.45 t $2.11 mre per hur. Change in Average Weekly Wages fr Select Industries Accrding t Wiscnsin s WORKnet, wages fr select industries in Brwn Cunty largely increased frm 2011 t Industries with the highest wage grwth included prfessinal and business services (21.2%), financial activities (14.9%), and trade, transprtatin and utilities (11.1%). Wages als increased in educatin and health services (9.9%), public administratin (7.5%), and manufacturing (7.4%). Of the selected industries, leisure and hspitality was the nly industry in which wages decreased ver the five year perid (dwn 1.7%). Figure LIFE at Wrk

123 Ecnmy Table 1 Largest Brwn Cunty Emplyers In 2016, the largest emplyers in Brwn Cunty were distributed acrss a variety f sectrs that included health care, insurance, transprtatin, manufacturing, and tribal administratin. It is imprtant t nte that the list f emplyers in Table 1 includes nly private emplyers (it des nt include lcal gvernments, universities r technical clleges, r nn-prfits). Health care and insurance cnsisted f the largest sectrs, with apprximately 7,800 and 5,300 emplyees, respectively. In ttal, these firms emplyed nearly 22,000 individuals. The verall cmpsitin f the largest emplyers in the cunty remained largely unchanged since Brwn Cunty Emplyment fr Select Industries When cnsidered as a whle, the Brwn Cunty ecnmy was relatively diverse and equally disbursed acrss a variety f industries. As a percentage f nnfarm industries, the largest included trade, transprtatin, and utilities (19%), manufacturing (17%), and educatin and health services (14%). Prfessinal and business services (12%), gvernment (12%), and retail (10%) all were als at least 10% f the ttal ecnmy. Leisure and hspitality (9%), financial activities (7%), and ther services (5%) were prminent, thugh smewhat less rbust than the ther industries. In sum, amng the nine selected industries, n single industry cnsisted f mre than 20% f the Brwn Cunty ecnmy, and n single industry was less than 5%. Table 1 10 Largest Brwn Cunty Emplyers, 2016 Humana Insurance C. 3,283 Bellin Health 2,729 Oneida Natin 2,700 Schneider Natinal Inc. 2,633 Gergia-Pacific 2,100 United Health Care 2,050 Aurra Health Care 2,009 St. Vincent Hspital 1,605 American Fds Grup 1,467 Prevea Health 1,417 Surce: Greater Green Bay Chamber 2016 Fact Bk Table 2 Ecnmic Impact f Turism in Brwn Cunty The ecnmic impact f turism in Brwn Cunty was substantial. In 2015, visitrs directly spent mre than $613 millin in the cunty, and ttal business sales exceeded $1 billin. Additinally, frm , the impact generally increased at a cnsistent rate. Direct visitr spending increased by 11.4%, ttal business sales increased by nearly 13%, ttal labr Incme increased by 9%, and state and lcal taxes generated frm turism increased by mre than 5%. Table 2 Ecnmic Impact f Turism in Brwn Cunty (in millins) % Change '12- '15 Direct Visitr Spending $ $ $ $ % Ttal Business Sales $ $ $ $1, % Emplyment $11,319 $11,196 $11,201 $11, % Ttal Labr Incme $ $ $ $ % State and Lcal Taxes $82.40 $82.90 $85.30 $ % Surce: Travel Wiscnsin LIFE at Wrk 119

124 Emplyment Annual Unemplyment Rate Unemplyment rates in Brwn Cunty were reflective f the ecnmic challenges and recvery experienced by the state and cuntry mre bradly. Prir t 2009, the unemplyment rate in the cunty was 4.6%. The rate peaked in 2010 (8.7%) and has since declined t 4.1%, a rate lwer than thse recrded prir t the recessin. During the entire perid, the unemplyment rate in Brwn Cunty was lwer than the Wiscnsin rate. Figure 2 Changes in Emplyment fr Select Industries Frm , emplyment in select industries increased, thugh the rates varied cnsiderably. Industries with the largest emplyment grwth included finance (8.05%) and educatin and health services (7%). Industries with mderate emplyment grwth included manufacturing (5%); trade, transprtatin, and utilities (4.8%); retail (4.4%); and ther services (3.7%). Leisure and hspitality (1.9%), prfessinal and business services (1.5%), and gvernment emplyment (1%) remained relatively unchanged. Figure 2 Figure 3 Perceptins f Jb Opprtunities fr Cmmunity Residents Accrding t the 2016 survey f cmmunity members, 72% f respndents indicated Brwn Cunty was excellent r gd at meeting their emplyment needs and the needs f their families. In cntrast, 20% r respndents indicated Brwn Cunty was fair r pr at meeting their emplyment needs. Apprximately 8% f thse wh respnded were unsure. This represented a significant change frm 2011 when 53% f cmmunity members indicated Brwn Cunty was excellent r gd at meeting emplyment needs. Perceptin f Equal Opprtunities fr Wmen in the Wrkplace Accrding t a survey f leaders in Brwn Cunty, 63% f respndents rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd at prviding equal pprtunities fr wmen in the wrkplace. Apprximately 25% rated the cunty as fair, and 4% indicated pr. Apprximately 8% f thse wh respnded were unsure. Figure 3 Perceptins f Jb Opprtunities fr Cmmunity Residents Perceptin f Retaining Experienced Prfessinals and Wrkers Accrding t a survey f leaders in Brwn Cunty, 56% f respndents rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd at retaining experienced prfessinals and wrkers. Rughly 34% rated the cunty as fair, and 5% indicated pr. Apprximately 6% f thse wh respnded were unsure % 42% 5% % 20% 8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys LIFE at Wrk 120

125 Ecnmic Develpment Change in the Number f Firms fr Select Industries Frm 2011 t 2015, the number f individual establishments assciated with select industries largely increased r remained stable. The number f educatin and health services firms increased by apprximately 40 percentage pints ver the fiveyear perid the largest f any industry. Finance and prfessinal and business establishments increased slightly, 4.7% and 4.6% respectively. Trade, transprtatin, and utilities and leisure and hspitality remained stable, while the number f manufacturing and gvernment establishments decreased slightly. Wiscnsin, as a whle, recrded a greater grwth rate r less f a decline than Brwn Cunty amng five f the seven selected industries. Figure 2 Ttal Residential Building Permit Value Frm 2007 t 2015, the ttal value f residential building permits increased, thugh significant fluctuatins ccurred during the perid. In 2007, the ttal value f the permits exceeded $130 millin. As wuld be expected, the value decreased in several subsequent years, ranging frm $81.6 millin in 2008 t $113.2 in Since 2011, the value grew much mre cnsistently and in 2015 it surpassed pre-recessin levels ($132.2 millin). 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% -10.0% -0.4% Figure 2 Change in the Number f Firms fr Select Industries ( ) 5.0% 4.0% 0.5% 9.8% 4.7% 4.6% -1.6% 40.1% Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin Surce: U.S. Bureau f Labr Statistics 3.5% 6.9% 0.1% -3.4% -1.2% Figure 3 Perceptins f Future Ecnmic Strength Accrding t a survey f Brwn Cunty residents, 62% f respndents selected excellent r gd when asked if Brwn Cunty was ding the things necessary t have a strng ecnmy in the future. In cntrast, 27% selected fair r pr. Apprximately 11% f thse wh respnded were unsure. In 2011, 49% f respndents selected excellent r gd when asked if Brwn Cunty was ding the things necessary t have a strng ecnmy in the future, while 42% selected fair r pr. Perceptins f the Revitalizatin f Dwntwn Green Bay Accrding t a survey f leaders in Brwn Cunty, 85% f respndents rated the prgress f revitalizing dwntwn Green Bay as excellent r gd. In cntrast, 12% rated the revitalizatin prgress as fair, and 3% f respndents either selected pr r indicated they were unsure. Figure Perceptins f Future Ecnmic Strength 49% 42% 9% Perceptins f the Packer s Titletwn District Develpment Similarly, 88% f Brwn Cunty leaders viewed the Packers Titletwn District very psitively r psitively. Apprximately 5% viewed the develpment negatively, 1% selected very negatively, and 6% f thse wh respnded were unsure % 27% 11% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys LIFE at Wrk 121

126 Wrkfrce Excellence Higher Educatin Attainment f the Adult Ppulatin In 2014, apprximately 11% f the adult residents in Brwn Cunty had an Assciate s degree as their highest degree. An additinal 27.5% f residents had a Bachelr s degree r higher. When cmpared t Wiscnsin as a whle, Brwn Cunty had a higher percentage f residents with an Assciate s degree and a nearly equal percentage f residents with a Bachelr s degree r higher. Althugh nt shwn in the figure, the percentage f Brwn Cunty residents with bth types f degrees increased by rughly 2% since The percentage f thse with higher educatin in Wiscnsin increased by a similar amunt during the same perid. Figure 2 Overall Labr Frce Participatin Rate Frm 2008 t 2014, the verall labr frce participatin rate (ages 20 t 64 years) in Brwn Cunty declined slightly, frm 84.8% in 2008 t 80.6% in When cmpared t Wiscnsin, the rates and trends were similar. Apprximately 83.4% f the Wiscnsin ppulatin (ages 20 t 64 years) participated in the wrkfrce in 2008, and 81.3% participated in Althugh nt shwn in the figure, the rates in bth Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin exceeded the United States as a whle in every year. Rates in Brwn Cunty, n average, were apprximately 5 percentage pints higher than the cuntry s rates during the perid. Higher Educatin Attainment f the Adult Ppulatin (2014 estimates) 30.0% 27.5% 27.4% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 11.4% 9.9% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Assciate's Degree Bachelr's Degree r higher Brwn Cunty Wiscnsin Surce: U.S. Census Bureau Figure 2 Labr Frce Participatin Rate by Sex In 2014, mre men than wmen participated in the Brwn Cunty wrkfrce (ages 20 t 64 years). Apprximately 83.6% f men participated in the wrkfrce while the rate was 77.6% fr wmen. When cmpared t Wiscnsin, bth participatin rates in Brwn Cunty were slightly lwer. Rughly 84.1% f men participated in the wrkfrce in Wiscnsin while the rate was 78.4% fr wmen. The labr frce participatin rates in bth Brwn Cunty and Wiscnsin declined since In Brwn Cunty, the participatin rates amng men declined by 5% and rates amng wmen declined by 3.5%. In Wiscnsin, the rate amng men declined by 2.5% and rates amng wmen declined by apprximately 2%. Perceptins f Quality f Life Features that Attract Businesses and Emplyees Accrding t the 2016 survey f cmmunity leaders in Brwn Cunty, 73% f respndents selected excellent r gd when asked if Brwn Cunty was prviding the quality f life features that attract businesses and emplyees t the area. Apprximately 24% selected fair, and the remaining 3% f respndents either selected pr r indicated they were unsure. 122 LIFE at Wrk

127 Yung Prfessinals Cmmunity Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Yung Prfessinals Accrding t surveyed cmmunity members, 64% f respndents rated Brwn Cunty as an excellent r gd place fr yung prfessinals. In cntrast, 24% f respndents indicated Brwn Cunty was a fair r pr place fr yung prfessinals. Apprximately 12% f thse wh respnded were unsure. In 2011, 59% f respndents selected excellent r gd, while 31% indicated fair r pr. Figure 2 Cmmunity Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Yung Prfessinals by Age Accrding t surveyed cmmunity members, perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a place fr yung prfessinals did nt vary substantially by age. Acrss all f the age grups, the majrity f respndents rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd fr yung prfessinals. Figure 3 Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place that Attracts and Retains Yung Prfessinals Accrding t surveyed cmmunity members, 46% f respndents rated Brwn Cunty as excellent r gd at attracting, cultivating, and rewarding talented yung prfessinals. Alternatively, 47% indicated Brwn Cunty was fair r pr. Apprximately 8% f thse wh respnded were unsure. When cmpared t 2011, the percentage f leaders wh selected excellent r gd increased by 19 percentage pints. Perceptins f the Need t Attract and Retain Yung Prfessinals as a Future Pririty When leaders in Brwn Cunty were asked t indicate whether they, as leaders, shuld place a lw r high pririty n attracting and retaining yung prfessinals, 43% indicated the issue shuld receive a high pririty. Apprximately 47% indicated it shuld be a mderate pririty and 9% indicated the issue shuld be a lw pririty. Perceptins f the Need t Prmte Wrkfrce Develpment fr Yung Prfessinals When leaders in Brwn Cunty were asked t indicate whether they, as leaders, shuld place a lw r high pririty n prmting wrkfrce develpment fr yung prfessinals, 39% indicated the issue shuld receive a high pririty. Apprximately 51% indicated it shuld be a mderate pririty, and 9% indicated the issue shuld be a lw pririty. In 2011, nly 27% f respndents indicated the issue shuld receive a high pririty Figure Figure Cmmunity Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place fr Yung Prfessinals 59% 64% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 31% 24% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys A Place fr Yung Prfessinals 59% 57% 66% 62% 68% 66% 68% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 13% 20% 28% 29% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2016 Brwn Cunty Cmmunity Surveys 28% 29% 28% 21% Perceptins f Brwn Cunty as a Place that Attracts and Retains Yung Prfessinals 27% 46% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 62% 47% Excellent/Gd Fair/Pr Nt Sure Surce: 2011 & 2016 Brwn Cunty Leader Surveys 18% 11% 12% 14% 14% 11% 4% 5% 5% 8% LIFE at Wrk 123

128 Transprtatin Mean Travel Time t Wrk The mean travel time t wrk fr residents f Brwn Cunty increased slightly, frm 18.1 minutes in 2010 t 20 minutes in When cmpared t Wiscnsin, the mean travel time in Brwn Cunty was cnsistently lwer, thugh the difference was the smallest in In 2010, Wiscnsin residents had a mean travel time f 21.6 minutes, and by 2014 it increased marginally t 21.9 minutes. Figure 2 Mde f Transprtatin t Wrk By a large margin, the primary means f transprtatin fr Brwn Cunty residents was driving alne. Mre than 84% f Brwn Cunty residents drve alne when cmmuting t wrk. Slightly less than 7% carpled, 2.5% walked, less than 0.5% used public transprtatin, and nearly 3% used ther means. When cmpared t Wiscnsin mre bradly, fewer cmmuters in the state drve alne, and mre used alternative means f transprtatin that included carpling, public transprtatin, and walking. The use f carpling and public transprtatin, in particular, were ntably higher in the state as a whle. Figure 2 Figure 3 Green Bay Austin Straubel Internatinal Airprt Usage Frm 2009 t 2015, the use f Green Bay Austin Straubel Internatinal Airprt fr air passengers and freight declined. During the perid, bth air passengers and freight declined by apprximately 15%. The mst ntable decline fr air passengers ccurred between 2012 and Air freight declined during the same perid, but it then increased t a high pint in 2013 befre declining again t its lwest recrded amunt in Prt f Green Bay Annual Tnnage Althugh nt a means f transprtatin fr residents f Brwn Cunty, the Prt f Green Bay ffers a rute fr transprting raw gds and materials. Frm 2009 t 2015, annual prt tnnage increased by apprximately 10%. Ttal tnnage in 2014 was the highest during the seven-year perid (2,307,346). The number f ships per year fluctuated frm a lw f 141 in 2010 t a high f 199 in In 2015, 158 ships utilized the prt. Figure 3 Perceptins f the Transprtatin System Accrding t a survey f Brwn Cunty residents, 66% f respndents selected excellent r gd when asked if the verall transprtatin system in Brwn Cunty met their needs t get t wrk. In cntrast, 23% selected fair and 6% indicated pr. Apprximately 5% f thse wh respnded were unsure. 124 LIFE at Wrk

129 LIFE at Wrk C h a l l e n g e s a n d O p p r t u n i t i e s Prir t the 2011 LIFE Study, the primary ecnmic challenge facing Brwn Cunty, and cmmunities acrss the cunty, was the natinal recessin and its lingering fiscal impacts. Althugh the effects f the recessin have generally diminished, additinal challenges remain. Althugh the reginal ecnmy was relatively rbust in recent years, area ecnmic experts agreed that businesses, cmmunity leaders, and residents cannt assume ecnmic cnditins will always remain strng. In part, having a relatively diversified reginal ecnmy can prvide sme prtectin against dwnturns within individual industries. Hwever, ecnmic sectrs can change rapidly. New technlgies, business acquisitins, r relcatins in the manufacturing, insurance, r healthcare sectrs, fr example, culd have a significant negative impact n emplyment rates, wages, r verall perceptins f ecnmic health in the area. Experts highlighted the imprtance f innvatin within existing r cmplementary ecnmic sectrs. Rather than attempting t cultivate entirely new industry clusters frm scratch, the ability t wrk with what we have culd g a lng way tward maintaining and grwing the existing reginal ecnmy. Ecnmic experts in the area als nted the need t recruit strng managerial talent, entrepreneurs, and yung prfessinals t the cmmunity frm beynd the larger regin and the state. The regin has t be willing t tell its stry and highlight its many psitive and unique characteristics. This als will be imprtant as baby bmers cntinue t retire, particularly in the manufacturing sectr. Currently, there are a large number f available manufacturing psitins, and mre will likely becme available. Hwever, as fewer millennials and yung prfessinals have experience r training in advanced manufacturing, a skills-jbs mismatch can develp. In rder t alleviate this prblem, mre wrkers trained in science, technlgy, engineering, and math (STEM) fields and advanced manufacturing will be needed, particularly as members f the baby bmer generatin retire at higher rates. Additinally, in sme industries, the average wages in Brwn Cunty were less than the average in Wiscnsin as a whle. In particular, business and finance wages in Brwn Cuntry trailed the Wiscnsin average by $1.50 per hur. Wages fr health practitiners in the area trailed the state average by rughly the same amunt. Thse in the entertainment, arts, and designs fields received apprximately $2 less than their peers in ther parts f the state. While the lw cst f living in Brwn Cunty can ffset these differences t sme degree, lwer wages, particularly in highdemand, well-paying industries, culd be a disincentive fr thse cnsidering a mve t the area. Mrever, the 2016 Wiscnsin ALICE Reprt ntes that "65 percent f jbs (in Wiscnsin verall) pay less than $20 per hur, with nearly half f thse paying between $10 and $15 per hur," which accrding t the reprt is less than mst husehlds need t make ends meet and save fr the future. As ther sectins f the reprt highlight, the ppulatin f Brwn Cunty has cntinued t becme mre diverse. While this was beneficial fr a variety f reasns, a number f reginal industry sectrs heavily rely n certain minrity grups (e.g., agriculture, fd prcessing, manufacturing). Hwever, accrding t reginal ecnmic experts, there was a significant need t better integrate scial and ethnic grups int the brader cmmunity. The greater Green Bay area cnsists f many different types f cmmunities, and there are many events thrughut the year that make it attractive fr businesses, emplyees, and families. Nnetheless, additinal effrts are needed t encurage mre interactin amng all scial grups in the regin. A segregated cmmunity, whether by race, ethnicity, r incme, can be prblematic fr many reasns, including the ptential t stifle ecnmic grwth, wages, emplyment rates, and perceptins f ecnmic strength. Finally, the Brwn Cunty ecnmy was supprted by varius mdes f transprtatin that include a newly updated interstate system, the Prt f Green Bay, and Green Bay Austin Straubel Internatinal Airprt. Traffic prblems were generally limited, and mst residents drve alne t wrk in their wn vehicles. Hwever, there was several areas f cncern. First, as this reprt highlights elsewhere, the use f public transit was limited and much lwer than in Wiscnsin as a whle. Secnd, passengers and freight had bth declined at Green Bay Austin Straubel Internatinal Airprt. This was prblematic because air traffic can impact the number and variety f services prvided. Rbust passenger traffic can lead t additinal flights r direct service cities, while less traffic culd lead t reductins. In rder t maintain a strng reginal ecnmy, hwever, easy access t an affrdable, well-cnnected airprt is needed. 125

130 LIFE at Wrk D a t a S u r c e s The fllwing surces were used in the Wrk sectin: fcrnew.rg/wp-cntent/uplads/2015/02/avg-rates-2014.pdf wistax.rg/facts/cunties factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_cp03&prdtype=table wrknet.wiscnsin.gv/wrknet/daindustry.aspx?menuselectin=da censtats.census.gv/bldg/bldgprmt.shtml industry.travelwiscnsin.cm/research/ecnmic-impact issuu.cm/greatergbchamber/dcs/factbk16 factfinder.census.gv/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml wrknet.wiscnsin.gv/wrknet/daces.aspx?menuselectin=da wisedash.dpi.wi.gv/dashbard/prtalhme.jsp factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s1501&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_b19081&prdtype=table factfinder.census.gv/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/prductview.xhtml?pid=acs_14_1yr_s2301&prdtype=table Other surces: Child Care Aware, U.S. Bureau f Labr Statistics, Assistant Airprt Directr 126

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