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2 Foetuses -unborn human more than eight weeks after conception.

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5 Q-What measures are needed to provide quality and affordable healthcare to citizens? Examine. Q-India s largely unorganized healthcare sector is focused on curing sick people rather than preventing sickness itself. Discuss what needs to be done to reform India s healthcare system to make it world class.

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7 Continue The Constitution of India makes health in India the responsibility of state governments, rather than the central federal government. It makes every state responsible for "raising the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties". Article 21 gives the citizens the Right to Life. Directive Principles of State Policy- These include Article 47, 39 and 38, which argue for the need to raise the level of nutrition, enhance standards of living and improve public health. The National Health Policy was endorsed by the Parliament of India in 1983 and updated in The National Health Policy is being worked upon further in According to World Bank, the total expenditure on healthcare as a proportion of GDP in 2014 was 4.7%.

8 A road map for health Intro:-National Health Policy announced by centre- after SC last year, faces the challenging task of ensuring affordable, quality medical care to every citizen. With a 1)-Fifth of the world s disease burden, 2)-A growing incidence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, and 3)-Poor financial arrangements to pay for care, India brings up the rear among the BRICS countries in health sector performance. The policy now offers an opportunity to systematically rectify well-known deficiencies through a stronger National Health Mission. Among the most glaring lacunae is the lack of capacity to use higher levels of public funding for health. Rectifying this in partnership with the States is crucial if the Central government is to make the best use of the targeted government spending of 2.5% of GDP by 2025, up from 1.15% now.

9 Continue Although a major capacity expansion to produce MBBS graduates took place between 2009 and 2015, This is unlikely to meet policy goals since only 11.3% of registered allopathic doctors were working in the public sector as of 2014, and even among these, the number in rural areas was abysmally low. More health professionals need to be deployed for primary care in rural areas. Availability of trained doctors and nurses would help meet the new infant mortality and maternal mortality goals, and build on the gains from higher institutional deliveries, which exceeded 80% in recent years. Contracting of health services from the private sector may be inevitable in the short term, given that about 70% of all outpatient care and 60% of inpatient treatments are provided by it.

10 Conclusion But this requires accountability, both on the quality and cost of care. It should also be mandatory for all health institutions to be accredited, and to publish the approved cost of treatments, in order to remove the prevailing asymmetry of information. For the new policy to start on -the Centre has to get robust health data. Currently this is fragmented because inputs from multiple sources and sample surveys are not reconciled, and the private sector is often not in the picture. To reduce high out-of-pocket spending, early deadlines should be set for public institutions to offer essential medicines and diagnostic tests free to everyone. This was estimated in 2011 to require a spending increase of only 0.4% of GDP, which is with in the 2.5% that the Centre is talking about.

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13 News Analysis Page-1 Calcutta High Court judge C.S. Karnan has refused to accept the bailable warrant issued against him by the Supreme Court in a suo motu contempt of court order. Atrocities Act (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes [Prevention of Atrocities Act], 1989). Is absolutely out of law to the utter embarrassment of a Dalit judge stop further harassments and uphold the dignity and decorum of our courts. Justice Karnan sought a compensation of 14 crore from the seven judges for having stopped his judicial and administrative work. Trivendra Rawat chosen as Uttarakhand CM

14 Page-1, 8 Plastic 10 notes in five cities soon Plastic bank notes are expected to last longer than cotton Over the years, central banks across the world have been exploring solutions for extending the life cycle of bank notes. Under the previous UPA government, Parliament was told in February 2014 about a plan to print one billion plastic notes of 10- The cities selected at the time were Kochi, Mysuru, Jaipur, Shimla and Bhubaneswar. But it s not clear if the same cities will be considered for the upcoming field trials.

15 Continue Page-2 Satluj Yamuna Link Canal (SARYU) or SYL as it is popularly known, is a proposed 214- kilometer long canal in India to connect the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers. However, the proposal met obstacles and was referred to the Supreme Court of India. It defines river water sharing - the states of Punjab and Haryana. The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank (then the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development). The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Ayub Khan. According to this agreement, control over the three "eastern" rivers the Beas, the Ravi and the Sutlej was given to India, three "western" rivers the Indus, the Chenab and the Jhelum to Pakistan The dispute regarding sharing of river water emerged after Punjab was reorganised in 1966, and the state of Haryana was created

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17 Page-5 Conduct divorce hearings via videoconferencing: SC Recent judgment, asked High Courts to pass administrative directions to district and lower courts to open up their videoconferencing facilities so that couples engaged in matrimonial cases need not travel distances, probably even to other States, to personally attend their divorce hearings Three factors 1)-The constitutional scheme to provide women equal access to justice, 2)-The power of the State to make special provisions for women and children and 3)-Duty to uphold the dignity of women.

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19 PAGE-5 Labour code to provide social security cover to all workers- including self-employed and agricultural workers. Even households employing domestic help will also have contribute towards schemes including provident fund and gratuity for the worker. organised sector or the unorganised sector For the first time, we intend to cover agricultural workers along with self-employed people and target to provide social security benefits to 45 crore workers, A National Social Security Council, chaired by the Prime Minister, all the Ministries. Other members would include: Finance Minister, Labour Minister, Health and Family Welfare Minister along with employer and employees representatives. The council will co-ordinate between central and State governments, monitor the implementation of social security schemes.

20 Continue PAGE-8 Supreme Court collegium reserves final call on judges. The Supreme Court Collegium has handed over the finalised Memorandum of Procedure (MoP) for appointment of judges to the government The collegium is learnt to have made it clear that the government will not have a right to reject its recommendation. The body of five seniormost judges of the apex court, headed by Chief Justice of India J.S. Khehar has made it clear that if the government has objections on the ground of national security and public interest, it will convey the same to the collegium. The collegium will then take a final call While accepting the government's demand to set up secretariats in the apex court and the 24 high courts to assist collegiums in SC and HCs in selecting judges, The collegium has refused to accept the demand for committees of retired or sitting judges to assist the collegiums..

21 Continue PAGE-9- Defence Minister Arun Jaitley Long-term supply pact for Sukhoi jets inked In a move to address a longlasting concern of India with respect to Russian-origin military equipment, the two countries on Friday signed two long-term supply agreements for the Sukhoi fighter aircraft fleet of the Indian Air Force (IAF) to address issues of life-cycle support and maintenance Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) from India and the United Aircraft Corporation and United Engine Corporations of Russia at the first India-Russia Military Industrial Conference in the national capital. The Union Home Ministry informed a parliamentary panel earlier this week that it couldn t get qualified IT professionals to fill 35 posts in the National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID), an ambitious intelligence project conceptualised by the United Progressive Alliance government after the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks in 2008.

22 PAGE-10 China and Pakistan step up military ties China appears set to strengthen Pakistani military forces to protect the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and to combat cross-border infiltration by militants in China s western Xinjiang province. PAGE-11 Indian drugmakers face squeeze in U.S. India s small and mediumsized generic drugmakers say the threat of tougher rules and higher barriers for outsiders in the U.S. healthcare market will force many to find a niche or focus their expansion efforts on other countries. India supplies nearly a third of medicines sold in the U.S., the world s largest healthcare market A more protectionist stance by President Donald Trump, with the prospect of import tariffs. U.S. boosting local drug manufacturing

23 PAGE-18 Poet Derek Walcott dies at 87 Derek Walcott, a Nobel Prizewinning poet known for capturing the essence of his native Caribbean Nobel Prize in literature in Omeros, a 64-chapter Caribbean epic it praised as majestic(आल श न)

24 The term is also used by homeopaths and proponents of other forms of alternative medicine to refer to mainstream medical use of pharmacologically active agents or physical interventions to treat or suppress symptoms or pathophysiologic processes of diseases or conditions. Outpatient care, sometimes called ambulatory care, describes medical care or treatment that does not require an overnight stay in a hospital or medical facility. Inpatient care is the care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital