BTP Stop and Search Data - August 2012

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Herbert Hart
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BTP Search Data - August 2012 Guidance Notes This analysis covers the period 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012.

1 BTP Search Data - August 2012 Guidance Notes This analysis covers the period 01 September 2011 to 31 August These are the latest stop and search figures, compiled from data recorded on 03 October Numbers may increase slightly as Areas continue to enter details of encounters. The data provided here is provisional and has not been audited. For this reason, it may not be directly comparable with Home Office statistics. Calculations on very small sample sizes are unlikely to reflect the true nature of stop and search activity. Glossary Self Defined Ethnicity (SDE) The ethnic group as defined by the person stopped using National Census categories. Home Office forces are Obliged by s95 Criminal Justice Act 1991 to report the ethnicity of those stopped and searched by their SDE. The result is compared and reported per 1000, against the 2001 census population. As the rail network does not have a residential population, direct comparison is not viable. Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance (EA) The ethnic group as perceived by the stopping officer according to Phoenix Ethnicity Codes. Ethnic Appearance Phoenix Classification Mapped To 0 Unknown Unknown 1 White North European White 2 White South European White 3 Black Black 4 Asian Asian 5 Chinese, Japanese or South East Asian Other 6 Middle Eastern Other Not Protectively Marked 1

2 BTP Search Data Summary- August 2012 During the period 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012, British Transport Police (BTP) conducted 22,181 stop, account and search encounters, a decrease of 49% on the previous 12 month total when there were 43,534 encounters. Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % London North 2,777 71% 1,049 27% 73 2% 5 0.1% 3,904 18% London South 2,665 62% 1,516 35% 102 2% 4,283 19% London Underground 5,493 61% 3,132 35% 411 5% 6 0.1% 9,042 41% North Eastern 43 5% % 28 3% 2 0.2% 947 4% North Western 111 5% 2,273 94% 33 1% 2,417 11% Wales & Western 96 12% % 10 1% 781 4% Scotland % 53 7% 9 1% 807 4% Force 11,930 54% 9,572 43% 666 3% % 22, % For comparison, the previous 12 months 01 September 2010 to 31 August Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % London North 7,277 77% 1,858 20% 233 2% % 9,403 22% London South 8,087 68% 3,341 28% 450 4% 6 0.1% 11,884 27% London Underground 3,950 51% 3,118 40% 685 9% 9 0.1% 7,762 18% North Eastern 2,148 62% 1,270 37% 51 1% 6 0.2% 3,475 8% North Western 4,463 61% 2,792 38% 43 1% 7 0.1% 7,305 17% Wales & Western 2,224 64% 1,152 33% 95 3% 1 0.0% 3,472 8% Scotland % 25 11% 6 3% % Force 28,351 65% 13,556 31% 1,563 4% % 43, % Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has decreased (-49%) from 43,534 to 22,181 - Use of stop and account has decreased (-58%) from 28,351 to 11,930 - Grounds searches have decreased (-29%) from 13,556 to 9,572 - Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (-57%) from 1,563 to related encounters have decreased (-80%) from 64 to 13 Not Protectively Marked 2

3 Encounters - Monthly Profile for England & Wales Monthly Profile for England & Wales (Sep 11 - Aug 12) No. of Encounters 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1, Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Date Account Grounds Section 60 Related Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Account ,252 1,511 1,672 1,203 1,423 1,211 1,620 1,696 Grounds 775 1, Section Related Not Protectively Marked 3

4 Proportionality by Power Account Where an officer requests a person in a public place to account for their actions, their behaviour, their presence in an area or their possession of anything. Recommendation 61 Macpherson Report and PACE Codes of Practice in place during 2008, stated that a record must be made of all encounters including, non-statutory or voluntary stops. In June 2011 code A of PACE was amended, removing the requirement to record all Stop Accounts, and therefore BTP ceased recording these encounters. However, since January 2012 BTP has resumed recording Accounts within the London area only. By Self Defined Ethnicity from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 No % No % No % No % No % No Account 6,083 51% 2,560 21% 947 8% 339 3% 2,001 17% 11,930 By Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 No % No % No % No % No % No Account 7,247 61% 3,277 27% 1,133 9% 258 2% % 11,930 Not Protectively Marked 4

5 Proportionality by Power Grounds The majority of searches take place under s1 PACE Act 1984, but included are encounters under any power where the officer requires reasonable grounds to exercise the power (e.g. s23 Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, s47 Firearms Act 1968), which may include searching for: - Stolen Property - Prohibited articles such as offensive weapons or anything used for burglary, theft, deception or criminal damage - Drugs - Firearms By Self Defined Ethnicity from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 No % No % No % No % No % No Grounds 6,363 66% 1,318 14% 603 6% 179 2% 1,109 12% 9,572 By Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 White No % No % No % No % No % No Grounds 7,018 73% 1,699 18% 700 7% 148 2% 7 0.1% 9,572 Not Protectively Marked 5

6 All Stop & Searches by Age Range and Gender (01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012) There are no persons stopped & searched under the age of 10 years old All Categories (exc. S&A) Female Male Not Stated Total Age Range No % 10 to % 18 to % 25 to % 45 to % 65 & Over % Unknown % Total % All Categories (exc. S&A) Female Male Not Stated Total Age Range 10 to 17 5% 89% 5% 17% 18 to 24 5% 89% 6% 38% 25 to 44 6% 89% 5% 35% 45 to 64 6% 89% 5% 6% 65 & Over 100% 0.2% Unknown 6% 89% 6% 4% Total 5% 89% 5% 100% All Stop & Searches by Age Range and Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance (01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012) All Categories (exc. S&A) White Black Asian Other Unknown Total Age Range No % No % No % No % No % No % 10 to % % 112 6% 21 1% 1 0.1% % 18 to % % 331 9% 55 1% 4 0.1% % 25 to % % 263 7% 69 2% 1 0.0% % 45 to % 99 17% 27 5% 9 2% 577 6% 65 & Over 20 87% 2 9% 1 4% % Unknown % 92 23% 30 8% 7 2% 1 0.3% 393 4% Total % % 764 7% 161 2% 7 0.1% % Not Protectively Marked 6

7 Stop & Account by Age Range and Gender (01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012) There are no persons stopped under the age of 10 years old Stop & Account Female Male Not Stated Total Age Range No % 10 to % 18 to % 25 to % 45 to % 65 & Over % Unknown % Total % Stop & Account Female Male Not Stated Total Age Range 10 to 17 16% 76% 8% 13% 18 to 24 10% 79% 10% 28% 25 to 44 11% 80% 9% 39% 45 to 64 9% 82% 9% 12% 65 & Over 8% 86% 6% 1% Unknown 8% 88% 4% 7% Total 11% 80% 9% 100% Stop & Account by Age Range & Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance (01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012) Stop & Account White Black Asian Other Unknown Total Age Range No % No % No % No % No % No % 10 to % % 136 9% 24 2% 3 0.2% % 18 to % % % 80 2% 4 0.1% % 25 to % % % 118 3% 3 0.1% % 45 to % % 70 5% 23 2% 2 0.1% % 65 & Over % 7 6% 10 8% 3 2% 2 1.6% 127 1% Unknown % 79 9% 53 6% % 1 0.1% 880 7% Total % % % 258 2% % % Not Protectively Marked 7

8 Proportionality by Power Section 60 S60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 / s60 Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 Where an authorising officer reasonably believes: - Serious violence may take place or - Persons are carrying dangerous instruments or offensive weapons without good reason they may authorise powers for officers in uniform to stop and search any person or vehicles within a defined area and time period. By Self Defined Ethnicity from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 No % No % No % No % No % No Section % % 58 9% 21 3% % 666 By Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 No % No % No % No % No % No Section % % 59 9% 10 2% 666 Not Protectively Marked 8

9 Proportionality by Power Related This category covers searches carried out under Sec 43 Act 2000, Sec 44(1) and Sec 44(2) Act By Self Defined Ethnicity from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 No % No % No % No % No % No Related 4 31% 1 8% 4 31% 1 8% 3 23% 13 By Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 No % No % No % No % No % No Related 3 23% 2 15% 5 38% 3 23% 13 Not Protectively Marked 9

10 Force Summary Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary No. % No. % No. % No. % No. Analysis Period 11,930 54% 9,572 43% 666 3% % 22,181 Comparison Period 28,351 65% 13,556 31% 1,563 4% % 43,534 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has decreased (-49%) from 43,534 to 22,181 - Use of stop and account has decreased (-58%) from 28,351 to 11,930 - Grounds searches have decreased (-29%) from 13,556 to 9,572 - Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (-57%) from 1,563 to related encounters have decreased (-80%) from 64 to 13 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity No % No % No % No % No % No Account 6,083 51% % 947 8% 339 3% % 11,930 Grounds 6,363 66% 1,318 14% 603 6% 179 2% 1,109 12% 9,572 Section % % 58 9% 21 3% % 666 Related 4 31% 1 8% 4 31% 1 8% 3 23% 13 Force 12,691 57% 4,119 19% 1,612 7% 540 2% 3,219 15% 22,181 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance No % No % No % No % No % No Account 7,247 61% 3,277 27% % 258 2% % 11,930 Grounds 7,018 73% 1,699 18% 700 7% 148 2% 7 0.1% 9,572 Section % % 59 9% 10 2% 666 Related 3 23% 2 15% 5 38% 3 23% 13 Force 14,559 66% 5,284 24% 1,897 9% 419 2% % 22,181 Not Protectively Marked 10

11 Area Summaries London North Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary London North No % No % No % No % No Analysis period 2,777 71% 1,049 27% 73 2% 5 0.1% 3,904 Comparison period 7,277 77% 1,858 20% 233 2% % 9,403 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has decreased (-58%) from 9,403 to 3,904 - Use of stop and account has decreased (-62%) from 7,277 to 2,777 - Grounds searches have decreased (-44%) from 1,858 to 1,049 - Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (-69%) from 233 to 73 - related encounters have decreased (-86%) from 35 to 5 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity London North No % No % No % No % No % No Account 1,388 50% % % 67 2% % 2,777 Grounds % % 77 7% 34 3% % 1,049 Section % 32 44% 3 4% 4 5% 18 25% 73 Related 1 20% 1 20% 1 20% 2 40% 5 Total 2,005 51% % % 106 3% % 3,904 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance London North No % No % No % No % No % No Account 1,521 55% % % 36 1% 4 0.1% 2,777 Grounds % % 99 9% 24 2% 1,049 Section % 43 59% 3 4% 5 7% 73 Related 2 40% 1 20% 2 40% 5 Total 2,236 57% 1,175 30% % 67 2% 4 0.1% 3,904 Not Protectively Marked 11

12 London South Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary London South No % No % No % No % No Analysis period 2,665 62% 1,516 35% 102 2% 4,283 Comparison period 8,087 68% 3,341 28% 450 4% 6 0.1% 11,884 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has decreased (-64%) from 11,884 to 4,283 - Use of stop and account has decreased (-67%) from 8,087 to 2,665 - Grounds searches have decreased (-55%) from 3,341 to 1,516 - Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (-77%) from 450 to related encounters have decreased from 6 to 0 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity London South No % No % No % No % No % No Account 1,409 53% % 103 4% 111 4% % 2,665 Grounds % % 51 3% 27 2% 127 8% 1,516 Section % 41 40% 7 7% 4 4% 14 14% 102 Related Total 2,382 56% 1,189 28% 161 4% 142 3% % 4,283 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance London South No % No % No % No % No % No Account 1,521 57% % 119 4% 56 2% 8 0.3% 2,665 Grounds % % 49 3% 23 2% 3 0.2% 1,516 Section % 55 54% 6 6% 102 Related Total 2,544 59% 1,475 34% 174 4% 79 2% % 4,283 Not Protectively Marked 12

13 London Underground London Underground Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary No % No % No % No % No Analysis period 5,493 61% 3,132 35% 411 5% 6 0.1% 9,042 Comparison period 3,950 51% 3,118 40% 685 9% 9 0.1% 7,762 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has increased (16%) from 7,762 to 9,042 - Use of stop and account has increased (39%) from 3,950 to 5,493 - Grounds searches have increased (0.4%) from 3,118 to 3,132 - Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (40%) from 685 to related encounters have decreased (-33%) from 9 to 6 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity London Underground No % No % No % No % No % No Account 2,661 48% 1,031 19% % 154 3% 1,108 20% 5,493 Grounds 1,509 48% % % 86 3% % 3,132 Section % % 47 11% 11 3% 73 18% 411 Related 2 33% 3 50% 1 17% 6 Total 4,301 48% 1,763 19% % 251 3% 1,785 20% 9,042 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance London Underground No % No % No % No % No % No Account 3,252 59% 1,395 25% % 163 3% 3 0.1% 5,493 Grounds 1,840 59% % % 78 2% 2 0.1% 3,132 Section % % 49 12% 5 1% 411 Related 1 17% 4 67% 1 17% 6 Total 5,260 58% 2,396 26% 1,134 13% 247 3% 5 0.1% 9,042 Not Protectively Marked 13

14 North Eastern Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary North Eastern No % No % No % No % No Analysis period 43 5% % 28 3% 2 0.2% 947 Comparison period 2,148 62% 1,270 37% 51 1% 6 0.2% 3,475 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has decreased (-73%) from 3,475 to Use of stop and account has decreased (-98%) from 2,148 to 43 - Grounds searches have decreased (-31%) from 1,270 to Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (-45%) from 51 to 28 - related encounters have decreased (67%) from 6 to 2 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity North Eastern No % No % No % No % No % No Account 40 93% 2 5% 1 2% 43 Grounds % 32 4% 24 3% 6 0.7% 59 7% 874 Section % 12 43% 2 7.1% 28 Related 2 100% 2 Total % 44 5% 26 3% 8 0.8% 60 6% 947 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance North Eastern No % No % No % No % No % No Account 40 93% 3 7% 43 Grounds % 42 5% 26 3% 6 0.7% 874 Section % 13 46% 28 Related 2 100% 2 Total % 55 6% 29 3% 6 0.6% 947 Not Protectively Marked 14

15 North Western Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary North Western No % No % No % No % No Analysis period 111 5% 2,273 94% 33 1% 2,417 Comparison period 4,463 61% 2,792 38% % 7 0.1% 7,305 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has decreased (-67%) from 7,305 to 2,417 - Use of stop and account has decreased (-98%) from 4,463 to Grounds searches have decreased (-19%) from 2,792 to 2,273 - Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (23%) from 43 to 33 - related encounters have decreased from 7 to 0 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity North Western No % No % No % No % No % No Account 79 71% 4 4% 2 2% 1 1% 25 23% 111 Grounds 1,998 88% 86 4% 69 3% 14 1% 106 5% 2,273 Section % 2 6% 1 3% 33 Related Total 2,107 87% 92 4% 72 3% 15 1% 131 5% 2,417 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance North Western No % No % No % No % No % No Account % 6 5% 3 3% 1 0.9% 111 Grounds 2,086 92% 91 4% 87 4% 9 0.4% 2,273 Section % 2 6% 1 3% 33 Related Total 2,217 92% 99 4% 91 4% % 2,417 Not Protectively Marked 15

16 Wales & Western Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary Wales & Western No % No % No % No % No Analysis period 96 12% % 10 1% 781 Comparison period 2,224 64% 1,152 33% 95 3% 1 0.0% 3,472 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has decreased (-78%) from 3,472 to Use of stop and account has decreased (-96%) from 2,224 to 96 - Grounds searches have decreased (-41%) from 1,152 to Encounters using section 60 powers have decreased (89%) from 95o 10 - related encounters have decreased from 1 to 0 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity Wales & Western No % No % No % No % No % No Account 73 76% 12 13% 5 5% 1 1% 5 5% 96 Grounds % 54 8% 29 4% 9 1% 50 7% 675 Section % 2 20% 1 10% 10 Total % 68 9% 34 4% 10 1% 56 7% 781 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance Wales & Western No % No % No % No % No % No Account 77 80% 13 14% 5 5% 1 1.0% 96 Grounds % 61 9% 37 5% 7 1.0% 2 0.3% 675 Section % 3 30% 10 Total % 77 10% 42 5% 8 1.0% 2 0.3% 781 Not Protectively Marked 16

17 Scotland* Account Grounds Section 60 Related Summary Scotland No % No % No % No % No Analysis period % 53 7% 9 1% 807 Comparison period % 25 11% 6 3% 0.0% 233 Main Points - The overall use of stop, search and account has increased (246%) from 233 to Use of stop and account has increased (269%) from 202 to Grounds searches have increased (112%) from 25 to 53 - Encounters using section 60 powers have increased (50%) from 6 to 9 Proportionality by Power - Self Defined Ethnicity Scotland No % No % No % No % No % No Account % 3 0.4% 3 0.4% 5 1% % 745 Grounds 32 60% 3 6% 18 34% 53 Section % 9 Total % 3 0.4% 3 0.4% 8 1% % 807 Proportionality by Power - Officer Recorded Ethnic Appearance Scotland No % No % No % No % No % No Account % 5 1% 4 0.5% 1 0.1% 745 Grounds 49 92% 2 4% 1 1.9% 1 1.9% 53 Section % 9 Total % 7 1% 5 0.6% 2 0.2% 807 *Procedures, Processes & Legislation are not comparable with England & Wales areas Not Protectively Marked 17

18 Arrest Rates - Ethnic Appearance from 01 September 2011 to 31 August 2012 British Transport Police No White Arrested % No Black Arrested % No Asian Arrested % No Other Arrested % No Unknown Arrested % No Summary Arrested % Account 7, % 3, % 1, % % % 11, % Grounds 7, % 1, % % % 7 9, % Section % % % % Related % % % % Force 14, % 5, % 1, % % % 22,181 1,440 6% Arrest Rates - Ethnic Appearance by Area London North No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % Account 1, % % % % % 2, % Grounds % % % 24 1, % Section % % Related % % Total 2, % 1, % % % % 3, % London South No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % Account 1, % % % % % 2, % Grounds % % % % 3 1, % Section % % Related Total 2, % 1, % % % % 4, % Not Protectively Marked 18

19 London Underground No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % Account 3, % % % % 3 5, % Grounds 1, % % % % 2 3, % Section % % % % Related % % Total 5, % 2, % 1, % % 5 9, % North Eastern No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % Account % % Grounds % % % % Section % % Related % % Total % % % % North Western No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % Account % % Grounds % % % 9 2, % Section Related Total 2, % % % 10 2, % Not Protectively Marked 19

20 Wales & Western No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % Account % % Grounds % % % % % Section Related Total % % % % % Scotland No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % No Arrested % Account % % Grounds Section Related Total % % Not Protectively Marked 20

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. CSP Membership (as at 1 st March 2018) & NHS Data (2009 to 2017) UK/England /N Ireland/Scotland/Wales

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy CSP Membership (as at 1 st March 2018) & NHS Data (2009 to 2017) UK/England /N Ireland/Scotland/Wales Summary 1. CSP Members by Country 2. CSP Total Members from 2014