Employment Law New Challenges in the Business Environment

Transcription

1 Employment Law New Challenges in the Business Environment John Jude Moran, J.D., M.B.A. Aâdociate Profeééor Wagner Collège Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

2 Contenta Préface Foreword About the Author ix xi xiii Part I Employment Relationship and Liability 1 Chapter 1 Employaient Relatioiuihip 3 Types of Authority 4 Duties of Employées and Independent Contractors 6 Employer's Duties 8 Review Questions 10 Chapter 2 Employment Contract 12 Eléments of an Employment Contract 12 Lawful Purpose 13 Agreement 13 Légal Capacity 16 Promise toperform 16 Considération 16 Execution in ProperForml7 Validityof a Contract 19 Contractual Rights and Duties 19 Freedom to Contract 19 Significance of a Written Contract 19 Proper Application of State Laws 20 Assignaient 22 Breach of Contract 23 Remédies 24 Contractual Défenses 28 Impossibility 32 Release 32 # Mistake 32 Review Questions 33 Chapter 3 Employment Liability 36 Liability of Employées and Independent Contractors 36 Liability of Employers 38 Liability of Third Parties 50 Review Questions 51 PART II Employment Procédure 55 Chapter 4 Sélection 57 Discrimination in Sélection 57 Discrimination in Promotions 73 Review Questions 82

3 VI Contents Chapter 5 Tcàting Aptitude Tests 84 Residency Tests 86 Honesty Tests 88 Polygraph Test 88 DrugTesting95 Review Questions 103 # Employée Polygraph Protection Act 104 Chapter 6 Privacy, Tbeft, and WbUtkblowing 10 7 Privacy Act of Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act 108 Electronic Communications Act 108 Fair Crédit Reporting Act 108 Defamation 109 Invasion of Privacy 111 Interférence with Business Relations 112 Employée Theft 114 Surveillance 116 Security 117 Company Policy 119 Whistle-Blowing 119 Review Questions 126 A Sélective Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America 128 Whistleblower Protection Act 129 Privacy Act of Chapter 7 Termination 132 Termination of Employment 132 Contesting the Termination 141 Model Employment Termination Act 142 Model Employment Termination Act 143 Retaliatory Discharge 147 Review Questions 154 Model Employment Termination Act of PART III Employment Discrimination 159 Chapter 8 Civil Rights Act 161 Introduction 161 Disparate Treatment 166 Disparate Impact 168 Retaliation 171 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 171 Civil Rights Act of Exemptions 174 Advertising 175 Conclusion 175 Review Questions 176 Civil Rights Act of Civil Rights Act of Glass Ceiling Act of Chapter 9 Affirmative Action 201 Introduction 201 Title VII Violators 204 History of Affirmative Action 208 Equal Employment Opportunity Act 208 Affirmative Action Plan Guidelines for the Private Sector 210 Reverse Discrimination 211 Conclusion 221 Review Questions 222 ^ Uniform Guidelines on Employée Sélection Procédures (1978) 223 Chapter 10 Racial Discrimination 228 Introduction 228 Racial Harassment 239 Color Discrimination 241 Reconstruction Act 242 U.S. Constitution 242 Conclusion 244 Review Questions 244 Reconstruction Era Act of Chapter 11 Sex Discrimination 247 Introduction Sex Plus Discrimination 254 Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) 260 Equal Pay 261 Comparable Worth 264 Grooming265 Customer Préférences 267 Conclusion 270 Review Questions 270

4 Contents Vil Chapter 12 Sexual Harassment 272 Introduction 272 4> Quid Pro Quo 287 Hostile Work Environment 291 A Model Sexual Harassment Policy 302 Conclusion 305 Review Questions 305 Chapter 13 Family Leave and Pregnancy Discrimination 307 Family Leave 307 Pregnancy Discrimination 317 Fetal Protection Policies321 Review Questions 332 Family and Médical Leave Act, 333 Chapter 14 Sexual Orientation 337 Introduction 337 Conclusion 353 Review Questions 353 Chapter 15 Religions Discrimination 355 Introduction 355 Accommodating Religious Beliefs 356 Bona Fide Occupational Qualification 362 First Amendment Protection 369 Conclusion 371 Review Questions 371 First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America 373 Chapter 16 National Origin 374 Immigration Reform and Control Act 380 Conclusion 389 Review Questions 390 Immigration Reform and Control Act, 391 Chapter 17 Age Discrimination 394 Age Discrimination in Employment Act 394 Conclusion 424 Review Questions 425 <# Age Discrimination in Employment Act of Chapter 18 Disability Discrimination 429 Discriminating Against the Disabled 429 Reasonable Accommodations 429 The Future for Disabled Workers 436 Conclusion 437 Review Questions 437 Americans with Disabilities Act of Chapter 19 AIDS Discrimination 446 Workers with Contagious Diseases 446 A Model for a Company Policy on AIDS 455 Review Questions 456 Rehabilitation Act of PART IV Employment Régulation 459 Chapter 20 LaborLaw 461 History461 #» Unions 462 National Labor Relations Act 464 Sherman Act 467 Railway Labor Act 468 Noms LaGuardia Act 468 The Future for Unions 468 Review Questions 478 Clayton Antitrust Act of Norris LaGuardia Act 480 # Sherman Antitrust Act 483 Chapter 21 Collective Bargaining 484 Introduction 484 Review Questions 496 National Labor Relations Act of

5 < VÎii > Contents Chapter 22 Wage and Hour Régulation 501 Fair Labor Standards Act 501 Child Labor 511 Review Questions 512 Fair Labor Standards Act of Chapter 23 Occupational Safety and Health Act 516 Introduction 516 Administrative Agencies 516 Secretaryof Labor 517 Permanent Standards 517 Emergency Standards 519 Partial and Permanent Disability Review Questions 532 Occupational Safety and Health Act of Chapter 24 Workers'Compensation 536 Purpose536 Reporting a Claim 536 Origination of Workers' Compensation 540 Workers' Compensation Board 541 False Représentations 542 Employée Défenses 542 Review Questions 556 Chapter 25 Employment Retirement Income Security Act 558 Introduction 558 Defined Benefit Plan 558 Defmed Contribution Plan 558 Purpose565 Fiduciary Duties 569 Inflation 572 Tax Incentives 580 Review Questions 580 Employée Retirement Income Security Act of Case Index 585 Sub/ect Index