ACTUARIAL. 123 Solvency Test 124 Analysis of Financial Experience 124 Schedule of Funding Progress

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1 CalSTRS administers retirement, disability and survivor benefits for California s 914,454 public school educators (from pre-kindergarten through community college) and their beneficiaries. Defined Benefit Program 110 Actuary s Certification Letter 113 Summary of Actuarial Assumptions and Methods 114 Actuarial Assumptions 114 Actuarial Methods 116 Independent Actuarial Review 116 Summary of Defined Benefit Program Provisions 119 Changes in Defined Benefit Program Provisions 122 Schedule of Active Member Valuation Data 123 Schedule of Retired Members and Beneficiaries Added to and Removed from Rolls 123 Solvency Test 124 Analysis of Financial Experience 124 Schedule of Funding Progress Defined Benefit Supplement Program 125 Actuary s Certification Letter 127 Summary of Actuarial Assumptions and Methods 127 Actuarial Assumptions 128 Independent Actuarial Review 128 Summary of Defined Benefit Supplement Program Provisions 129 Changes in Defined Benefit Supplement Program Provisions 132 Schedule of Active Member Valuation Data 133 Schedule of Retired Members and Beneficiaries Added to and Removed from Annuity Rolls 133 Solvency Test 134 Analysis of Financial Experience 134 Schedule of Funding Progress 108 CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

2 (CONTINUED) Cash Balance Benefit Program 135 Actuary s Certification Letter 137 Summary of Actuarial Assumptions and Methods 138 Actuarial Assumptions 138 Independent Actuarial Review 138 Summary of Cash Balance Benefit Program Provisions 139 Changes in Cash Balance Benefit Program Provisions 142 Schedule of Active Participant Valuation Data 143 Schedule of Retired Participants and Beneficiaries Added to and Removed from Annuity Rolls 143 Solvency Test 144 Analysis of Financial Experience 144 Schedule of Funding Progress Medicare Premium Payment Program 145 Actuary s Certification Letter 147 Summary of Actuarial Assumptions and Methods 147 Actuarial Methods 147 Independent Actuarial Review 147 Summary of Medicare Premium Payment Program Provisions 148 Changes in the Medicare Premium Payment Program Provisions 152 Schedule of Medicare Part A Enrollment Rates 152 Schedule of Retired Members Added to and Removed from Medicare Part A Premium Rolls 153 Solvency Test 153 Analysis of Financial Experience 109

3 VALUATION OF THE DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM 1301 Fifth Avenue Suite 3800 Seattle, WA USA November 8, 2016 Tel Fax milliman.com Teachers Retirement Board California State Teachers Retirement System Re: Valuation of the Defined Benefit Program Dear Members of the Board: The basic financial goal of the Defined Benefit Program of the California State Teachers' Retirement System (CalSTRS) is to establish contributions which fully fund the obligations and which, as a percent of payroll, remain level for each generation of active members. Annual actuarial valuations measure the progress toward this goal, as well as test the adequacy of the contribution rates. CalSTRS measures its funding status as the Funded Ratio of the actuarial value of valuation assets over the actuarial accrued liabilities. The funding status based on the past three actuarial valuations is shown below: Valuation Date Funded Ratio June 30, % June 30, % June 30, % Based on the June 30, 2015 actuarial valuation, the scheduled income from member, employer, and State contributions is projected to finance the DB Program on an actuarially sound basis. CalSTRS is projected to reach a 100% Funded Ratio in The June 30, 2015 valuation results are based on the membership data and the asset information provided by CalSTRS. In our examination of these data, we have found them to be reasonably consistent and comparable with data used for other purposes, although we have not audited the data at the source. Since the valuation results are dependent on the integrity of the data supplied, the results can be expected to differ if the underlying data is incomplete or missing. It should be noted that if any data or other information is found to be materially inaccurate or incomplete, our calculations will need to be revised. Milliman did not prepare the summaries or schedules shown in the Financial and Actuarial Sections. However, the actuarial information contained in the Financial Section and in this Actuarial Section was derived from our June 30, 2015 actuarial valuation report for funding and our September 22, 2016 GASB 67/68 report which communicated the actuarial results for financial reporting for June 30, The actuarial computations presented in the valuation report are for purposes of determining the recommended funding amounts for CalSTRS consistent with our understanding of their funding requirements and goals. The liabilities are determined by using the entry age normal funding method. The actuarial assets are determined by using a one-third smoothed recognition method of the difference between the actual market value to the expected actuarial value. 110 CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

4 VALUATION OF THE DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Teachers' Retirement Board November 8, 2016 Page 2 The valuation is based on our understanding of the current benefit provisions of the DB Program and the actuarial assumptions adopted by the Board. The assumptions are reviewed annually for reasonableness, with a detailed experience analysis completed every four or five years. The last detailed experience analysis was completed in February of 2012 when the Board adopted the current assumptions. The assumptions will be reviewed in detail again for use in the June 30, 2016 funding valuation and the GASB 67/68 valuation for reporting date June 30, The assumptions and methods used for financial reporting under GASB 67/68 are the same as the funding valuation assumptions with the following exceptions: 1. The discount rate of 7.60% is gross of administrative expenses; and 2. The market value of assets is used for the Fiduciary Net Position. For financial reporting purposes, all programs within the State Teachers Retirement Plan are reported in aggregate. We believe the actuarial assumptions and methods are internally consistent, reasonable and meet the parameters of Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement Numbers 67, 68 and 82 for fulfilling financial reporting requirements and meet the parameters set forth in the relevant Actuarial Standards of Practice (ASOPs). Nevertheless, the emerging costs will vary from those presented in our report to the extent that actual experience differs from that projected by the actuarial assumptions. Future actuarial measurements may differ significantly from the current measurements as presented in the valuation report due to many factors. Due to the limited scope of our assignment, we did not perform an analysis of the potential range of future measurements. Our valuation report and this letter have been prepared exclusively for CalSTRS for a specific and limited purpose. Milliman does not intend to benefit and assumes no duty or liability to other parties who receive this work. It is a complex, technical analysis that assumes a high level of knowledge concerning CalSTRS operations, and uses CalSTRS data, which Milliman has not audited. No third party recipient of Milliman s work product should rely upon Milliman s work product. Such recipients should engage qualified professionals for advice appropriate to their own specific needs. The consultants who worked on these assignments are pension actuaries. Milliman s advice is not intended to be a substitute for qualified legal or accounting counsel. The signing actuaries are independent of the plan sponsor. We are not aware of any relationship that would impair the objectivity of our work. We certify that the June 30, 2015 valuation was performed in accordance with the Actuarial Standards Board (ASB) standards of practice and by qualified actuaries. We are members of the American Academy of Actuaries and have experience in performing valuations for public retirement systems. Respectfully submitted, Mark C. Olleman, FSA, EA, MAAA Principal and Consulting Actuary Nick J. Collier, ASA, EA, MAAA Principal and Consulting Actuary 111

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6 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Summary of Actuarial Assumptions and Methods CalSTRS, through its consulting actuary, performs an experience study every four years to determine appropriate demographic and economic assumptions. These assumptions are then applied when the consulting actuary performs an actuarial valuation to monitor the funding status of the Defined Benefit (DB) Program. The most recent experience study for was completed as of June 30, The most recent actuarial valuation was completed as of June 30, 2015, and adopted by the Teachers Retirement Board on April 7, The following summary and tables were prepared by CalSTRS staff. All of the assumptions used in the June 30, 2015 actuarial valuation were based on the 2010 Actuarial Experience Analysis adopted by the board in February 2012.* The following is a summary of the assumptions and methods adopted by the board for funding this program: Investment return rate and discount rate is 7.50 percent, net of investment and administrative expenses. Method used to value program assets for actuarial valuation purposes: expected actuarial value adjusted for one-third of the difference between actual market value and expected actuarial value. Assumption for general wage increase is 3.75 percent, of which 3.00 percent is due to inflation, and 0.75 percent is due to expected gains in productivity. The actuarial cost method used by the program is the entry age normal actuarial cost method, with the actuarial gains/losses and the unfunded actuarial obligation amortized over a closed period ending June 30, The extent to which benefits are expected to increase as a result of cost-of-living type adjustments is an annual 2 percent increase to the initial benefit beginning on September 1 following the first anniversary of the effective date of the benefit. Since 1972, this increase is applied to all eligible continuing benefits. Actuarial Cost Method For funding purposes, the entry age normal cost method was selected for the DB Program since it is the most common cost method among public sector pension plans. The advantage to using this method is that the cost over time tends to remain fairly level as a percentage of overall payroll. This is well-suited to most public systems, which tend to contribute as a percentage of pay and which benefit from a stable contribution rate for budgeting and planning purposes. Financial Reporting Under GASB 67, financial reporting for the State Teachers' Retirement Plan (STRP) includes the DB, Defined Benefit Supplement (DBS), Cash Balance Benefit (CBB), Supplemental Benefit Maintenance Account (SBMA) and Teachers' Replacement Benefits programs. Actuarial method and assumptions for GASB 67 financial reporting The discount rate is 7.60 percent, net of investment expenses but gross of administrative expenses. The actuarial cost method is the entry age normal cost method. General wage increase is 3.75 percent, of which 3.00 percent is due to inflation. Postretirement benefit increases of 2.00 percent simple for DB Program and 85 percent purchasing power level for SBMA program. Not applicable for CBB and DBS programs. As required by GASB 67, the discount rate used for financial reporting of 7.60 percent is net of investment expenses but gross of administrative expenses. The 7.50 percent investment return rate used for funding and administrative purposes is net of investment and administrative expenses. The 2011 CalSTRS mortality tables were used in both financial funding and administrative calculations. Table 7 provides more details of the mortality assumptions. For the valuation used for funding and administrative purposes, the DB Program actuarial value of assets ("smoothed value") *Note: These assumptions are currently being reviewed. The results of this review will be presented to the CalSTRS board in February If changes are adopted, they would be reflected in the June 30, 2017 Financial Report. 113

7 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM is used in the determination of the Unfunded Actuarial Obligation. For financial reporting, the aggregate assets for all programs in the State Teachers' Retirement Plan on a market basis are used in the determination of the Net Pension Liability. Discussion of recent changes: The nature of the program Since the last experience study as of June 30, 2010, program amendments have been made that have affected the June 30, 2015, actuarial valuation. Changes to the plan: Effective January 1, 2013, Chapter 296, Statutes of 2012 (AB 340-Furutani) was enacted in The law known as the California Public Employees' Pension Reform Act (PEPRA) of 2013, reduces retirement benefits for educators who became members after Specifically, for new members some of the key provisions of the law are: 1) the benefit factors at all ages less than age 65 are reduced; 2) final compensation is based on a 36-month period; 3) the definition of creditable compensation is restricted; and 4) compensation for benefit purposes is limited to no more than 120 percent of the Social Security taxable wage base adjusted annually based on the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers: U.S. City Average. Additional changes that do not directly affect the calculated retirement benefits apply to all members. Funding: The board had no authority to set contribution rates and had to rely upon remedy from the Legislature and the Governor, who enacted a responsible funding plan in AB 1469, enacted in Chapter 47, Statutes of 2014, is projected to significantly fund the DB Program by June 30, 2046, through shared contribution increases among CalSTRS members, employers and the State of California. Member contributions of eight percent (pre-ab 1469 rate) will increase by an additional 2.25 percent of payroll for CalSTRS 2% at 60 members and an additional percent for CalSTRS 2% at 62 members by fiscal year Employer contributions will increase to a total of 19.1 percent by fiscal year State contributions will increase to a total of percent by fiscal year AB 1469 grants the board limited rate setting authority to adjust up or down the state and employer contribution rates Actuarial Assumptions The actuarial valuation utilizes various methods and two different types of assumptions: economic and demographic. Economic assumptions are related to the general economy and its impact on CalSTRS or to the operation of the membership. Demographic assumptions predict the future experience of the membership with respect to eligibility and benefits and are directly related to the specific experience of CalSTRS members. Economic assumptions: The two major economic assumptions are investment return and wage growth, and each is affected by the underlying assumed rate of inflation. Table 6 provides economic actuarial assumptions for this program as reflected in the most recent actuarial valuation as of June 30, Demographic assumptions: Tables 1 5 and 7 9 provide demographic assumption information for this program as reflected in the most recent actuarial valuation as of June 30, Actuarial Methods The asset smoothing method projects an Expected Value of Assets using the assumed rate of investment return, then one-third of the difference between the Expected Value and the Market Value is recognized in the Actuarial Value of Assets. There were no revisions to either the Actuarial Cost Method or the Asset Valuation Method for this actuarial valuation. Valuation Results CalSTRS contracts for many actuarial services. The current contractor, Milliman, has been the program s actuary since January 15, Tables provide summaries of the valuation results. The data displayed in Table 10 is as of June 30 of the specified year. Other information, specifically annual payroll amounts, reported in the Financial Section of this report will generally not be consistent with this data. The reason for this is that the financial data reflects payroll for all individuals who were active during the year, while Table CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

8 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM only includes those individuals who are active as of June 30. It does not include those individuals who were active at some point during the year but not as of June 30. Amounts provided in Table 11 represent the status of the population as of June 30 of the indicated year. The information provided in The Removed From Rolls and Rolls End of Year columns include the application of the annual postretirement 2 percent not-compounded cost-ofliving adjustment. The data provided for each year-end in Table 11 is a snapshot of the population taken following year-end closing for the indicated period. It is likely adjustments will be made subsequent to this closing. No attempt is made to update the data in Table 11 for these adjustments. The following significant plan changes have taken place during the time depicted in Table 12. These program amendments include: Effective January 1, 2008 Allowed members applying for disability benefits, who were eligible to retire for service, to submit a new Service Retirement During Evaluation of Disability Application and receive a service retirement allowance pending determination of their disability claim. Effective September 30, 2008 Increased the SBMA purchasing power benefit from 80 percent to 85 percent of the benefit s original value, subject to regulations promulgated by the board. Effective January 1, 2009 Funding: Effective with fiscal year through fiscal year , payment of previously withheld contributions and interest of $56,979,949 will be made each fiscal year to the SBMA Program. Effective July 1, 2010 Reduced members retirement benefit by the amount earned in CalSTRS-covered employment for six calendar months immediately following their retirement effective date or until their 60th birthday, whichever is sooner. Effective July 17, 2012 Changed the postretirement earnings limit to be one half of the median final compensation of all members who retired for service during the fiscal year ending in the previous calendar year. Effective January 1, 2013 For CalSTRS members first hired on or after January 1, 2013 Placed a cap equal to 120 percent of the 2013 Social Security wage base on compensation earnable adjusted each fiscal year based on the changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: U.S. City Average. Changed the normal retirement age from 60 to 62 with a 2 percent age factor. Changed the maximum age factor from 2.4 percent at age 63 to 2.4 percent at age 65. Changed the age factor for early retirement at age 55 from 1.4 percent to 1.16 percent. Eliminated the ability of newly hired members to retire as early as age 50 with 30 years of service. Eliminated the career factor. Final compensation to be based on 36 month period. Effective July 1, 2014 Increased contribution rates for members, employer, and the state to fully fund the DB Program by June 30, The most recent actuarial valuation of the system as of June 30, 2015, determined there is an unfunded actuarial obligation for this program. The prior actuarial valuation as of June 30, 2014, also indicated there was an unfunded actuarial obligation. With one exception, actuarial valuations have been performed every year since June 30, 1997, to analyze the sufficiency of the statutory contributions to meet the current and future obligations of the program. By using the actuarial methods and assumptions adopted by the board, the actuarial valuation provides the best estimate of the program s long-term financing. Comparing the unfunded actuarial obligation as of two valuation dates does not provide enough information to determine if there were actuarial gains or losses. The correct comparison is between the unfunded actuarial 115

9 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM obligation on the valuation date and the expected unfunded actuarial obligation projected from the prior valuation date using the actuarial assumptions in effect for the period of comparison. Actuarial gains reduce the unfunded actuarial obligation as of the valuation date, and actuarial losses increase the unfunded actuarial obligation. Most actuarial gains and losses are a result of short-term fluctuations in experience or changes in actuarial assumptions. Because of the long-term nature of actuarial assumptions, future patterns of emerging experience may offset these short-term fluctuations. Independent Actuarial Review Actuarial services for CalSTRS are provided under contract by a qualified independent actuarial firm, with additional review provided by the actuarial staff. Through the competitive bid process, the work of a prior actuary will be verified in a subsequent actuarial valuation performed by a new contract actuary. Should the same actuarial firm continue for a period of 10 years, provision is made for an independent review of that firm s work through an actuarial audit completed by another firm. These audit services are acquired using the competitive bid process. An audit of the 2007 Actuarial Experience Analysis of the DB Program was performed by the firm, The Segal Company. The result of the audit was reported to the board on September 8, An audit of the 2008 Actuarial Valuation of the DB Program was performed by the firm Cheiron. The result of the audit was reported to the board on February 11, The current actuarial consultant was retained on January 15, 2000 and in 2006, 2012 and 2016 as a result of the competitive bid process. Summary of Defined Benefit Program Provisions The following summary and tables were prepared by CalSTRS staff. All information was considered in the June 30, 2015, actuarial valuation. Normal Retirement Eligibility Requirement CalSTRS 2% at 60 Members: Age 60 with five years of credited service. CalSTRS 2% at 62 Members: Age 62 with five years of credited service. Benefit 2 percent of final compensation for each year of credited service. Benefit Factors Credited Service For each year of membership, credited service is granted based on the ratio of salary earned to compensation earnable. No more than one full year of service credit is allowed during any school year; however, the contributions for any service in excess of one year are deposited to the member and employer contribution accounts within the DBS Program. Contributions received for DBS compensation that are attributable to increases under AB 1469 will be returned to school district employers. School district employers should return excess member contributions to their employees, and the returned pre-tax contributions will be considered taxable income in the year they are received by the employee. Final Compensation CalSTRS 2% at 60 Members: Highest average annual compensation earnable for 36 consecutive months of credited service. For members with 25 years of service, the calculation is based on the highest average annual compensation earnable for 12 consecutive months. CalSTRS 2% at 62 Members: Final compensation is based on the highest average annual compensation earnable for 116 CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

10 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM 36 consecutive months. Compensation is limited to 120 percent of the Social Security wage base in effect January 1, 2013, adjusted each fiscal year based on the changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: U.S. City Average. Sick Leave Service Credit Credited service is granted for unused sick leave at the time of retirement. Up to 0.2 years of credited service for sick leave may be used for eligibility for one-year final compensation or to attain the career factor or the longevity bonus for eligible members. Career Factor If a CalSTRS 2% at 60 member has 30 years of credited service, the age factor is increased by 0.2 percent. However, the maximum age factor is 2.4 percent. The career factor does not apply to CalSTRS 2% at 62 members. Longevity Bonus For CalSTRS 2% at 60 members attaining 30 years of service by January 1, 2011, a longevity bonus of $200 per month is added to the Member-Only Benefit. The bonus is increased to $300 per month with 31 years of service and $400 per month with 32 or more years of service. The longevity bonus does not apply to CalSTRS 2% at 62 members. Postretirement Benefit Adjustment Benefit Improvement Factor Two percent simple increase on September 1 following the first anniversary of the effective date of the benefit, applied to all continuing benefits. IRC Section 401(a)(17) Compensation is limited under IRC section 401(a)(17) and assumed to increase at the rate of inflation. IRC Section 415(b) For CalSTRS 2% at 60 members, benefits are subject to limits imposed under section 415(b). However, no limits are imposed in the valuation of the DB Program in order to address the potential pay-as-you-go funding needs of the Teachers Replacement Benefits Program Fund. CalSTRS 2% at 62 members will not receive any benefits in excess of the federal limit. Early Retirement Eligibility Requirement CalSTRS 2% at 60 Members: Age 55 with five years of credited service, or age 50 with 30 years of credited service. CalSTRS 2% at 62 Members: Age 55 with five years of credited service. Benefit Reduction CalSTRS 2% at 60 Members: A 0.50 percent reduction in the normal retirement allowance for each full month or partial month the member is younger than age 60, plus a reduction of 0.25 percent for each full month or partial month the member is younger than age 55. CalSTRS 2% at 62 Members: A 0.50 percent reduction in the normal retirement allowance for each full month or partial month the member is younger than age 62. Late Retirement Benefit CalSTRS 2% at 60 Members: Members continue to earn additional service credit after age 60. The 2 percent age factor increases by percent for each quarter year of age that the member is over age 60, up to a maximum of 2.4 percent. CalSTRS 2% at 62 Members: Members continue to earn additional service credit after age 62. The 2 percent age factor increases by percent for each quarter year of age that the member is over age 62, up to a maximum of 2.4 percent. Deferred Retirement Benefit Any time after satisfying the minimum service requirement, a member may cease active service, leave the accumulated contributions on deposit, and later retire upon attaining the minimum age requirement. Disability Allowance Coverage A Eligibility Requirement Member has five years of credited California service and has not attained age 60, or if a member has earned one year of creditable service and is disabled due to an unlawful act of bodily harm committed by another person while performing creditable service. 117

11 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Benefit Fifty percent of final compensation. - or - Five percent of final compensation for each year of service credit if over age 45 with fewer than 10 years of service credit. Children s Benefit Ten percent for each eligible dependent child, up to a maximum of 40 percent of final compensation. The increment for each eligible child continues until the child marries or attains age 22. Offsets Benefit, including children s increment, is reduced by disability benefits payable under Social Security, workers compensation and employer-paid income protection plan. Disability Allowance Coverage B Eligibility Requirement Member has five years of credited California service, or if a member has earned one year of creditable service and is disabled due to an unlawful act of bodily harm committed by another person while performing creditable service. Benefit Fifty percent of final compensation, regardless of age and service credit. Children s Benefit Ten percent for each eligible child up to four children, for a maximum of 40 percent of final compensation. The increment for each child continues until the child attains age 21, regardless of student, marital or employment status. Offsets The member s benefit is reduced by disability benefits payable under workers compensation. Death Before Retirement Coverage A Eligibility Requirement One or more years of service credit for active members or members receiving a disability benefit. Lump-Sum Payment The one-time death benefit recipient receives a $6,163 lump-sum payment. Benefit The surviving spouse or registered domestic partner with eligible children will receive a family benefit of 40 percent of final compensation for as long as there is at least one eligible child. An additional 10 percent of final compensation is payable for each eligible child up to a maximum benefit of 90 percent. If there is no surviving spouse or registered domestic partner, a benefit of 10 percent of final compensation is payable to eligible children up to a maximum benefit of 50 percent. When there are no eligible children, the spouse or registered domestic partner may elect to receive one-half of a 50 percent joint and survivor benefit projected to age 60 or take a lump-sum payment of the remaining contributions and interest. Death Before Retirement Coverage B Eligibility One or more years of service credit for active members. Lump-Sum Payment The one-time death benefit recipient receives a $24,652 lump-sum payment. Benefit A lump-sum payment of the contributions and interest. - or - One-half of a 50 percent joint and survivor benefit, beginning on the member s 60th birthday or immediately with a reduction based on the member s age and that of the spouse or registered domestic partner at the time the benefit begins. If the surviving spouse or registered domestic partner elects a monthly benefit, or there is no surviving spouse, each eligible child would receive 10 percent of the member s final compensation, with a maximum benefit of 50 percent. Death After Retirement Lump-Sum Payment The one-time death benefit recipient receives a $6,163 lump-sum payment. Members of retirement age may make a preretirement election of an option to designate a beneficiary. Annuity Form If the retired member had elected one of the joint and survivor options, the retirement benefit would be reduced in accordance with the option elected. If no option had been elected, payment of the unpaid contributions and interest, if any, remaining in the member s account will be made to the beneficiary, if one is named, or to the deceased member s estate. 118 CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

12 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Termination From CalSTRS Refund Refund of the member s contributions with interest as credited to the member s account to date of withdrawal. A refund terminates membership and all rights to future benefits from the program. Changes in Defined Benefit Program Provisions See Discussion of recent changes on page 114. Re-entry After Refund Former members who re-enter the program may redeposit all amounts previously refunded plus regular interest. The member must earn one year of credited service after re-entry before becoming eligible for program benefits. Funding Member Contribution CalSTRS 2% at 60 Members: For fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, 9.20 percent of creditable compensation. CalSTRS 2% at 62 Members: Equal to one-half of the Normal Cost rate determined in the valuation rounded to the nearest quarter percent, plus a supplemental amount. Member rates only change when the Normal Cost rate changes by 1 percent of pay as compared to the initial Normal Cost rate (or at the time of the last adjustment). For fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the member contribution rate is equal to 8.56 percent of creditable compensation. Employer Contribution For fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, percent of the total creditable compensation on which member contributions are based. In addition, funding for the Teachers Health Benefits Fund and Teachers Replacement Benefits Fund is directed as needed from the employer contributions on a pay-as-you-go basis. - plus percent of the total creditable compensation on which members contributions are based to pay costs for unused sick leave service credit. State Contribution For fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the state pays percent of the total creditable compensation of the fiscal year ending in the immediately preceding calendar year upon which members contributions are based, calculated annually on October 1 and updated on or before the subsequent April 15 and paid in four equal quarterly payments. 119

13 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Table 1 Post Retirement Mortality for Sample Ages Table 2 Service Retirement for Sample Ages 1 Male Female Age % 0.073% All demographic assumptions used in the actuarial valuation were adopted by the board when the experience study was adopted on February 2, Age DB Program Benefits 1990 Benefits Under 30 years 30 or More Years Male % 2.7% 8.0% Female % 4.5% 9.0% Probabilities of retirement are adjusted for members with service between 25 and 30 years. Table 3 Probabilities of Withdrawal from Active Service Before Age and Service Retirement for Sample Duration in Years Table 4 Probabilities of Refund by Sample Duration in Years of Members and Sample Entry Ages Male Duration % Female % Entry Ages Duration Under Male Under 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Female Under 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

14 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Table 5 Assumption for Pay Increases Due to Promotions and Longevity for Sample Ages in Years (Exclusive of the assumed general wage increase, which includes inflation) Entry Ages Duration Under % 5.3% 5.1% 4.8% 4.8% 3.5% Table 6 Economic Assumptions Table 7 Mortality Assumptions Consumer Price Inflation 3.00% Investment Yield (Net of Expenses) 7.50 Wage Inflation 3.75 Interest on Member Accounts 4.50 Male Female Male Female Male Female Retired Members¹ 2011 CalSTRS Retired-M 2011 CalSTRS Retired-F Active Members 2011 CalSTRS Retired-M (-2 years) 2011 CalSTRS Retired-F (-2 years) Beneficiaries CalSTRS Beneficiary-M 2011 CalSTRS Beneficiary-F 1 Future retirees and beneficiaries are valued with a two-year age setback. Table 8 Termination from Disability Due to Death¹ Male Age <70 2% at age 40 and under, graded to 3.2% at age RP 2000 male white collar +7 projected to 2025 at age 70 smoothed to +1 age 85 (select rates in first three years, regardless of age) Female Age <70 1.5% at age 40 and less graded to 2.25% at age RP 2000 female white collar +6 projected to 2025 at age 70 smoothed to +2 at age 80 (select rates in first three years, regardless of age) ¹Future disabled members are valued with a two-year age setback. 121

15 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Table 9 Disability Rates for Sample Ages Coverage A Male % Female % Coverage B Male % Female % Table 10 Schedule of Active Member Valuation Data Date (as of June 30) Number of Participating Employers* Active Members Number Annual Payroll Annual Average Pay % Increase In Average Pay , ,365 $24,239,606,097 $53, % , ,693 25,905,691,360 56, , ,378 27,118,230,762 58, , ,009 27,327,386,616 59, , ,544 26,274,889,981 59, , ,600 25,576,008,636 59, , ,499 25,388,209,920 60, , ,643 25,479,056,693 61, , ,887 26,469,883,008 62, , ,460 28,013,191,853 65, *Account employers who submit the last contribution line for the active member in the target fiscal year. 122 CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

16 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Table 11 Schedule of Retired Members and Beneficiaries Added to and Removed From Rolls Date (as of June 30) Added to Rolls Removed from Rolls Rolls End of Year Number Annual Number Annual Number Annual % Increase in Allowances 1 Allowances 1 Allowances 1 Annual Allowances Average Annual Allowances , ,542 6, , ,641 7,078, % 32, , ,567 6, , ,968 7,711, % 34, , ,984 6, , ,969 8,340, % 36, , ,293 6, , ,796 9,171, % 37, , ,868 6, , ,041 9,802, % 38, , ,935 6, , ,039 10,458, % 39, , ,751 7, , ,429 11,091, % 41, , ,801 7, , ,627 11,624, % 42, , ,655 7, , ,100 12,197, % 43, , ,902 7, , ,195 12,792, % 44,387 1 Dollars in thousands. Table 12 Solvency Test Valuation Date (as of June 30) Aggregate Accrued Liabilities for (in Millions) (1) Active Member Contributions on Deposit (2) Future Benefits to Benefit Recipients (3) Service Already Rendered by Active Members (Financed by Employer) Actuarial Value of Assets Funding of Liabilities (1) (2) (3) 2006 $25,124 $68,774 $56,974 $131, % 100.0% 65.5% ,895 75,612 65, , ,881 81,984 68, , ,477 88,927 69, , ,105 99,135 70, , , ,984 71, , , ,475 71, , , ,714 72, , , ,235 76, , , ,451 81, ,

17 DEFINED BENEFIT PROGRAM Table 13 Analysis of Financial Experience (Gains and losses in unfunded actuarial obligation resulting from differences between assumed and actual experience) (Dollars in Millions) Actuarial Valuation as of June Actuarial Obligation at June 30 $231,213 $222,281 Normal Cost 5,155 4,897 Benefit Payments (12,039) (11,496) Expected Interest 17,088 16,428 Expected Actuarial Obligation at June , ,110 Expected Actuarial Value of Assets at June , ,183 Expected UAO at June 30 77,696 78,927 Actuarial (Gains) or Losses Change in Assumptions Investment Return Assumptions (1,659) (5,320) Demographic Assumptions 336 (897) Net Change Other Sources (173) 8 Total Actuarial (Gains) & Losses (1,496) (6,209) Unfunded Actuarial Obligation at June 30 76,200 72,718 Funded Ratio 69% 69% Table 14 Schedule of Funding Progress (Dollars in Millions) Actuarial Valuation Date as of June 30 Actuarial Value of Assets (a) Actuarial Accrued Liability (AAL) (b) Unfunded AAL (Funding Excess) (UAAL) (b-a) Funded Ratio (a/b) Covered Payroll (c) UAAL as a % of Covered Payroll ((b-a)/c) 2007 $148,427 $167,129 $18,702 89% $25,906 72% , ,734 22,519 87% 27,118 83% , ,683 40,541 78% 27, % , ,315 56,024 71% 26, % , ,405 64,475 69% 26, % , ,189 70,957 67% 26, % , ,281 73,667 67% 26, % , ,213 72,718 69% 26, % , ,753 76,200 69% 28, % 2016 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) ¹Actuarial valuation as of June 30, 2016, are expected to be available by April Note: Information of actuarially determined and actual contributions for the State Teachers' Retirement Plan is provided in the Financial Section, Schedule III, Contributions of Employer and Nonemployer Contributing Entity table. 124 CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

18 VALUATION OF THE DEFINED BENEFIT SUPPLEMENT PROGRAM 1301 Fifth Avenue Suite 3800 Seattle, WA USA November 8, 2016 Tel Fax milliman.com Teachers Retirement Board California State Teachers Retirement System Re: Valuation of the Defined Benefit Supplement Program Dear Members of the Board: The basic financial goal of the Defined Benefit Supplement (DBS) Program of the California State Teachers' Retirement System (CalSTRS) is to maintain sufficient resources to fully fund the obligations. Annual actuarial valuations measure the progress toward this goal, as well as test the adequacy of the contribution rates. CalSTRS measures its funding status as the Funded Ratio of the actuarial value of valuation assets over the actuarial accrued liabilities. The funding status based on the past three actuarial valuations is shown below: Valuation Date Funded Ratio June 30, % June 30, % June 30, % The actual return was less than the assumed return for the fiscal year ended in 2015 which, combined with other factors, caused a small decrease in the Funded Ratio. As of June 30, 2015, the Market Value of Assets for the DBS Program exceeds the Actuarial Obligation. Additional interest credits were granted based on the Program s funded level and are reflected in the Funded Ratio shown above. Prior to the additional credits, the Funded Ratio was 119%. The June 30, 2015 valuation results are based on the membership data and the asset information provided by CalSTRS. In our examination of these data, we have found them to be reasonably consistent and comparable with data used for other purposes, although we have not audited the data at the source. Since the valuation results are dependent on the integrity of the data supplied, the results can be expected to differ if the underlying data is incomplete or missing. It should be noted that if any data or other information is found to be materially inaccurate or incomplete, our calculations will need to be revised. Milliman did not prepare the summaries or schedules shown in the Financial and Actuarial Sections. However, the actuarial information contained in the Financial Section and in this Actuarial Section was derived from our June 30, 2015 actuarial valuation report for funding and our September 22, 2016 GASB 67/68 report which communicated the actuarial results for financial reporting for June 30, The actuarial computations presented in the valuation report are for purposes of determining the recommended funding amounts for CalSTRS consistent with our understanding of their funding requirements and goals. The liabilities are determined by using the traditional unit credit funding method. The actuarial assets are equal to fair market value. 125

19 VALUATION OF THE DEFINED BENEFIT SUPPLEMENT PROGRAM Teachers' Retirement Board November 8, 2016 Page 2 The funding valuation is based on our understanding of the current benefit provisions of the DBS Program and the actuarial assumptions adopted by the Board. The assumptions are reviewed annually for reasonableness, with a detailed experience analysis completed every four or five years. The last detailed experience analysis was completed in February of 2012 when the Board adopted the current assumptions. The assumptions will be reviewed in detail again for use in the June 30, 2016 funding valuation and the GASB 67/68 valuation for reporting date June 30, The assumptions and methods used for financial reporting under GASB 67/68 are the same as the funding valuation assumptions with the following exceptions: 1. The discount rate of 7.60% is gross of administrative expenses; and 2. The individual entry age normal cost method is used. For financial reporting purposes, all programs within the State Teachers Retirement Plan are reported in aggregate. We believe the actuarial assumptions and methods are internally consistent, reasonable and meet the parameters of Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement Numbers 67, 68 and 82 for fulfilling financial accounting requirements and meet the parameters set forth in the relevant Actuarial Standards of Practice (ASOPs). Nevertheless, the emerging costs will vary from those presented in our report to the extent that actual experience differs from that projected by the actuarial assumptions. Future actuarial measurements may differ significantly from the current measurements as presented in the valuation report due to many factors. Due to the limited scope of our assignment, we did not perform an analysis of the potential range of future measurements. Our valuation report and this letter have been prepared exclusively for CalSTRS for a specific and limited purpose. Milliman does not intend to benefit and assumes no duty or liability to other parties who receive this work. It is a complex, technical analysis that assumes a high level of knowledge concerning CalSTRS operations, and uses CalSTRS data, which Milliman has not audited. No third party recipient of Milliman s work product should rely upon Milliman s work product. Such recipients should engage qualified professionals for advice appropriate to their own specific needs. The consultants who worked on these assignments are pension actuaries. Milliman s advice is not intended to be a substitute for qualified legal or accounting counsel. The signing actuaries are independent of the plan sponsor. We are not aware of any relationship that would impair the objectivity of our work. We certify that the June 30, 2015 valuation was performed in accordance with the Actuarial Standards Board (ASB) standards of practice and by qualified actuaries. We are members of the American Academy of Actuaries and have experience in performing valuations for public retirement systems. Respectfully submitted, Mark C. Olleman, FSA, EA, MAAA Principal and Consulting Actuary Nick J. Collier, ASA, EA, MAAA Principal and Consulting Actuary 126 CALSTRS COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT 2016

20 DEFINED BENEFIT SUPPLEMENT PROGRAM Summary of Actuarial Assumptions and Methods CalSTRS, through its consulting actuary, performs an experience study at least every four years to determine appropriate demographic and economic assumptions. These assumptions are then applied every year when the consulting actuary performs an actuarial valuation to monitor the funding status of the Defined Benefit Supplement (DBS) Program. The most recent actuarial valuation was completed as of June 30, 2015, and adopted by the Teachers Retirement Board April 7, The following summary and tables were prepared by CalSTRS staff. All information is considered in the June 30, 2015, actuarial valuation. The DBS Program was established January 1, The DB Program and DBS Program share the same population, so it is reasonable to use most of the same assumptions for both programs. All of the assumptions used in the June 30, 2015 actuarial valuation were based on the 2010 Actuarial Experience Analysis adopted by the board in February 2012.* Following are the assumptions adopted by the board for this program: Investment return rate and discount rate is 7.50 percent, net of investment and administrative expenses. Method used to value plan assets for actuarial valuation purposes: Fair market value. Assumption for general wage increase is 3.75 percent, of which 3.00 percent is due to inflation, and 0.75 percent is due to expected gains in productivity. The actuarial cost method used by the program is the traditional unit credit cost method. The DBS Program does not provide cost-of-living adjustments for benefit recipients. Actuarial Cost Method For funding purposes, the traditional unit credit cost method was selected for the Defined Benefit Supplement Program since the projected benefits of each individual member are allocated by a consistent formula to valuation years. As a result, the actuarial obligation is equal to the accumulated account balances, and the normal cost is equal to the total annual contribution. Financial Reporting Under GASB 67 financial reporting, the State Teachers' Retirement Plan (STRP) includes the DB, DBS, CBB, SBMA and Teachers' Replacement Benefits Programs. Actuarial method and assumptions for GASB 67 financial reporting The discount rate is 7.60 percent, net of investment expenses but gross of administrative expenses. The actuarial cost method is the entry age normal cost method. General wage increase is 3.75 percent, of which 3.00 percent is due to inflation. Postretirement benefit increases of 2.00 percent simple for DB Program and 85 percent purchasing power level for SBMA program. Not applicable for CBB and DBS. As required by GASB 67, the discount rate used for financial reporting of 7.60 percent is net of investment expenses but gross of administrative expenses. The 7.50 percent investment return rate used for funding and administrative purposes is net of investment and administrative expenses. GASB 67 also specifies using the entry age normal cost method to calculate pension liability for financial reporting. The traditional unit credit method is used for funding. In addition, the 2011 CalSTRS mortality tables were used in both financial reporting and funding calculations. Table 6 provides more details of the mortality assumptions. Discussion of recent changes in: The nature of the program The DBS Program was established January 1, All provisions of the program were considered when completing the most recent actuarial valuation. Actuarial Assumptions The following assumptions were used to complete the valuation for this program. Under the traditional unit credit actuarial cost method, neither the economic nor the demographic assumptions *Note: These assumptions are currently being reviewed. The results of this review will be presented to the CalSTRS board in February If changes are adopted, they would be reflected in the June 30, 2017 Financial Report. 127