Appendix B: DETAILS ABOUT THE SIMULATION MODEL. contained in lookup tables that are all calculated on an auxiliary spreadsheet.
|
|
- Arron Gilbert
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Appendix B: DETAILS ABOUT THE SIMULATION MODEL The simulaion model is carried ou on one spreadshee and has five modules, four of which are conained in lookup ables ha are all calculaed on an auxiliary spreadshee. 1. Populaion and Labor Force Module The lookup able conains he hree L-T populaion projecions (1994) for seleced years beween 2000 and 2050 for four age groups: 1-19, 20-64, over 64 and over 85. For he years beween hese poins, I assumed a consan growh rae of each populaion group - simplificaions o make inerpreaion of he resuls less problemaic. From hese daa I roughly esimaed he populaion wihin wo special age groups (20-24 and 65-69) by muliplying he relevan L-P age groupings by he fixed raios represening wha hese were in So ha he working age can sar a 25 and he reiremen age can be changed from 65 o 70. Such demographic approximaions have lile impac on he final resuls. The labor supply was calculaed separaely for he and he age groups. For he former, I merely muliplied he populaion in ha age group by a paricipaion raio which could be fixed or changed a a consan percenage incremens over ime. Workers in he age group were esimaed in wo seps. If he reiremen age remained a 65, he number of workers in his cohor was zero; if he reiremen age was chosen o be 70 in 2050, I muliplied he populaion in he age group by a fracion rising from 0 o 1 in regular incremens and hen by he same labor force paricipaion raio used for he age group. 2. Saving Rae Module This calculaion cenered around a lookup able of he consumpion level of workers ha is mainained hroughou heir working lifeime so ha hey accumulae enough savings o finance consumpion during reiremen a some fracion of heir former consumpion level (consumpion-replacemen raio). The
2 consumpion level depends on he growh of he workers annual income, he ineres rae, heir year of reiremen, and heir year of deah. This consumpion level was deermined ieraively on he auxiliary spreadshee and he soluion required he worker o have exhaused all saving a he ime of deah. From he daa on he paern of consumpion and income of a single worker over a working lifeime, I calculaed he raio of he chosen consumpion level o he average aggregae oal income over he working life. Assuming he same number of workers in each age group wihin he cohor of workers, his was used as he saving rae for all workers in each year. A problem arose because I assumed ha he life expecancy beween 2000 and 2050 was increasing from 80 o 85 and ha, a leas in some simulaions, he age of reiremen was rising from 65 o 70 in he same period. To ake hese changes ino accoun, I calculaed wo ses of opimal savings raes, one assuming a life expecancy of 80 years and a reiremen age of 65, which is used o define he iniial saving rae; and anoher assuming a life expecancy of 85 years, and a reiremen age of eiher 65 or 70. These se he endpoin saving raes, wih he acual rae in he oher years rising a even incremens beween hese wo values. 3. Income Module The ne income of workers on which hey base heir saving decisions was se equal o heir work income (which increases a a consan annual rae) plus heir ineres income (or minus heir ineres paymens if hey are in deb). As noed in he ex, he ineres income on saving or ineres paymens on loans came from a source ouside he model. When calculaing he saving rae, I also calculaed he raio of oal aggregae income over he working lifeime o oal work income over he same period. This varied according o he ineres rae, growh rae, income replacemen rae, age of reiremen, and age of deah; much of he relevan informaion
3 was conained in a lookup able. 4. Module of Consumpion (Dissaving) Raes by Reired Workers This calculaion cenered around a lookup able providing raes of consumpion of reired workers wih a given life expecancy. This level was merely he level of consumpion mainained hrough he working lifeime imes he consumpion-replacemen raio and was par of he calculaions used o deermine he opimum consumpion level during a worker s lifeime. This dissaving needed, however, o be relaed o he curren level of income of acive workers, which was easily deermined by calculaing he raio of consumpion of a reired worker o he average income of curren workers. For simpliciy, I made hree calculaions: he raio of he consumpion of a worker who jus reired o he average income of workers 1 o 5 years in he pas; o 6 o 20 years in he pas, and 21 o 30 years in he pas. Using hese raios I could hen calculae from he curren income of a worker he consumpion level of reired workers in hese hree differen age brackes. Toal consumpion of for hese hree groups of reired workers could be calculaed by simply muliplying he average income of workers in he curren year imes hese raios imes he number of reired workers in he age group corresponding o he raio. Because life expecancy and, for some simulaions, he age of reiremen were increasing, I followed he same procedure as for saving, deermining he iniial consumpion raios using one se of assumpions abou age and reiremen and he end consumpion raios using anoher se of assumpions and hen creaing a weighed average ha increased in regular incremens of he 50-year period. 5. The Main Simulaion Since mos of he calculaions are carried ou in he saving, income, and dissaving modules, he calculaions conaining he aggregae resuls were simple and consised of he calculaion for income,
4 average consumpion of workers, aggregae saving of acive workers, aggregae dissaving of reired workers, and, finally, ne saving. Average income increased a a consan annual rae. Average consumpion was deermined by muliplying he income by he saving rae deermined in he saving module. Toal saving was calculaed by muliplying he average saving imes he number of acive workers. Toal dissaving was deermined by muliplying he number of reired workers imes he average curren consumpion of workers imes he consumpion-replacemen rae imes he raio of consumpion of reired o acive workers ha was calculaed in he dissaving module. Ne saving is simply he sum of aggregae saving of acive workers and aggregae dissaving of reired workers.
5 Appendix C: AN ALGEBRAIC DEMONSTRATION OF SOME SIMULATION RESULTS The discussion in he ex is based on inuiive argumens and numbers derived from he simulaions. Neverheless, if we assume a world wihou an ineres rae, he various resuls can be derived from a simple algebraic model ha provide more rigor o he argumen ha ne saving falls beween 2000 and Le S = ne saving, he sum of he saving of acive workers and he dissaving of he reired workers. The saving of acive workers in ime period is SA. Equaion C1: SA =. (ó Y ) (a A ), where ó = he saving rae, Y = average income, a = percenage of adul populaion who are acive workers, and A = adul populaion. The expression in he firs parenheses is he saving of one worker and he expression in he second parenheses is he number of acive workers. Dissaving by reired workers = consumpion by reired workers is SA. Equaion C2: SA = (ñ (1 - ó ) Y z ) ((1-a ) A ), where ñ = consumpion-replacemen raio, and z = raio of income on which saving decisions of reired workers were based o curren income of acive workers. The expression in he firs brackes is he dissaving of a single worker and he expression in he second brackes is he number of reired workers. Thus, in any given year, Equaion C3-a: S = (ó Y ) (a A ) - (ñ (1 - ó ) Y z ) ((1-a ) A ) Since we are ineresed in he ne saving raio, ha is, he raio of ne saving over oal income, his expression can be arranged for easier analysis: Equaion C3-b: (S / a A Y ) = ó - (ñ (1 - ó ) z )((1-a )/a ).
6 Given he assumed growh of 1.8% a year of income and assuming ha he populaion in each year cohor beween reiremen and deah is he same, z =.60. Since ñ = 1, he expression reduces o: Equaion C3-c: (S / a A Y ) = ó - (.6 (1 - ó )) ((1-a )/a ). Since ó depends on he age of reiremen and he life expecancy, wo variables which may change over ime, i is necessary o know how ó will change when hese wo variables change. Since lifeime saving (oal average annual savings imes number of work years) = oal dissaving in reiremen (annual consumpion imes number of reiremen years). Leing k = percenage of adul years spen working and K = oal adul years, hen: Equaion C4-a: ó Y k K = (ñ (1 - ó ) Y)((1-k) K). Rearranging and simplifying: Equaion C4-b: ó = ñ (1-k)/ (k - ñk +ñ). Given he assumpions of he model, his can be simplified o: Equaion C4-c: ó = (1-k). Since life expecancy rises from 80 o 85 and he reiremen age from 65 o 70, k changes from o 0.750, and ó falls from o (in he simulaions). This should be obvious since he number of reiremen years is he same, bu workers have more years o accumulae he necessary savings. Given he assumpions of he model, he quesion is how he aggregae saving rae changes is simple o derive. From he L-T daa we deermine ha a falls from o and, as a resul, (1-a)/a rises from o (in he simulaions i falls somewha less because I am defining he adul labor force as 25 o reiremen, raher han 20 o reiremen). Because he expressions in boh of he brackes in equaion 1a are increasing and because ó is falling, he saving rae falls. Alhough he numerical resuls are sensiive o he populaion esimaes, hey do no affec he
7 qualiaive resuls. Wih he SSA esimaes, he same fall in (1-a)/a occurs, bu wih he Census esimaes here is a sligh increase. Neverheless, in he laer case he resul of muliplying he wo brackeed expressions in equaion 1a sill shows an increase.
Introduction. Enterprises and background. chapter
NACE: High-Growh Inroducion Enerprises and background 18 chaper High-Growh Enerprises 8 8.1 Definiion A variey of approaches can be considered as providing he basis for defining high-growh enerprises.
More informationMA Advanced Macro, 2016 (Karl Whelan) 1
MA Advanced Macro, 2016 (Karl Whelan) 1 The Calvo Model of Price Rigidiy The form of price rigidiy faced by he Calvo firm is as follows. Each period, only a random fracion (1 ) of firms are able o rese
More informationa. If Y is 1,000, M is 100, and the growth rate of nominal money is 1 percent, what must i and P be?
Problem Se 4 ECN 101 Inermediae Macroeconomics SOLUTIONS Numerical Quesions 1. Assume ha he demand for real money balance (M/P) is M/P = 0.6-100i, where is naional income and i is he nominal ineres rae.
More informationCHAPTER CHAPTER26. Fiscal Policy: A Summing Up. Prepared by: Fernando Quijano and Yvonn Quijano
Fiscal Policy: A Summing Up Prepared by: Fernando Quijano and vonn Quijano CHAPTER CHAPTER26 2006 Prenice Hall usiness Publishing Macroeconomics, 4/e Olivier lanchard Chaper 26: Fiscal Policy: A Summing
More information(1 + Nominal Yield) = (1 + Real Yield) (1 + Expected Inflation Rate) (1 + Inflation Risk Premium)
5. Inflaion-linked bonds Inflaion is an economic erm ha describes he general rise in prices of goods and services. As prices rise, a uni of money can buy less goods and services. Hence, inflaion is an
More informationDocumentation: Philadelphia Fed's Real-Time Data Set for Macroeconomists First-, Second-, and Third-Release Values
Documenaion: Philadelphia Fed's Real-Time Daa Se for Macroeconomiss Firs-, Second-, and Third-Release Values Las Updaed: December 16, 2013 1. Inroducion We documen our compuaional mehods for consrucing
More informationCHAPTER CHAPTER18. Openness in Goods. and Financial Markets. Openness in Goods, and Financial Markets. Openness in Goods,
Openness in Goods and Financial Markes CHAPTER CHAPTER18 Openness in Goods, and Openness has hree disinc dimensions: 1. Openness in goods markes. Free rade resricions include ariffs and quoas. 2. Openness
More informationProblem Set 1 Answers. a. The computer is a final good produced and sold in Hence, 2006 GDP increases by $2,000.
Social Analysis 10 Spring 2006 Problem Se 1 Answers Quesion 1 a. The compuer is a final good produced and sold in 2006. Hence, 2006 GDP increases by $2,000. b. The bread is a final good sold in 2006. 2006
More informationOutput: The Demand for Goods and Services
IN CHAPTER 15 how o incorporae dynamics ino he AD-AS model we previously sudied how o use he dynamic AD-AS model o illusrae long-run economic growh how o use he dynamic AD-AS model o race ou he effecs
More informationMacroeconomics II THE AD-AS MODEL. A Road Map
Macroeconomics II Class 4 THE AD-AS MODEL Class 8 A Road Map THE AD-AS MODEL: MICROFOUNDATIONS 1. Aggregae Supply 1.1 The Long-Run AS Curve 1.2 rice and Wage Sickiness 2.1 Aggregae Demand 2.2 Equilibrium
More informationBond Prices and Interest Rates
Winer erm 1999 Bond rice Handou age 1 of 4 Bond rices and Ineres Raes A bond is an IOU. ha is, a bond is a promise o pay, in he fuure, fixed amouns ha are saed on he bond. he ineres rae ha a bond acually
More informationMacroeconomics. Part 3 Macroeconomics of Financial Markets. Lecture 8 Investment: basic concepts
Macroeconomics Par 3 Macroeconomics of Financial Markes Lecure 8 Invesmen: basic conceps Moivaion General equilibrium Ramsey and OLG models have very simple assumpions ha invesmen ino producion capial
More informationLi Gan Guan Gong Michael Hurd. April, 2006
Ne Inergeneraional Transfers from an Increase in Social Securiy Benefis Li Gan Guan Gong Michael Hurd April, 2006 ABSTRACT When he age of deah is uncerain, individuals will leave bequess even if hey have
More informationEconomic Growth Continued: From Solow to Ramsey
Economic Growh Coninued: From Solow o Ramsey J. Bradford DeLong May 2008 Choosing a Naional Savings Rae Wha can we say abou economic policy and long-run growh? To keep maers simple, le us assume ha he
More informationCHAPTER 3 How to Calculate Present Values. Answers to Practice Questions
CHAPTER 3 How o Calculae Presen Values Answers o Pracice Quesions. a. PV $00/.0 0 $90.53 b. PV $00/.3 0 $9.46 c. PV $00/.5 5 $ 3.5 d. PV $00/. + $00/. + $00/. 3 $40.8. a. DF + r 0.905 r 0.050 0.50% b.
More informationProblem 1 / 25 Problem 2 / 25 Problem 3 / 11 Problem 4 / 15 Problem 5 / 24 TOTAL / 100
Deparmen of Economics Universiy of Maryland Economics 35 Inermediae Macroeconomic Analysis Miderm Exam Suggesed Soluions Professor Sanjay Chugh Fall 008 NAME: The Exam has a oal of five (5) problems and
More informationMa 093 and MA 117A - Exponential Models. Topic 1 Compound Interest
Ma 093 and MA 117A - Eponenial Models Topic 1 Compound Ineres 15) Compound Ineres A person invess $7000 a 10% ineres compounded annuall. a) Find an equaion for he value of he invesmen afer ears. = a* b
More informationSpring 2011 Social Sciences 7418 University of Wisconsin-Madison
Economics 32, Sec. 1 Menzie D. Chinn Spring 211 Social Sciences 7418 Universiy of Wisconsin-Madison Noes for Econ 32-1 FALL 21 Miderm 1 Exam The Fall 21 Econ 32-1 course used Hall and Papell, Macroeconomics
More informationFINAL EXAM EC26102: MONEY, BANKING AND FINANCIAL MARKETS MAY 11, 2004
FINAL EXAM EC26102: MONEY, BANKING AND FINANCIAL MARKETS MAY 11, 2004 This exam has 50 quesions on 14 pages. Before you begin, please check o make sure ha your copy has all 50 quesions and all 14 pages.
More informationANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. CHAPTERS 6-9; (Blanchard)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS CHAPTERS 6-9; 18-20 (Blanchard) Quesion 1 Discuss in deail he following: a) The sacrifice raio b) Okun s law c) The neuraliy of money d) Bargaining power e) NAIRU f) Wage indexaion
More informationFundamental Basic. Fundamentals. Fundamental PV Principle. Time Value of Money. Fundamental. Chapter 2. How to Calculate Present Values
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Chaper 2 How o Calculae Presen Values Principles of Corporae Finance Tenh Ediion Slides by Mahew Will And Bo Sjö 22 Copyrigh 2 by he McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All righs reserved. Fundamenal
More informationLIDSTONE IN THE CONTINUOUS CASE by. Ragnar Norberg
LIDSTONE IN THE CONTINUOUS CASE by Ragnar Norberg Absrac A generalized version of he classical Lidsone heorem, which deals wih he dependency of reserves on echnical basis and conrac erms, is proved in
More informationIf You Are No Longer Able to Work
If You Are No Longer Able o Work NY STRS A Guide for Making Disabiliy Reiremen Decisions INTRODUCTION If you re forced o sop working because of a serious illness or injury, you and your family will be
More informationMultiple Choice Questions Solutions are provided directly when you do the online tests.
SOLUTIONS Muliple Choice Quesions Soluions are provided direcly when you do he online ess. Numerical Quesions 1. Nominal and Real GDP Suppose han an economy consiss of only 2 ypes of producs: compuers
More informationFinal Exam Answers Exchange Rate Economics
Kiel Insiu für Welwirhschaf Advanced Sudies in Inernaional Economic Policy Research Spring 2005 Menzie D. Chinn Final Exam Answers Exchange Rae Economics This exam is 1 ½ hours long. Answer all quesions.
More informationUCLA Department of Economics Fall PhD. Qualifying Exam in Macroeconomic Theory
UCLA Deparmen of Economics Fall 2016 PhD. Qualifying Exam in Macroeconomic Theory Insrucions: This exam consiss of hree pars, and you are o complee each par. Answer each par in a separae bluebook. All
More informationYou should turn in (at least) FOUR bluebooks, one (or more, if needed) bluebook(s) for each question.
UCLA Deparmen of Economics Spring 05 PhD. Qualifying Exam in Macroeconomic Theory Insrucions: This exam consiss of hree pars, and each par is worh 0 poins. Pars and have one quesion each, and Par 3 has
More informationUniversity College Dublin, MA Macroeconomics Notes, 2014 (Karl Whelan) Page 1
Universiy College Dublin, MA Macroeconomics Noes, 2014 (Karl Whelan) Page 1 Growh Accouning The final par of his course will focus on wha is known as growh heory. Unlike mos of macroeconomics, which concerns
More informationInventory Investment. Investment Decision and Expected Profit. Lecture 5
Invenory Invesmen. Invesmen Decision and Expeced Profi Lecure 5 Invenory Accumulaion 1. Invenory socks 1) Changes in invenory holdings represen an imporan and highly volaile ype of invesmen spending. 2)
More informationResearch. Michigan. Center. Retirement. The Adequacy of Economic Resources in. Retirement. Working Paper MR RC. Michael D. Hurd and Susann Rohwedder
Michigan Universiy of Reiremen Research Cener Working Paper WP 2008-184 The Adequacy of Economic Resources in Reiremen Michael D. Hurd and Susann Rohwedder MR RC Projec #: UM08-11 The Adequacy of Economic
More information4452 Mathematical Modeling Lecture 17: Modeling of Data: Linear Regression
Mah Modeling Lecure 17: Modeling of Daa: Linear Regression Page 1 5 Mahemaical Modeling Lecure 17: Modeling of Daa: Linear Regression Inroducion In modeling of daa, we are given a se of daa poins, and
More informationThis specification describes the models that are used to forecast
PCE and CPI Inflaion Differenials: Convering Inflaion Forecass Model Specificaion By Craig S. Hakkio This specificaion describes he models ha are used o forecas he inflaion differenial. The 14 forecass
More informationSan Francisco State University ECON 560 Summer 2018 Problem set 3 Due Monday, July 23
San Francisco Sae Universiy Michael Bar ECON 56 Summer 28 Problem se 3 Due Monday, July 23 Name Assignmen Rules. Homework assignmens mus be yped. For insrucions on how o ype equaions and mah objecs please
More informationSession IX: Special topics
Session IX: Special opics 2. Subnaional populaion projecions 10 March 2016 Cheryl Sawyer, Lina Bassarsky Populaion Esimaes and Projecions Secion www.unpopulaion.org Maerials adaped from Unied Naions Naional
More information2. Quantity and price measures in macroeconomic statistics 2.1. Long-run deflation? As typical price indexes, Figure 2-1 depicts the GDP deflator,
1 2. Quaniy and price measures in macroeconomic saisics 2.1. Long-run deflaion? As ypical price indexes, Figure 2-1 depics he GD deflaor, he Consumer rice ndex (C), and he Corporae Goods rice ndex (CG)
More informationObjectives for Exponential Functions Activity
Objecives for Recognize siuaions having a consan percen change as exponenial Creae an exponenial model given wo poins Creae and inerpre an exponenial model in a conex Compound ineres problems Perform exponenial
More informationUnemployment and Phillips curve
Unemploymen and Phillips curve 2 of The Naural Rae of Unemploymen and he Phillips Curve Figure 1 Inflaion versus Unemploymen in he Unied Saes, 1900 o 1960 During he period 1900 o 1960 in he Unied Saes,
More informationMacroeconomics. Typical macro questions (I) Typical macro questions (II) Methodology of macroeconomics. Tasks carried out by macroeconomists
Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is he area of economics ha sudies he overall economic aciviy in a counry or region by means of indicaors of ha aciviy. There is no essenial divide beween micro and macroeconomics,
More informationSupplement to Chapter 3
Supplemen o Chaper 3 I. Measuring Real GD and Inflaion If here were only one good in he world, anchovies, hen daa and prices would deermine real oupu and inflaion perfecly: GD Q ; GD Q. + + + Then, he
More informationProcess of convergence dr Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz. Lecture 4 and 5 Solow growth model (a)
Process of convergence dr Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz ecure 4 and 5 Solow growh model a Solow growh model Rober Solow "A Conribuion o he Theory of Economic Growh." Quarerly Journal of Economics 70 February
More informationECONOMIC GROWTH. Student Assessment. Macroeconomics II. Class 1
Suden Assessmen You will be graded on he basis of In-class aciviies (quizzes worh 30 poins) which can be replaced wih he number of marks from he regular uorial IF i is >=30 (capped a 30, i.e. marks from
More informationAdequacy of Resources in Retirement
Adequacy of Resources in Reiremen Michael D. Hurd RAND and NBER and Susann Rohwedder RAND Prepared for he 1 h Annual Join Conference of he Reiremen Research Consorium Deerminans of Reiremen Securiy Augus
More informationMarket and Information Economics
Marke and Informaion Economics Preliminary Examinaion Deparmen of Agriculural Economics Texas A&M Universiy May 2015 Insrucions: This examinaion consiss of six quesions. You mus answer he firs quesion
More informationEmpirical analysis on China money multiplier
Aug. 2009, Volume 8, No.8 (Serial No.74) Chinese Business Review, ISSN 1537-1506, USA Empirical analysis on China money muliplier SHANG Hua-juan (Financial School, Shanghai Universiy of Finance and Economics,
More informationThe Economic Impact of the Proposed Gasoline Tax Cut In Connecticut
The Economic Impac of he Proposed Gasoline Tax Cu In Connecicu By Hemana Shresha, Research Assisan Bobur Alimov, Research Assisan Sanley McMillen, Manager, Research Projecs June 21, 2000 CONNECTICUT CENTER
More informationSession 4.2: Price and Volume Measures
Session 4.2: Price and Volume Measures Regional Course on Inegraed Economic Saisics o Suppor 28 SNA Implemenaion Leonidas Akriidis Office for Naional Saisics Unied Kingdom Conen 1. Inroducion 2. Price
More informationSupplement to Models for Quantifying Risk, 5 th Edition Cunningham, Herzog, and London
Supplemen o Models for Quanifying Risk, 5 h Ediion Cunningham, Herzog, and London We have received inpu ha our ex is no always clear abou he disincion beween a full gross premium and an expense augmened
More informationMacroeconomics II A dynamic approach to short run economic fluctuations. The DAD/DAS model.
Macroeconomics II A dynamic approach o shor run economic flucuaions. The DAD/DAS model. Par 2. The demand side of he model he dynamic aggregae demand (DAD) Inflaion and dynamics in he shor run So far,
More informationAggregate Demand Aggregate Supply 1 Y. f P
ublic Aairs 974 Menzie D. Chinn Fall 202 Social Sciences 748 Universiy o Wisconsin-Madison Aggregae Demand Aggregae Supply. The Basic Model wih Expeced Inlaion Se o Zero Consider he hillips curve relaionship:
More informationFiscal policy & public debt.
Fiscal policy & public deb. Plan of oday s lecure Definiions Public deb dynamics Fiscal policy & aggregae demand a shor reminder. The size of he public secor in XX cenury. Kraj 93 920 937 960 970 980 990
More informationDescription of the CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrite Index (BXY SM )
Descripion of he CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrie Index (BXY SM ) Inroducion. The CBOE S&P 500 2% OTM BuyWrie Index (BXY SM ) is a benchmark index designed o rack he performance of a hypoheical 2% ou-of-he-money
More informationPortfolio investments accounted for the largest outflow of SEK 77.5 billion in the financial account, which gave a net outflow of SEK billion.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS DATE: 27-11-27 PUBLISHER: Saisics Sweden Balance of Paymens and Financial Markes (BFM) Maria Falk +46 8 6 94 72, maria.falk@scb.se Camilla Bergeling +46 8 6 942 6, camilla.bergeling@scb.se
More information12. Exponential growth simulation.
1. Exponenial growh simulaion. Mos people hink of exponenial growh as being growh ha is very fas. However, exponenial growh has a precise meaning a populaion grows exponenially when is growh rae is proporional
More informationAid, Policies, and Growth
Aid, Policies, and Growh By Craig Burnside and David Dollar APPENDIX ON THE NEOCLASSICAL MODEL Here we use a simple neoclassical growh model o moivae he form of our empirical growh equaion. Our inenion
More informationThe Mathematics Of Stock Option Valuation - Part Four Deriving The Black-Scholes Model Via Partial Differential Equations
The Mahemaics Of Sock Opion Valuaion - Par Four Deriving The Black-Scholes Model Via Parial Differenial Equaions Gary Schurman, MBE, CFA Ocober 1 In Par One we explained why valuing a call opion as a sand-alone
More informationLecture: Autonomous Financing and Financing Based on Market Values I
Lecure: Auonomous Financing and Financing Based on Marke Values I Luz Kruschwiz & Andreas Löffler Discouned Cash Flow, Secion 2.3, 2.4.1 2.4.3, Ouline 2.3 Auonomous financing 2.4 Financing based on marke
More informationExponential Functions Last update: February 2008
Eponenial Funcions Las updae: February 2008 Secion 1: Percen Growh and Decay Any quaniy ha increases or decreases by a consan percenage is said o change eponenially. Le's look a a few eamples o undersand
More informationINSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES OF INDIA
INSIUE OF ACUARIES OF INDIA EAMINAIONS 23 rd May 2011 Subjec S6 Finance and Invesmen B ime allowed: hree hours (9.45* 13.00 Hrs) oal Marks: 100 INSRUCIONS O HE CANDIDAES 1. Please read he insrucions on
More informationEconomics 301 Fall Name. Answer all questions. Each sub-question is worth 7 points (except 4d).
Name Answer all quesions. Each sub-quesion is worh 7 poins (excep 4d). 1. (42 ps) The informaion below describes he curren sae of a growing closed economy. Producion funcion: α 1 Y = K ( Q N ) α Producion
More informationEcon 546 Lecture 4. The Basic New Keynesian Model Michael Devereux January 2011
Econ 546 Lecure 4 The Basic New Keynesian Model Michael Devereux January 20 Road map for his lecure We are evenually going o ge 3 equaions, fully describing he NK model The firs wo are jus he same as before:
More informationThe macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in Greece
The macroeconomic effecs of fiscal policy in Greece Dimiris Papageorgiou Economic Research Deparmen, Bank of Greece Naional and Kapodisrian Universiy of Ahens May 22, 23 Email: dpapag@aueb.gr, and DPapageorgiou@bankofgreece.gr.
More informationThe Global Impact of Demographic Change
WP/6/9 The Global Impac of Demographic Change Nicolea Baini, Tim Callen, and Warwick McKibbin 26 Inernaional Moneary Fund WP/6/9 IMF Working Paper Research Deparmen The Global Impac of Demographic Change
More informationChapter Outline CHAPTER
8-0 8-1 Chaper Ouline CHAPTER 8 Sraegy and Analysis in Using Ne Presen Value 8.1 Decision Trees 8.2 Sensiiviy Analysis, Scenario Analysis, and Break-Even Analysis 8.3 Mone Carlo Simulaion 8. Opions 8.5
More informationOFFICIAL INFORMATION OF THE CZECH NATIONAL BANK of 24 October 2017
OFFICIAL INFORMATION OF THE CZECH NATIONAL BANK of 24 Ocober 2017 regarding Aricles 23, 24 and 25 of Ac No. 6/1993 Coll., on he Czech Naional Bank, as amended, and regarding Decree No. 253/2013 Coll.,
More informationBackground paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report Youth and skills: Putting education to work.
2012/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/01 Background paper prepared for he Educaion for All Global Monioring Repor 2012 Youh and skills: Puing educaion o work GDP Projecions Eric A. Hanushek & Ludger Woessmann 2012 This paper
More informationA Method for Estimating the Change in Terminal Value Required to Increase IRR
A Mehod for Esimaing he Change in Terminal Value Required o Increase IRR Ausin M. Long, III, MPA, CPA, JD * Alignmen Capial Group 11940 Jollyville Road Suie 330-N Ausin, TX 78759 512-506-8299 (Phone) 512-996-0970
More informationVolatility and Hedging Errors
Volailiy and Hedging Errors Jim Gaheral Sepember, 5 1999 Background Derivaive porfolio bookrunners ofen complain ha hedging a marke-implied volailiies is sub-opimal relaive o hedging a heir bes guess of
More informationSuggested Template for Rolling Schemes for inclusion in the future price regulation of Dublin Airport
Suggesed Templae for Rolling Schemes for inclusion in he fuure price regulaion of Dublin Airpor. In line wih sandard inernaional regulaory pracice, he regime operaed since 00 by he Commission fixes in
More informationReconciling Gross Output TFP Growth with Value Added TFP Growth
Reconciling Gross Oupu TP Growh wih Value Added TP Growh Erwin Diewer Universiy of Briish Columbia and Universiy of New Souh Wales ABSTRACT This aricle obains relaively simple exac expressions ha relae
More informationTechnological progress breakthrough inventions. Dr hab. Joanna Siwińska-Gorzelak
Technological progress breakhrough invenions Dr hab. Joanna Siwińska-Gorzelak Inroducion Afer The Economis : Solow has shown, ha accumulaion of capial alone canno yield lasing progress. Wha can? Anyhing
More informationGDP: Production and Income Data published since 1947
GDP: Producion and Income Daa published since 1947 GDP is he marke value of all final goods and services produced wihin a counry in a given period of ime. GDP is he sum of value added in he economy during
More informationResearch Division Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Working Paper Series
Research Division Federal Reserve Bank of S. Louis Working Paper Series Can Rising Housing Prices Explain China s High Household Saving Rae? Xin Wang and Yi Wen Working Paper 2-48A hp://research.slouisfed.org/wp/2/2-48.pdf
More informationSolve each equation Solve each equation. lne 38. Solve each equation.
WS- Eponen/Log Review Day This should be done WITHOUT using your calculaor. Solve each equaion.. Simplify... n y y9. 7 7. Change each equaion o logarihmic form. 7.. 9.. 0. 9 Change each equaion o eponenial
More information1. To express the production function in terms of output per worker and capital per worker, divide by N: K f N
THE LOG RU Exercise 8 The Solow Model Suppose an economy is characerized by he aggregae producion funcion / /, where is aggregae oupu, is capial and is employmen. Suppose furher ha aggregae saving is proporional
More informationLabour market participation rate in the euro area: performance and outlook, a long-term view
ECONOMIC BULLETIN 1/218 ANALYTICAL ARTICLES Labour marke paricipaion rae in he euro area: performance and oulook, a long-erm view Crisina Fernández and David Marínez Turégano 11 January 218 This aricle
More informationElton, Gruber, Brown, and Goetzmann. Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis, 7th Edition. Solutions to Text Problems: Chapter 21
Elon, Gruber, Brown, and Goezmann oluions o Tex Problems: Chaper Chaper : Problem We can use he cash lows bonds A and B o replicae he cash lows o bond C. Le YA be he racion o bond A purchased and YB be
More informationGovernment Expenditure Composition and Growth in Chile
Governmen Expendiure Composiion and Growh in Chile January 2007 Carlos J. García Cenral Bank of Chile Saniago Herrera World Bank Jorge E. Resrepo Cenral Bank of Chile Organizaion of he presenaion:. Inroducion
More informationDescription of the CBOE Russell 2000 BuyWrite Index (BXR SM )
Descripion of he CBOE Russell 2000 BuyWrie Index (BXR SM ) Inroducion. The CBOE Russell 2000 BuyWrie Index (BXR SM ) is a benchmark index designed o rack he performance of a hypoheical a-he-money buy-wrie
More informationINSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES OF INDIA
INSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES OF INDIA EXAMINATIONS 05 h November 007 Subjec CT8 Financial Economics Time allowed: Three Hours (14.30 17.30 Hrs) Toal Marks: 100 INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES 1) Do no wrie your
More informationBehavioral Effects of Social Security Policies on Benefit Claiming, Retirement and Saving
Behavioral Effecs of Social Securiy Policies on Benefi Claiming, Reiremen and Saving Alan L. Gusman Darmouh College and Thomas L. Seinmeier Texas Tech Universiy Presened a he 14 h Annual Join Conference
More informationFinance Solutions to Problem Set #6: Demand Estimation and Forecasting
Finance 30210 Soluions o Problem Se #6: Demand Esimaion and Forecasing 1) Consider he following regression for Ice Cream sales (in housands) as a funcion of price in dollars per pin. My daa is aken from
More informationSTATIONERY REQUIREMENTS SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 20 Page booklet List of statistical formulae New Cambridge Elementary Statistical Tables
ECONOMICS RIPOS Par I Friday 7 June 005 9 Paper Quaniaive Mehods in Economics his exam comprises four secions. Secions A and B are on Mahemaics; Secions C and D are on Saisics. You should do he appropriae
More informationData Mining Anomaly Detection. Lecture Notes for Chapter 10. Introduction to Data Mining
Daa Mining Anomaly Deecion Lecure Noes for Chaper 10 Inroducion o Daa Mining by Tan, Seinbach, Kumar Tan,Seinbach, Kumar Inroducion o Daa Mining 4/18/2004 1 Anomaly/Oulier Deecion Wha are anomalies/ouliers?
More informationData Mining Anomaly Detection. Lecture Notes for Chapter 10. Introduction to Data Mining
Daa Mining Anomaly Deecion Lecure Noes for Chaper 10 Inroducion o Daa Mining by Tan, Seinbach, Kumar Tan,Seinbach, Kumar Inroducion o Daa Mining 4/18/2004 1 Anomaly/Oulier Deecion Wha are anomalies/ouliers?
More information2001 CSO Building ALB & Gender Blended Tables
Appendix J-2 2001 CSO Building ALB & Gender Blended Tables 1. Naming Convenion. The following mehod is used o idenify he 84 specific ables wihin his memo. a. Templae. 2001 CSO (Sex) Smoking Type Basis.
More informationDEBT INSTRUMENTS AND MARKETS
DEBT INSTRUMENTS AND MARKETS Zeroes and Coupon Bonds Zeroes and Coupon Bonds Ouline and Suggesed Reading Ouline Zero-coupon bonds Coupon bonds Bond replicaion No-arbirage price relaionships Zero raes Buzzwords
More informationOPTIMUM FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY USING THE MONETARY OVERLAPPING GENERATION MODELS
Kuwai Chaper of Arabian Journal of Business and Managemen Review Vol. 3, No.6; Feb. 2014 OPTIMUM FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY USING THE MONETARY OVERLAPPING GENERATION MODELS Ayoub Faramarzi 1, Dr.Rahim
More informationECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF AN AGING POPULATION: THE CASE OF FIVE ASIAN ECONOMIES
ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.117 ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF AN AGING POPULATION: THE CASE OF FIVE ASIAN ECONOMIES by Manabu SHIMASAWA and Hideoshi HOSOYAMA Sepember 2004 Economic and Social Research Insiue
More informationPopulation growth and intra-specific competition in duckweed
Populaion growh and inra-specific compeiion in duckweed We will use a species of floaing aquaic plan o invesigae principles of populaion growh and inra-specific compeiion, in oher words densiy-dependence.
More informationChapter 3. Time Value of Money
Chaper 3 Time Value of Money A bird in he hand is worh wo in he bush A folklore saying Learning Oucomes Upon compleion of his chaper, you will be able: 1. To evaluae he significance of he ime value of
More informationINSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES OF INDIA
INSTITUTE OF ACTUARIES OF INDIA EXAMINATIONS 9 h November 2010 Subjec CT6 Saisical Mehods Time allowed: Three Hours (10.00 13.00 Hrs.) Toal Marks: 100 INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES 1. Please read he insrucions
More informationEvaluating Projects under Uncertainty
Evaluaing Projecs under Uncerainy March 17, 4 1 Projec risk = possible variaion in cash flows 2 1 Commonly used measure of projec risk is he variabiliy of he reurn 3 Mehods of dealing wih uncerainy in
More information(a) Assume that the entrepreneur is willing to undertake the project, and analyze the problem from the point of view of the outside investor.
Problem Se # Soluions Course 4.454 Macro IV TA: Todd Gormley, gormley@mi.edu Disribued: November 9, 004 Due: Tuesday, November 3, 004 [in class]. Financial Consrains (via Cosly Sae Verificaion) Consider
More informationCENTRO DE ESTUDIOS MONETARIOS Y FINANCIEROS T. J. KEHOE MACROECONOMICS I WINTER 2011 PROBLEM SET #6
CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS MONETARIOS Y FINANCIEROS T J KEHOE MACROECONOMICS I WINTER PROBLEM SET #6 This quesion requires you o apply he Hodrick-Presco filer o he ime series for macroeconomic variables for he
More informationResearch Background Paper
Research Background Paper Measuring Savings Mark Schreiner Research Background Paper 01-4 Sepember 2001 Cener for Social Developmen Measuring Savings Mark Schreiner schreiner@gwbmail.wusl.edu CYSAPD 01-4
More informationAdvanced Forecasting Techniques and Models: Time-Series Forecasts
Advanced Forecasing Techniques and Models: Time-Series Forecass Shor Examples Series using Risk Simulaor For more informaion please visi: www.realopionsvaluaion.com or conac us a: admin@realopionsvaluaion.com
More informationThe 1995 labor force : BLS' latest projections
The 1995 labor force : BLS' laes projecions A hird look shows ha he 1995 labor force will have abou 129 million persons, 2 million fewer han projeced earlier; he proporion of blacks will increase, bu women
More informationMACROECONOMICS I UPF
MACROECONOMICS I UPF 2007-2008 LECTURE SLIDES SET 2 Professor Anonio Ciccone UPF Macroeconomics I, 2007-08 Slide SET 2 Slide 1 5. SAVINGS, INVESTMENT AND THE CREDIT MARKET EQUILIBRIUM OR FROM THE RENTAL
More informationThe impact of demography on financing social expenditure. Motohiro Sato Hitotsubashi Univesity
The impac of demography on financing social expendiure Moohiro Sao Hiosubashi Univesiy 1 Increase in he social insurance expendiure Japan is aging! Social insurance benefi In Japan Aging will increase
More informationPricing Vulnerable American Options. April 16, Peter Klein. and. Jun (James) Yang. Simon Fraser University. Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6.
Pricing ulnerable American Opions April 16, 2007 Peer Klein and Jun (James) Yang imon Fraser Universiy Burnaby, B.C. 5A 16 pklein@sfu.ca (604) 268-7922 Pricing ulnerable American Opions Absrac We exend
More information