Community Needs Assessment Update. NEMCSA Early Childhood Services Prepared by: Kristen Walcheski Program Operations Manager 10/13/17

Transcription

1 Community Needs Assessment Update NEMCSA Early Childhood Services Prepared by: Kristen Walcheski Program Operations Manager 10/13/17

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3 Report Area Alcona; Alpena; Arenac; Bay; Cheboygan; Clare; Crawford; Gladwin; Huron; Iosco; Lapeer; Mecosta; Midland; Montmorency; Ogemaw; Osceola; Oscoda; Otsego; Presque Isle; Sanilac; Tuscola Demographics Population Current population demographics and changes in demographic composition over time play a determining role in the types of services needed by children and families. Table 1: Population Density Report Area Total Population Total Land Area (Square Miles) Population Density (Per Square Mile) Alcona 10, Alpena 29, Arenac 15, Bay 106, Cheboygan 25, Clare 30, Crawford 13, Gladwin 25, Huron 32, Iosco 25, Lapeer 88, Mecosta 43, Midland 83, Montmorency 9, Ogemaw 21, Osceola 23, Oscoda 8, Otsego 24, Presque Isle 13, Sanilac 42, Tuscola 54, Report Area 726,300 12, Michigan 9,900,571 56, United States 316,515,021 3,532, Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey Source geography: Tract Total Population 726,300 people live in the 12, square mile report area defined for this assessment according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey year estimates. The population density for this area, estimated at persons per square mile, is less than the national average population density of persons per square mile and significantly lower than the State average of population per square mile. Bay, Midland, and Lapeer counties have the highest population density in the service area while Alcona, Montmorency, Oscoda, and Presque Isle have the lowest less than 20 persons per square mile. Page 2 of 26

4 Change in Total Population According to the United States Census Bureau Decennial Census, between 2000 and 2010 the population in the report area fell by 13,477 persons, a change of -1.8%. A significant positive or negative shift in total population over time affects providers and the utilization of community resources. Between 2012 and 2015, the rate of population decrease in the service area is -1%, compared to a 4% increase in the State. Alpena, Montmorency, Ogemaw, and Presque Isle had a decrease greater than 2% while Oscoda saw a 4% decrease. Iosco County saw no Table 2: Change in Total Population Location % Change Michigan 9,883,360 9,895,622 9,909,847 9,922, % Alcona 10,635 10,578 10,424 10, % Alpena 29,234 29,091 28,988 28, % Arenac 15,477 15,487 15,353 15, % Bay 106, , , , % Cheboygan 25,835 25,726 25,675 25, % Clare 30,753 30,569 30,652 30, % Crawford 14,009 13,904 13,745 13, % Gladwin 25,484 25,493 25,411 25, % Huron 32,463 32,224 32,065 31, % Iosco 25,357 25,429 25,420 25, % Lapeer 88,173 88,389 88,153 88, % Mecosta 43,318 43,108 43,186 43, % Midland 83,822 83,919 83,427 83, % Montmorency 9,476 9,350 9,300 9, % Ogemaw 21,437 21,234 21,039 20, % Osceola 23,276 23,259 23,169 23, % Oscoda 8,592 8,379 8,371 8, % Otsego 24,020 24,129 24,158 24, % Presque Isle 13,129 13,062 13,004 12, % Sanilac 42,268 41,823 41,587 41, % Tuscola 54,662 54,263 54,000 53, % Service Area 728, , , , % Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates change in population while Lapeer and Otsego counties saw slight increases in their population over the reporting period. Population Age 0-4 This indicator reports the percentage of children aged 0-4 in the designated geographic area. When planning Head Start and Early Head Start services, it is important to understand the percentage of infants and young children in the community. Page 3 of 26

5 Table 3: Population: Age 0-4 Location % Change Michigan 575, , , , % Alcona % Alpena 1,403 1,370 1,323 1, % Arenac % Bay 5,828 5,702 5,493 5, % Cheboygan 1,086 1,051 1, % Clare 1,752 1,725 1,665 1, % Crawford % Gladwin 1,186 1,173 1,201 1, % Huron 1,552 1,490 1,502 1, % Iosco 1,034 1,122 1,156 1, % Lapeer 4,305 4,287 4,220 4, % Mecosta 2,150 2,026 2,084 2, % Midland 4,420 4,546 4,324 4, % Montmorency % Ogemaw % Osceola 1,338 1,344 1,317 1, % Oscoda % Otsego 1,348 1,376 1,297 1, % Presque Isle % Sanilac 2,346 2,230 2,217 2, % Tuscola 2,890 2,687 2,708 2, % Service Area 36,494 35,860 35,198 34, % Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates Unlike the numbers for the general population where Michigan showed a slight increase over the reporting period, the 0-4 population decreased. The same is true for the NEMCSA service area where the 0-4 population has declined 4%. Two counties actually had double-digit decreases in this population Crawford (-11.8%) and Oscoda (-12.1%). Iosco County actually showed a significant increase of 57 children age 0-4 an increase of 15.2%. Live Births: The number of live births has been generally declining over the period illustrated in table. When comparing 2012 numbers with 2015 number, Michigan s birthrate is down by 60 infants (-0.1%) while the service area is actually down by 95 infants (1.3%). Some counties did experience an increase in births, ranging from Iosco, an increase of 7.4% (16 births), to Alpena with 0.8% increase (2 births). Bay and Arenac counties experienced the greatest loss of the 0-4 population, down 6.9% and 6.2% respectively a combined 85 fewer children. Community Safety: Child Abuse and Neglect 2015 saw a significant increase in the rate of children 0-5 years of age who were confirmed as victims of child abuse or neglect an increase of 21.2% (3,332 children) in the State and 22.5% (287 children) in Page 4 of 26

6 the overall service area when comparing numbers to Differences in the number of confirmed cases between were also significant 2,601 in Michigan and 176 within the program s 21- county service area. Only three counties, Alcona, Midland, and Sanilac, had lower rates of increase than the State for this indicator. However, Midland still saw an increase of 7.1% over 2011 and Alcona an increase of 60%. All remaining counties had higher rates than the State with three significantly higher Crawford County s numbers doubled for an increase of 100%; Huron had an increase of 118.2%; and Gladwin was up 230.8%. Five counties had a decrease in rates Cheboygan, Mecosta, Ogemaw, Osceola, and Sanilac. Table 4: Confirmed Victims of Abuse and Neglect, 0-5 Years Location Data Type % Change in Number Michigan Number 15,748 15,984 16,646 16,479 19, % Rate Alcona Number % Rate * Alpena Number % Rate Arenac Number % Rate Bay Number % Rate Cheboygan Number % Rate Clare Number % Rate Crawford Number % Rate Gladwin Number % Rate Huron Number % Rate Iosco Number % Rate Page 5 of 26

7 Location Data Type % Change in Number Lapeer Number % Rate Mecosta Number % Rate Midland Number % Rate Montmorency Number % Rate Ogemaw Number % Rate Osceola Number % Rate Oscoda Number % Rate Otsego Number % Rate Presque Isle Number % Rate Sanilac Number % Rate Tuscola Number % Rate Service Area Number % Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Protective Services. Out-of-Home Placements due to Abuse and Neglect: 0-5 Years Directly correlating with an increase in confirmed cases of abuse and neglect, there has also been an increase in the number of out-of-home placements due to abuse and neglect. However, the service area has seen an increase in this population of 47% when comparing 2015 to 2011 whereas the State increase was only 14.9%. Page 6 of 26

8 Six counties had a rate of increase of total number of out-of-home placements of 100% or more, with Montmorency County up 700%. Cheboygan had a reduced number of out-of-home placements, dropping by 40.9%. Table 5: Out-of-Home Placement due to Abuse/Neglect Years Location Data Type % change in Number Michigan Number 4,901 4,701 4,756 4,732 5, % Rate Alcona Number % Rate * * 22.4 * 21 Alpena Number % Rate Arenac Number % Rate Bay Number % Rate Cheboygan Number % Rate Clare Number % Rate Crawford Number % Rate Gladwin Number % Rate Huron Number % Rate * Iosco Number % Rate Lapeer Number % Rate Mecosta Number % Rate Midland Number % Rate Montmorency Number % Rate * * * Page 7 of 26

9 Location Data Type % change in Number Ogemaw Number % Rate Osceola Number % Rate Oscoda Number % Rate 17.3 * * Otsego Number % Rate Presque Isle Number % Rate 14.8 * * Sanilac Number % Rate Tuscola Number % Rate Service Area Number % Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Services management Information System. Population estimates are from the Census Bureau. Social Economic Factors Poverty, unemployment, and lack of educational achievement affect access to services and a community s ability to engage in healthy behaviors. Without a network of support and a safe community, families cannot thrive. Ensuring access to social and economic resources provides a foundation for a healthy community. Children Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch This indicator is relevant because it assesses vulnerable populations that are more likely to have multiple health access, health status, and social support needs. Within the report area, 50,562 public school students or 50.2% are eligible for Free/Reduced Price lunch out of 100,716 total students enrolled. In Michigan as a whole, 46.62% are eligible, with only four counties in the service area having fewer than the State average Bay, Lapeer, Midland, and Otsego. Page 8 of 26

10 Table 6: Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch Report Area Total Students Number Free/Reduced Price Lunch Eligible Percent Free/Reduced Price Lunch Eligible Report Area 100,716 50, % Alcona % Alpena 3,970 2, % Arenac 2,211 1, % Bay 14,340 6, % Cheboygan 2,954 1, % Clare 4,383 2, % Crawford 1, % Gladwin 2,934 1, % Huron 4,763 2, % Iosco 3,494 2, % Lapeer 12,825 5, % Mecosta 6,042 2, % Midland 12,119 4, % Montmorency % Ogemaw 2,465 1, % Osceola 4,147 2, % Oscoda % Otsego 3,685 1, % Presque Isle 1, % Sanilac 6,615 3, % Tuscola 8,205 4, % Michigan 1,491, , % United States 50,436,641 26,213, % Data Source: National Center for Education Statistics, NCES - Common Core of Data Source geography: Address Percent Students Eligible for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Report Area (50.2%) Michigan (46.62%) United States (52.12%) State-Funded Preschool Programs After a significant expansion in the year 2015, Great Start Readiness Program (GSRP) expansion has leveled off. However, between FY 2017 and FY 2018, there was still an increase of 376 total slots, or 7.16%. These additional slots are reflected across seven Intermediate School District areas. Page 9 of 26

11 Table 7: State Funded Preschool Programs ISD Alpena-Montmorency-Alcona ESD FY 2013 Allocation FY 2014 Allocation FY 2015 Allocation FY 2016 Allocation FY 2017 Allocations FY 2018 Allocations Increase Increase FY 2013 FY 2015 FY 2018 FY 2018 # % # % % % Bay-Arenac ISD % % Cheboygan-Otsego-Presque Isle ESD % % Clare-Gladwin RESA % % Huron ISD % % Iosco RESA % % Lapeer ISD % % Mecosta-Osceola ISD % % Midland County ESA % % C.O.O.R. ISD % % Sanilac ISD % % Tuscola ISD % % Wexford-Missaukee ISD % % Service Area Totals 2,677 4,449 5,252 5,485 5,609 5, % % Child Care Along with a decrease in the 0-4 population, there has also been a decrease in the availability of childcare for this age group. Many counties within the NEMCSA service area saw a decrease between 2015 and 2017 as much as 50% fewer slots in Arenac alone. Overall, 120 fewer slots are available in the service area, even with an 11.1% (183 slots) gain in the county of Lapeer. Table 8: Available Child Care for 0-4 Year Olds Location % Change Michigan 316, % Alcona % Alpena % Arenac % Bay 3,552 3,668 3, % Cheboygan % Clare % Crawford % Gladwin % Page 10 of 26

12 Huron 1,111 1,256 1, % Iosco % Lapeer 1,647 1,686 1, % Mecosta 1,001 1,048 1, % Midland 3,273 3,564 3, % Montmorency % Ogemaw % Osceola % Oscoda % Otsego % Presque Isle % Sanilac % Tuscola 1,318 1,300 1, % Service Area % Source: Michigan Great Start to Quality Income Median Family Income This indicator reports median family income based on the latest 5-year American Community Survey estimates. A family household is any housing unit in which the householder is living with one or more individuals related to him or her by birth, marriage, or adoption. Family income includes the incomes of all family members age 15 and older. In Michigan, Median Household Income has risen 9.1% since All counties in the service area, with the exception of one, also showed an increase in this indicator. Ten counties had an equal or higher rate of increase, with Iosco and Osceola having the greatest at 16.1% and 16% respectively. Arenac County actually saw a decrease in their Median Household Income - $37,120 in 2015 down from $37,330 in Table 9: Median Household Income Location % Change Michigan 46,793 48,200 49,755 51, % Alcona 37,443 36,334 36,377 37, % Alpena 37,330 38,784 38,121 40, % Page 11 of 26

13 Location % Change Arenac 37,924 38,201 36,460 37, % Bay 44,242 42,305 46,061 46, % Cheboygan 37,610 37,949 41,930 41, % Clare 32,274 33,605 34,655 33, % Crawford 37,169 37,627 41,101 40, % Gladwin 37,442 35,049 39,721 40, % Huron 40,459 41,044 41,678 45, % Iosco 34,343 36,103 37,122 39, % Lapeer 51,627 53,506 51,510 57, % Mecosta 39,253 39,764 41,572 41, % Midland 53,208 53,007 51,629 59, % Montmorency 34,336 33,742 37,961 37, % Ogemaw 33,769 34,778 35,968 37, % Osceola 36,023 38,407 40,235 41, % Oscoda 33,046 31,094 33,975 36, % Otsego 48,242 47,016 44,693 50, % Presque Isle 38,019 38,648 39,420 41, % Sanilac 39,315 41,502 42,081 41, % Tuscola 42,165 41,441 43,186 45, % Data Source: U. S. Census Bureau and Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) web site. Per Capita Income The per capita income for the report area is $23,501. This includes all reported income from wages and salaries as well as income from self-employment, interest or dividends, public assistance, retirement, and other sources. The per capita income in this report area is the average (mean) income computed for every man, woman, and child in the specified area. Per capita income in the service area is less than that of the State, with only one county higher Midland. Lowest per capita income in the service area is Clare County. Page 12 of 26

14 Table 10: Per Capita Income Report Area Total Per Capita Total Income ($) Population Income ($) Report Area 726,300 $17,068,924,400 $23,501 Alcona 10,550 $252,490,100 $23,932 Alpena 29,068 $641,874,100 $22,081 Arenac 15,424 $326,943,800 $21,197 Bay 106,698 $2,608,194,200 $24,444 Cheboygan 25,690 $607,070,100 $23,630 Clare 30,710 $589,045,800 $19,180 Crawford 13,895 $313,960,300 $22,595 Gladwin 25,501 $541,481,100 $21,233 Huron 32,290 $754,997,000 $23,381 Iosco 25,401 $596,571,500 $23,486 Lapeer 88,235 $2,159,783,500 $24,477 Mecosta 43,301 $883,545,100 $20,404 Midland 83,624 $2,523,074,700 $30,171 Montmorency 9,401 $195,269,800 $20,771 Ogemaw 21,222 $445,070,400 $20,972 Osceola 23,234 $446,215,300 $19,205 Oscoda 8,444 $164,822,800 $19,519 Otsego 24,141 $621,458,600 $25,742 Presque Isle 13,037 $307,025,800 $23,550 Sanilac 42,014 $897,999,800 $21,373 Tuscola 54,420 $1,192,030,600 $21,904 Michigan 9,900,571 $263,420,822,500 $26,606 United States 316,515,021 $9,156,731,836,300 $28,929 Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey Source geography: Tract Per Capita Income ($) Report Area (23,501) Michigan (26,606) United States (28,929) Public Assistance Income This indicator reports the percentage of children 0-5 years receiving public assistance income. Public assistance income includes general assistance and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Separate payments received for hospital or other medical care (vendor payments) are excluded. This does not include Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or noncash benefits such as Food Stamps. The overall rates of children in this age group receiving public assistance has been declining. Between 2012 and 2015, there was a decrease of 60.9% in the State and 52.1% in the service area. Even though public assistance rates for this population in the NEMCSA service area declined at a lesser rate than the Page 13 of 26

15 State, seven counties within the service area had rates of decrease higher than Michigan. These ranged from Montmorency down 61.1% to Oscoda being down 72.7%. Table 11: Children 0-5 Receiving FIP/Public Assistance Location Data Type Michigan Number 48,706 30,961 25,238 19,061 Percent 6.90% 4.40% 3.60% 2.80% Alcona Number Percent 5.20% 4.20% 6.70% 2.60% Alpena Number Percent 7.20% 4.20% 3.80% 2.50% Arenac Number Percent 3.20% 3.90% 3.40% 3.00% Bay Number Percent 5.20% 3.70% 3.90% 3.20% Cheboygan Number Percent 4.00% 3.40% 3.00% 2.30% Clare Number Percent 7.60% 5.50% 4.20% 3.50% Crawford Number Percent 6.70% 3.40% 6.20% 2.90% Gladwin Number Percent 4.20% 3.50% 3.60% 2.40% Huron Number Percent 3.60% 2.40% 2.20% 2.00% Iosco Number Percent 6.30% 4.00% 3.60% 3.50% Lapeer Number Percent 2.50% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% Mecosta Number Percent 3.70% 3.20% 2.40% 2.60% Midland Number Percent 2.10% 1.50% 1.40% 1.30% Montmorency Number Percent 4.00% 3.20% 2.90% 1.70% % Change % -52.4% -68.0% -14.8% -43.9% -50.0% -57.1% -62.3% -44.4% -47.1% -39.7% -64.5% -35.4% -40.9% -61.1% Page 14 of 26

16 Location Data Type Ogemaw Number Percent 8.20% 5.60% 4.40% 4.10% Osceola Number Percent 4.00% 2.70% 1.50% 2.00% Oscoda Number Percent 6.30% 4.70% 2.50% 1.90% Otsego Number Percent 3.30% 2.60% 2.10% 1.50% Presque Isle Number Percent 4.80% 2.60% 2.10% 1.40% Sanilac Number Percent 4.00% 2.30% 1.90% 1.60% Tuscola Number Percent 4.00% 2.80% 2.10% 1.90% % Change % -55.1% -72.7% -57.1% -72.4% -63.2% -57.7% Service Area Number % Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics-Table 67. Health Insurance Population Receiving Medicaid This indicator reports the percentage of the population with insurance enrolled in Medicaid (or other means-tested public health insurance). This indicator is relevant because it assesses vulnerable populations that are more likely to have multiple health access, health status, and social support needs. The 21-county service area percentage of population enrolled in Medicaid is 23.9% - just slightly higher than Michigan at 22.49%. Thirteen counties have higher rates of Medicaid enrollees than the State average. Page 15 of 26

17 Table 12: Percent of Insured Population Receiving Medicaid Total Population Population Population (For Whom with Any Report Area Receiving Insurance Health Medicaid Status is Insurance Determined) Percent of Insured Population Receiving Medicaid Report Area 718, , , % Alcona 10,454 9,355 2, % Alpena 28,703 25,278 6, % Arenac 15,255 13,648 3, % Bay 105,742 96,620 22, % Cheboygan 25,387 22,028 6, % Clare 30,387 26,054 8, % Crawford 13,713 12,505 3, % Gladwin 25,275 21,954 6, % Huron 31,921 28,813 6, % Iosco 25,079 22,256 6, % Lapeer 86,725 78,472 15, % Mecosta 43,073 38,221 9, % Midland 83,011 76,277 13, % Montmorency 9,289 8,090 2, % Ogemaw 20,952 18,645 5, % Osceola 22,972 19,785 5, % Oscoda 8,401 6,946 2, % Otsego 23,956 21,517 4, % Presque Isle 12,877 11,503 2, % Sanilac 41,718 36,238 8, % Tuscola 53,502 48,130 11, % Michigan 9,789,145 8,845,904 1,989, % United States 311,516, ,070,101 57,557, % Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey Source geography: Tract Percent of Insured Population Receiving Medicaid Report Area (23.9%) Michigan (22.49%) United States (21.23%) Uninsured Adults This indicator reports the percentage of adults age 18 to 64 without health insurance coverage. In Michigan, 8.71% of persons in this age group are uninsured. In the service area, 8.99%, just slightly Page 16 of 26

18 higher than the State, are uninsured. The majority of counties have higher rates than the State average as high as 12.37% in Oscoda. Bay, Midland, and Tuscola Counties have lower rates. Table 13: Percent Population Without Medical Insurance Percent Population Population Total Population with Without Report Area Population With Medical Medical Age Medical Insurance Insurance Insurance Percent Population Without Medical Insurance Report Area 421, , % 37, % Alcona 5,298 4, % % Alpena 16,824 15, % 1, % Arenac 8,901 8, % % Bay 63,747 58, % 4, % Cheboygan 14,391 12, % 1, % Clare 17,633 15, % 1, % Crawford 7,892 7, % % Gladwin 13,860 12, % 1, % Huron 18,049 16, % 1, % Iosco 13,800 12, % 1, % Lapeer 53,774 49, % 4, % Mecosta 24,535 22, % 2, % Midland 50,780 47, % 3, % Montmorency 5,056 4, % % Ogemaw 11,867 10, % 1, % Osceola 13,133 11, % 1, % Oscoda 4,552 3, % % Otsego 14,102 12, % 1, % Presque Isle 6,936 6, % % Sanilac 23,984 21, % 2, % Tuscola 32,169 29, % 2, % Michigan 6,010,062 5,486, % 523, % United States 194,584, ,884, % 25,700, % Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Source geography: County Percent Population Age Without Medical Insurance Report Area (8.99%) Michigan (8.71%) United States (13.21%) Uninsured Children This indicator reports the percentage of children under age 19 without health insurance coverage in In Michigan, 3.2% of this population is without coverage, a percentage change of -26.6% from For the service area, 4.13% of this population is without coverage, a percentage rate of change of -19.9%. One county, Osceola, actually saw a.3% increase in uninsured children. All counties, with the exception of Bay and Midland, have a higher percentage of children who are uninsured than the State. Page 17 of 26

19 Table14: Children 0-18 Uninsured Location Data Type Michigan Alcona Alpena Arenac Bay Cheboygan Clare Crawford Gladwin Huron Iosco Lapeer Mecosta Midland Montmorency Ogemaw Osceola Oscoda Number 100, ,298 91,070 73,997 Percent 4.30% 4.30% 4.00% 3.20% Number Percent 6.80% 7.80% 7.10% 6.10% Number Percent 4.90% 4.90% 5.00% 4.40% Number Percent 5.60% 6.00% 5.50% 4.90% Number Percent 3.90% 3.50% 3.70% 3.20% Number Percent 5.70% 6.00% 6.00% 4.60% Number Percent 4.80% 5.00% 5.60% 5.00% Number Percent 4.70% 5.20% 4.70% 4.00% Number Percent 5.30% 5.20% 5.50% 4.70% Number Percent 5.10% 5.80% 5.30% 5.20% Number Percent 5.00% 5.00% 4.80% 4.10% Number 1,017 1, Percent 4.80% 4.90% 4.00% 3.80% Number Percent 4.90% 4.80% 4.80% 3.70% Number Percent 4.20% 3.70% 3.90% 3.00% Number Percent 5.80% 7.20% 6.10% 5.60% Number Percent 5.60% 5.70% 5.50% 5.20% Number Percent 5.60% 5.90% 5.20% 6.00% Number Percent 6.30% 7.70% 7.30% 5.90% % change % -17.9% -16.4% -18.9% -22.7% -29.8% -1.6% -22.0% -14.3% -2.3% -20.6% -25.4% -29.1% -31.8% -12.1% -14.0% 0.3% -16.2% Otsego Number % Page 18 of 26

20 Location Data Type Percent 4.80% 5.30% 5.00% 4.40% Presque Isle Number Percent 5.50% 7.30% 6.40% 5.30% Sanilac Number Percent 5.40% 6.20% 6.50% 5.40% Tuscola Number Percent 4.80% 4.30% 4.70% 3.30% Service Area Number 7,668 7,692 7,263 6,143 Percent 4.83% 4.93% 4.77% 4.13% % change % -6.2% -35.9% -19.9% Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Source geography: County Population Receiving SNAP Benefits (ACS) This indicator reports the estimated percentage of households receiving the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. The NEMCSA service area has a slightly higher percentage of households receiving SNAP benefits (17.09%) than the State (16.73%), but significantly higher than the nation (13.17%). There are only five counties in the service area with a rate lower than the State, with the remainder of them higher. Rates of households receiving SNAP benefits range from 12.95% in Presque Isle to a high of 25.09% in Ogemaw. Page 19 of 26

21 Table 15: Percent Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area Total Households Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Percent Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area 295,538 50, % Alcona 5, % Alpena 12,722 2, % Arenac 6,447 1, % Bay 43,565 7, % Cheboygan 11,223 2, % Clare 13,255 3, % Crawford 5,954 1, % Gladwin 10,960 2, % Huron 13,805 1, % Iosco 11,343 2, % Lapeer 32,682 4, % Mecosta 15,478 2, % Midland 33,617 4, % Montmorency 4, % Ogemaw 9,434 2, % Osceola 8,757 1, % Oscoda 3, % Otsego 9,956 1, % Presque Isle 5, % Sanilac 16,280 2, % Tuscola 21,304 3, % Michigan 3,841, , % United States 116,926,305 15,399, % Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey Source geography: Tract Percent Households Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area (17.09%) Michigan (16.73%) United States (13.17%) Educational Attainment 27.36% of the population aged 25 and older in the service area, or 140,842 have obtained an Associate's level degree or higher, in comparison to Michigan where 35.88% have obtained an Associate s level degree or higher. A similar comparison can be made when looking at Bachelor s degrees where 17.71% in the service area have obtained this level of education in comparison to 26.93% in Michigan. Midland County has the greatest percentage of Associate and Bachelor degrees. Page 20 of 26

22 Table 16: Educational Attainment Geographic Area No High School Diploma Associates Bachelors Alcona Alpena Arenac Bay Cheboygan Clare Crawford Gladwin Huron Iosco Lapeer Mecosta Midland Montmorency Ogemaw Osceola Oscoda Otsego Presque Isle Sanilac Tuscola Service Area Michigan Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, The differences between Michigan and the service area are not as great when looking at adults without a high school diploma 10.42% in Michigan and just slightly higher at 11.03% in the service area. However, Clare and Montmorency County have over 15% each without a high school diploma. Midland County has the lowest average on non-high school graduates at 6.52% without a high school diploma. Poverty - Population Below 100% FPL Within the report area, 15.1% or 34,848 individuals were living in households with income below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) in Of the 0-4 population, 27.9%, or 9,709 were living in home below the FPL. Specifically looking at the 0-4 population, 16 counties within the service area have higher than the State average of children in poverty. However, there has been an overall decline of 1,583 (-14%) children 0-4 year in poverty since Ten counties within the service area saw a reduction of this population at a higher rate as high as -25.9% in Cheboygan, -26.9% in Osceola, and -25.8% in Otsego. The loss in these three counties accounted for 388 potentially eligible Head Start and Early Head Start children nearly 25% of the overall reduction for the service area. Arenac County had no change in this population while Tuscola County had the only increase an additional 5.2% of children 0-4 in poverty. Page 21 of 26

23 Table17: Change in Poverty (See appendix for full data chart) Location Change in Population in Poverty Percent Change Population in Poverty Change in 0-4 Population in Poverty Percent Change in 0-4 in Poverty Michigan -153, % -22, % Alcona % % Alpena % % Arenac % 0 0.0% Bay % % Cheboygan % % Clare % % Crawford % % Gladwin % % Huron -1, % % Iosco % % Lapeer % % Mecosta % % Midland -1, % % Montmorency % % Ogemaw % % Osceola % % Oscoda % % Otsego % % Presque Isle % % Sanilac % % Tuscola % % Service Area -6, % -1, % Unemployment Rate Total unemployment in the report area for the month of July 2017 was 22,128 or 6.7% of the civilian non-institutionalized population age 16 and older (non-seasonally adjusted). This is a higher rate than the State as a whole, which was 5.8%, and the country at 5.2%. Eleven counties within the service area had higher rates than the State. Rates ranged from a low of 4.8% in Cheboygan to a high of 9.6% in Montmorency. Page 22 of 26

24 Table 18: Unemployment Rate Report Area Labor Number Number Unemployment Force Employed Unemployed Rate Report Area 332, ,561 22, Alcona 4,033 3, Alpena 13,601 12, Arenac 6,331 5, Bay 52,412 49,187 3, Cheboygan 11,849 11, Clare 12,032 11, Crawford 5,484 5, Gladwin 10,125 9, Huron 16,854 15,853 1, Iosco 10,520 9, Lapeer 41,252 38,346 2,906 7 Mecosta 18,700 17,440 1, Midland 41,432 39,245 2, Montmorency 3,236 2, Ogemaw 8,537 7, Osceola 10,650 9, Oscoda 3,135 2, Otsego 12,275 11, Presque Isle 5,641 5, Sanilac 20,214 18,852 1, Tuscola 24,376 22,623 1, Michigan 4,891,813 4,608, , United States 161,376, ,992,568 8,384, Data Source: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics July. Source geography: County Unemployment Rate Report Area (6.7) Michigan (5.8) United States (5.2) Work, School, and Training Schedules of Parents of Children Birth to Five Years Between March and September 2017, NEMCSA staff surveyed 3064 eligible and potentially eligible families about their work and school schedules. Of the 3064 respondents, 2,882 were found to be residents of the 21-county service area. The remainder of the respondent data was discarded. Of the total respondents, 63% had a child currently enrolled in Head Start or Early Head Start and the remaining 37% did not. Page 23 of 26

25 Appendix Page 24 of 26

26 Location % General Population in Poverty Population 0-4 Persons in Poverty: General Population and Children Age Change from 2012 to 2015 Age 0-4 in Poverty % Age 0-4 in Poverty % General Population in Poverty Population Under Age 5 Age 0-4 in Poverty % Age 0-4 in Poverty % Change Population in Poverty Change in 0-4 Population in Poverty Michigan 17.4% 573, , % 15.4% 571, , % -9.1% -22, % Alcona 16.0% % 15.6% % -4.0% % Alpena 17.1% 1, % 16.0% 1, % -6.5% % Arenac 18.6% % 19.8% % 6.7% 0 0.0% Bay 13.7% 5,824 1, % 14.3% 5,360 1, % 4.8% % Cheboygan 18.6% 1, % 17.3% % -6.8% % Clare 24.7% 1, % 24.3% 1, % -0.9% % Crawford 19.7% % 16.9% % -14.0% % Gladwin 19.0% 1, % 19.6% 1, % 2.7% % Huron 15.3% 1, % 11.5% 1, % -25.1% % Iosco 17.0% 1, % 15.8% 1, % -5.8% % Lapeer 10.6% 4, % 9.8% 4, % -5.5% % Mecosta 22.0% 2, % 19.6% 2, % -3.6% % Midland 12.9% 4, % 11.3% 4, % -11.4% % Montmorency 18.0% % 17.9% % -1.1% % Ogemaw 21.3% % 19.1% % -11.3% % Osceola 21.9% 1, % 18.3% 1, % -15.7% % Oscoda 21.2% % 20.4% % -7.0% % Otsego 14.0% 1, % 11.9% 1, % -13.0% % Presque Isle 14.0% % 13.4% % -5.6% % Sanilac 17.5% 2, % 16.5% 2, % -6.4% % Tuscola 15.5% 2, % 15.2% 2, % -1.4% % Service Area 16.1% 36,532 11, % 15.1% 34,848 9, % -5.4% -1, % Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates % Change in 0-4 in Poverty Page 25 of 26

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