EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits Chapter 6: Employment-Based Retirement Plan Participation

Transcription

1 EBRI Databook on Employee Benefits Chapter 6: Employment-Based Retirement Plan Participation UPDATED July 2014 This chapter looks at the percentage of American workers who work for an employer who sponsors an employment-based retirement plan and the percentage that actual participate in the plan. Furthermore, a breakdown of those that do not participate is also provided. The data for the basis of this chapter is the March supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS). CPS has the most detailed demographic data on workers and their employers provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. Other sources of data provide the level of retirement plan participation, but do not have the detail on the employee demographics such as data from the National Compensation Survey conducted bydol s Bureau of Labor Statistics. See for more detail about this survey. For further discussion on CPS and other data sets providing estimates of retirement plan participation by workers, see Craig Copeland, Employment-Based Retirement Plan Participation: Geographic Differences and Trends, 2012, EBRI Issue Brief #392 (November, 2013). Figure 6.1: Overall Participation Figure 6.1 Percentage of Various Work Forces Who Work for an Employer That Sponsored a Retirement Plan, and the Percentage Who Participated in a Plan, 2012 Wage and Private-Sector Public-Sector Full-Time, Full-Year All Salary Workers Wage and Salary Wage and Salary Wage and Salary Workers Ages Workers Ages Workers Ages Workers Ages (millions) Worker Category Total Works for an employer sponsoring a plan Participating in a plan (percentage) Worker Category Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Works for an employer sponsoring a plan Participating in a plan Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the 2013 March Current Population Survey. UPDATED July 2014

2 Figure 6.2: Participation by Employee Characteristics Figure 6.2 Percentage of Workers Who Worked for an Employer That Sponsored a Retirement Plan and the Percentage Who Participated in a Plan, by Various Characteristics, 2012 Full-Time, Full-Year Wage and Salary All Workers Workers Ages Number Sponsor- Percent- Number Sponsor- Percent- of ship age of ship age workers rate participating workers rate participating (000s) (%) (%) (000s) (%) (%) Age 20 or younger 8, % 4.1% , , % 28.7% , , , , , , , , or older 9, Gender Male 82, , Female 74, , Race/Ethnicity White 103, , Black 16, , Hispanic 23, , Other 11, , Education No high school diploma 14, , High school diploma 41, , Some college 47, , Bachelor's degree 33, , Graduate/profnl. degree 18, , Marital Status Married 85, , Widowed 3, , Divorced 17, , Separated 3, , Never married 47, , Work Status Full-time, full-year 102, , Full-time, part-year 20, Part-time, full-year 17, Part-time, part-year 16, Annual Earnings Less than $10,000 24, $10,000 $19,999 23, , $20,000 $29,999 23, , $30,000 $39,999 20, , $40,000 $49,999 15, , $50,000 $74,999 24, , $75,000 or more 23, , Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the 2013 March Current Population Survey.

3 Figure 6.3: Participation by Employer Characteristics Figure 6.3 Percentage of Workers Who Worked for an Employer That Sponsored a Retirement Plan and the Percentage Who Participated in a Plan, by Various Characteristics, 2012 Full-Time, Full-Year Wage and Salary All Workers Workers Ages Number Sponsor- Percent- Number Sponsor- Percent- of ship age of ship age workers rate participating workers rate participating (000s) (%) (%) (000s) (%) (%) Occupation Management, business, and financial 23, , Professional and related 33, , Service 29, , Sales and related 16, , Office and admin. support 19, , Farming, fishing, and forestry 1, Construction and extraction 8, , Installation, maintenance, repair 5, , Production 8, , Transportion/material moving 9, , Employer Size Fewer than 10 employees 31, , employees 22, , employees 10, , employees 16, , employees 6, , ,000 or more employees 46, , Public sector 22, , Sector/Industry Private sector , agriculture, mining, and construction 12, , manufacturing 15, , wholesale and retail trade 21, , transportation, utilities, information, and financial 19, , professional services 41, , other services 23, , Public sector 22, , Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the 2013 March Current Population Survey.

4 Figure 6.4: Retirement Plan Participation by Various Work Forces, For the full figure click on the link: Figure 6.5: Retirement Plan Participation by State, Figure 6.5 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by State, Three-Year Average Trend, State All 49.7% 48.8% 48.3% 47.9% 46.9% 46.6% 46.3% 46.1% 45.2% 44.8% 44.6% Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

5 Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Surveys. Figure 6.6: Retirement Plan Participation by Age, Figure 6.6 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Age, % 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 59.6% 60.6% 60.0% 58.6% 59.2% 59.2% 58.6% 58.2% 58.5% 58.5% 57.8% 56.0% 55.6% 56.4% 57.5% 57.9% 57.8% 56.4% 56.0% 56.0% 54.9% 54.6% 53.8% 53.0% 54.5% 56.7% 56.5% 55.6% 53.8% 53.5% 57.7% 54.0% 54.0% 54.0% 55.1% 54.5% 53.0% 53.1% 54.0% 52.1% 53.5% 40.8% 41.0% 41.4% 42.0% 41.0% 40.7% 40.4% 62.8% 62.4% 62.6% 56.0% 54.9% 55.3% 53.4% 54.1% 53.2% 59.9% 58.6% 59.0% 56.4% 53.6% 56.6% 54.8% 53.4% 56.1% 53.8% 53.5% 53.9% 52.4% 52.5% 52.3% 51.8% 52.3% 52.4% 51.6% 51.5% 50.4% 50.4% 48.5% 48.9% 47.9% 48.3% 47.9% 47.9% 45.1% 45.1% 42.4% 43.6% 43.6% 44.2% 43.5% 41.6% 41.6% 41.0% 41.3% 40.2% 39.2% 38.9% 39.6% 37.9% 38.2% 37.6% 37.3% 30% 25% 20% 20.3% 19.5% 19.3% 19.6% 19.2% 19.6% 18.5% 18.1% 18.1% 21.1% 20.8% 23.0% 20.0% 20.3% 19.8% 18.0% 19.8% 19.9% 19.6% 18.6% 18.4% 19.0% 18.0% 17.2% 16.5% 16.4% 15% Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Figure 6.7: Retirement Plan Participation by Gender,

6 56% 54% Figure 6.7 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Gender, % 53.6% 53.7% 52% 50% 48% 46% 44% 42% 51.0% 51.2% 51.5% 51.1% 42.9% 42.9% 43.2% 50.1% 48.8% 48.5% 43.9% 43.6% 51.6% 51.0% 50.8% 50.3% 45.2% 45.0% 46.4% 45.8% 48.1% 48.5% 49.3% 47.6% 51.8% 49.7% 49.5% 49.4% 47.8% 47.1% 47.2% 46.6% 46.1% Male Female 46.2% 44.9% 47.8% 46.9% 45.4% 46.5% 45.3% 45.1% 45.0% 44.8% 44.6% 44.4% 44.1% 43.5% 40.8% 40.7% 40% Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Surveys. Figure 6.8: Retirement Plan Participation by Gender, % 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 48.0% 48.3% 54.7% 52.7% 51.1% 51.5% 50.8% 49.6% 49.7% 49.4% 49.4% 49.4% 45.5% 45.8% 44.2% 44.1% 43.5% 43.1% 42.0% 41.2% 42.1% 32.2% 29.8% Figure 6.8 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Race/Ethnicity, a % White Black Hispanic Other 29.9% 55.4% 56.3% 54.3% 52.7% 52.9% 52.8% 51.7% 50.4% 52.2% 50.8% 49.4% 49.5% 49.6% 49.1% 45.6% 46.4% 45.2% 45.9% 46.7% 47.4% 46.4% 46.4% 44.6% 45.0% 45.9% 44.7% 43.4% 45.8% 43.1% 43.2% 45.9% 45.8% 42.9% 42.4% 43.0% 42.8% 41.6% 40.5% 44.8% 44.0% 43.4% 42.8% 42.7% 43.4% 43.1% 43.5% 43.1% 41.3% 41.1% 41.4% 41.6% 40.9% 41.5% 40.4% 40.1% 38.9% 37.6% 29.8% 27.9% 28.4% 29.5% 28.2% 32.3% 31.4% 31.1% 29.8% 31.0% 29.4% 28.7% 29.2% 26.5% 28.7% 27.9% 28.5% 28.3% 26.7% 27.5% 26.9% 27.3% Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Surveys. a Beginning with the 2003 March Current Population Survey, changes were made to the race variable, where respondents were allowed to answer to more than one race. Thus, the results are not entirely comparable with prior years, but are presented for illustrative purposes. The "other" category includes those who answered to being of more than one race for Figure 6.9: Retirement Plan Participation by Education,

7 75% 65% 55% 45% 35% 65.6% 66.3% 66.2% 65.2% 52.1% 52.5% 53.9% 54.8% 57.0% 57.0% 56.8% 45.7% 45.7% Figure 6.9 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Educational Level, % 49.9% 50.5% 50.8% 49.1% 47.8% 48.0% 45.9% 47.2% 45.4% 45.3% 46.5% 47.6% 43.9% 44.4% 44.7% 44.9% 44.1% 43.7% 69.4% 69.7% 69.3% 70.9% 69.3% 69.8% 69.7% 72.6% 73.7% 74.6% 71.6% 69.8% 69.8% 70.3% 68.3% 68.5% 67.6% 66.1% 66.6% 65.8% 66.7% 65.5% 59.7% 61.2% 63.0% 62.8% 63.8% 61.6% 59.3% 59.4% 59.3% 60.0% 58.8% 57.8% 57.5% 58.4% 56.7% 54.8% 55.5% 54.0% 54.3% 47.0% 46.3% 46.3% 42.9% 45.2% 44.6% 44.8% 45.1% 44.9% 43.2% 42.6% 42.3% 48.0% 48.1% 46.6% 47.2% 46.4% 44.6% 44.4% 43.6% 42.8% 42.8% 41.5% 41.0% 39.2% 40.5% 39.7% 37.8% 37.5% 37.1% 36.7% 31.5% 25% 15% 29.4% 28.3% 28.0% 28.2% 24.9% 24.2% 25.8% 25.2% 25.7% 25.6% 25.4% 25.5% 25.3% 22.8% 21.9% 21.9% 20.6% 19.4% 17.8% 17.0% 17.3% 17.6% 15.9% 18.5% 19.0% No High School Diploma High School Diploma Some College Bachelor's Degree Graduate/Professional Degree Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Surveys. Figure 6.10: Retirement Plan Participation by Annual Earnings, % Figure 6.10 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Annual Earnings (2012$s), % 78.2% 78.7% 79.7% 77.0% 76.6% 76.2% 76.3% 75.4% 76.2% 76.1% 77.0% 77.5% 76.5% 74.0% 74.5% 73.3% 74.9% 73.9% 72.3% 69.2% 71.2% 70.5% 70.3% 70.5% 69.9% 69.8% 70% 60% 73.8% 74.4% 74.0% 75.1% 75.2% 75.1% 73.2% 74.9% 72.9% 73.9% 73.1% 74.2% 74.0% 73.1% 71.7% 69.3% 71.0% 70.2% 63.3% 62.1% 63.1% 65.4% 64.7% 63.9% 64.6% 67.2% 65.8% 65.5% 67.1% 65.9% 66.0% 65.5% 64.0% 68.0% 68.8% 65.6% 66.4% 66.0% 66.4% 65.6% 66.0% 62.0% 61.5% 62.1% 59.6% 57.8% 61.1% 59.2% 59.6% 58.1% 58.0% 58.0% 50% 40% 53.2% 53.7% 54.6% 55.2% 54.2% 54.9% 56.1% 55.8% 55.7% 55.8% 56.1% 55.0% 54.8% 52.2% 52.0% 52.3% 50.7% 50.5% 51.1% 51.0% 38.8% 37.1% 37.5% 38.6% 40.2% 41.2% 40.4% 48.6% 49.7% 49.6% 40.1% 40.1% 40.3% 48.1% 48.7% 38.7% 38.2% 38.8% 39.6% 47.2% 38.5% 35.6% 36.0% 35.8% 35.0% 34.0% 34.9% 33.8% 34.2% 34.1% 34.1% 32.6% 30% 20% 21.0% 21.1% 21.0% 22.1% 21.9% 20.3% 21.2% 22.5% 21.8% 21.7% 22.6% 23.1% 22.4% 23.2% 20.9% 20.6% 19.7% 20.3% 19.8% 19.0% 19.9% 19.5% 18.4% 17.8% 17.6% 16.2% 10% 0% 8.8% 8.0% 7.7% 8.0% 7.8% 8.3% 8.1% 9.2% 9.5% 10.3% 10.7% 11.1% 10.2% 9.0% 9.3% 9.5% 9.9% 10.2% 9.5% 9.1% 9.0% 8.1% 8.1% 8.4% 8.7% 7.6% Less than $10,000 per Year $10,000 $19,999 $20,000 $29,999 $30,000 $39,999 $40,000 $49,999 $50,000 $74,999 $75,000 or more Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Survey. Figure 6.11: Retirement Plan Participation by Work Status,

8 Figure 6.11 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Work Status, % 58.4% 58.3% 59.0% 59.5% 58.9% 59.0% 59.6% 57.7% 58.0% 59.0% 59.2% 60.3% 60.4% 59.8% 58.3% 56.7% 57.1% 56.6% 54.8% 55% 52.7% 55.3% 54.8% 54.4% 54.5% 53.7% 53.5% 45% 35% 29.6% 29.5% 30.1% 30.3% 31.1% 31.1% 30.8% 28.1% 27.8% 27.0% 27.7% 33.1% 32.2% 34.1% 34.3% 32.7% 32.7% 31.9% 31.2% 32.1% 31.1% 30.6% 29.8% 29.6% 29.8% 30.1% 25% 15% 5% 27.9% 21.9% 21.8% 22.6% 24.0% 22.2% 22.9% 23.9% 23.0% 24.1% 25.4% 26.2% 25.7% 25.4% 25.7% 25.7% 25.7% 24.4% 22.7% 23.6% 23.8% 22.8% 22.2% 21.7% 22.1% 19.4% 16.5% 15.2% 15.5% 14.3% 10.2% 9.1% 10.8% 11.6% 11.9% 13.2% 13.3% 13.5% 14.1% 14.1% 14.6% 13.7% 13.5% 12.2% 12.9% 10.0% 11.2% 12.0% 11.5% 11.4% 10.9% 10.8% Full-Time, Full-Year Worker Full-Time, Part-Year Worker Part-Time, Full-Year Worker Part-Time, Part-Year Worker Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Surveys. Figure 6.12: Retirement Plan Participation by Employer Size,

9 Figure 6.12 Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Workers' Employer Size, % 70% 75.6% 75.6% 76.3% 76.1% 76.1% 77.6% 76.7% 77.1% 77.2% 77.2% 77.3% 75.2% 75.5% 75.3% 75.8% 75.8% 74.5% 74.8% 74.8% 73.3% 75.4% 74.5% 72.9% 71.9% 73.2% 71.5% 62.3% 61.5% 62.1% 62.2% 61.9% 61.2% 60.4% 62.3% 62.4% 62.4% 62.3% 63.8% 63.1% 62.9% 61.6% 59.5% 60.3% 59.2% 60% 58.0% 57.1% 58.0% 55.9% 55.2% 55.7% 55.1% 54.8% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 58.6% 58.7% 58.0% 56.0% 56.5% 57.4% 57.7% 56.0% 51.7% 55.3% 54.7% 54.4% 53.9% 54.6% 54.0% 53.2% 52.9% 53.9% 53.9% 52.0% 51.4% 51.3% 51.3% 51.7% 51.6% 53.1% 49.7% 49.6% 50.4% 49.5% 48.6% 49.4% 49.5% 49.4% 50.0% 49.2% 47.6% 48.4% 48.3% 46.8% 42.5% 42.0% 43.8% 44.3% 45.4% 45.3% 45.6% 45.5% 43.9% 43.8% 44.4% 44.9% 40.4% 38.8% 39.4% 39.4% 38.6% 39.4% 39.6% 36.7% 36.9% 37.2% 37.0% 36.9% 36.6% 36.6% 33.5% 35.1% 35.3% 35.3% 30.8% 26.4% 27.6% 27.4% 26.5% 26.3% 26.2% 27.2% 34.2% 25.9% 25.1% 25.6% 23.8% 24.1% 24.9% 24.7% 22.5% 23.6% 28.2% 28.7% 30.3% 30.5% 30.6% 28.5% 22.7% 19.8% 20.1% 19.0% 20.3% 20.7% 18.6% 18.0% 16.8% 16.5% 14.3% 15.3% 16.5% 16.0% 15.8% 15.4% 15.7% 13.9% 11.9% 11.1% 11.6% 12.2% 13.1% 13.6% 14.4% 14.3% 13.5% 12.2% 13.0% 13.3% 13.6% 11.2% Fewer Than 10 Employees Employees* Employees^ Employees Employees 1,000 or More Employees Public Sector Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the March Current Population Surveys. * Fewer than 25 employees from , employees from ^25-99 employees from

10 UPDATED July 2014 Figure 6.13: Number of Workers Who Do NOT Participate in an Employment-based Plan Figure 6.13 Number of Workers Working for an Employer Who Does NOT Sponsor an Employment-Based Retirement Plan and Number of Workers NOT Participating in an Employment-Based Retirement Plan, by Various Demographic and Employer Characteristics, 2012 Characteristic(s) Percentage Percentage Working for an NOT Working for an NOT Employer NOT Participating Employer NOT Participating Sponsoring a Sponsoring a Plan In a Plan Plan In a Plan (in millions) (percentage of total) Total % 100.0% Self-Employed (Not Wage and Salary) Net Wage and Salary Year Old or Older and 25 Years Old or Younger Under 21 Years Old Years Old or Younger Year Old or Older Not Full-Time, Full-Year Full-time, part-year Part-time, full-year Part-time, part-year Less than $20,000 in annual earnings Less than $10,000 in annual earnings Less than $5,000 in annual earnings Fewer than 100 employees Fewer than 10 employees employees employees Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the 2013 March Current Population Survey.

11 Figure 6.14: Another Look at the Number of Workers Who Do NOT Participate in an Employment-based Plan Characteristic(s) Figure 6.14 Percentage of Workers Working for an Employer Who Does NOT Sponsor an Employment-Based Retirement Plan and Percentage of Workers NOT Participating in an Employment-Based Retirement Plan of Various Demographic and Employer Characteristic Groups, 2012 Total Percentage Percentage Working for an NOT Working for an NOT Employer NOT Participating Employer NOT Participating Sponsoring a Sponsoring a Plan In a Plan Plan In a Plan (millions) (percentage of defined population) Total % 60.6% Self-Employed (Not Wage and Salary) Net Wage and Salary Under 21 Years Old Year Old or Older Not Full-Time, Full-Year Full-time, part-year Part-time, full-year Part-time, part-year Less than $5,000 in annual earnings Less than $10,000 in annual earnings Fewer than 100 employees Fewer than 10 employees employees employees Wage and Salary, Full-Year, Ages 21-64, $5,000 or more in annual earnings, 10 or more employees Wage and Salary, Full-Year, Ages 21-64, $5,000 or more in annual earnings, 50 or more employees Wage and Salary, Full-Time, Ages 21-64, $5,000 or more in annual earnings, 10 or more employees Wage and Salary, Full-Time, Ages 21-64, $5,000 or more in annual earnings, 50 or more employees Wage and Salary, Full-Year, Ages 21-64, $10,000 or more in annual earnings, 10 or more employees Wage and Salary, Full-Year, Ages 21-64, $10,000 or more in annual earnings, 50 or more employees Wage and Salary, Full-Time, Ages 21-64, $10,000 or more in annual earnings, 10 or more employees Wage and Salary, Full-Time, Ages 21-64, $10,000 or more in annual earnings, 50 or more employees $5,000 or more in annual earnings, 10 or more employees $5,000 or more in annual earnings, 50 or more employees $5,000 or more in annual earnings, 100 or more employees $10,000 or more in annual earnings, 10 or more employees $10,000 or more in annual earnings, 50 or more employees $10,000 or more in annual earnings, 100 or more employees Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute estimates from the 2013 March Current Population Survey.