INSURANCE: Ali Ghufron Mukti. Master in Health Financing Policy and Health Insurance management Gadjah Mada University
|
|
- Belinda Evans
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH INSURANCE: EQUITY AND FAIR FINANCING Ali Ghufron Mukti Master in Health Financing Policy and Health Insurance management Gadjah Mada University 1
2 Interpretation of the equity concept Many ypossible interpretation of equity in health? 1. Equal resources or use of services Everyone should receive the same services or have the same resources spent on health (is it efficient, i since health needs differ widely) 2. Equal health Does every one have a right to equal health? (some look after themselves less well than the others) -> 3. Fair inning We might set a target age which people are in some way entitled to reach, what happen for people whose genetic inheritance predispose them to early death? 2
3 Interpretation of the equity concept 4. Equal access/utilization according to need Some income redistribution would be needed to ensure that the real cost of using services is evened out between income groups Equal treatment for equal needs, horizontal equity= people with the same problems be treated in the same say Vertical equity? How to treat people with different health problems 3
4 Interpretation of the equity concept 5. Treatment according to capacity to benefit This goes beyond needs to the question of whether someone is likely to benefit from treatment. It will depend both on the availability of effective technologies and the characteristics of the patient which make successful treatment likely or unlikely 4
5 We also have a term for equity in relation to the philosophical concepts : Egalitarian equity (you get what you need, regardless of your socio-economic status) Libertarian equity (you get what you pay for) it relates with your payment 5
6 EQUITY IN HEALTH Which interpretation of equity is valid and acceptable? Here, we will seek to define equity in health, by defining two central concepts: Equity in delivery Equity in financingi 6
7 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL REPRESENTATION OF SOCIETY (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Horizontal dimension Group 1 Group 2 Vertica al dimens sion Group 3 Group N 7
8 Check this Two civil servants with different rank, basic salary, and take home income Low rank salary High rank salary $ 120 $ 200 Contribution of = $ 2.40 = $ % Actual earning $ 240 $ 600 Actual burden 1% 0.7% Benefits Same About the same, but may have higher utilization 8
9 Out of pocket burden: inpatient costs/household monthly expenditure by income groups Indonesian example (Thabrany, 2003) 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1, Burden (x HHE) 1 0,5 0 Decile3 Decile2 Decile1 Decile4 Decile5 Decile10 Decile9 Decile8 Decile7 Decile6 Income deciles 9
10 THE PROBLEMS WITH UNIVERSAL PROVISION: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA The allocation of public subsidies for health 180 MONTH CAPITA PER RUPIAH PER INCOME DECILE HOSPITAL SUBSIDY PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER SUBSIDY 10
11 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL REPRESENTATION OF SOCIETY The two questions that concern us: Delivery in relation to health need Financing in relation to ability to pay 11
12 Horizontal equity EQUITY IN DELIVERY (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Health care delivery system is horizontally equitable if all people with equal need for health care are equally likely to obtain the same type of health care. Equal treatment of equals (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Vertical equity A health care delivery system is vertically equitable if people with greater need for health care are more likely to obtain care than those with a lower need. More health care for those with more need 12
13 EQUITY IN DELIVERY: EXAMPLE 1 (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Quintile Population People with health problem Percent of all people People obtaining health care Percent of those with problem obtaining care 1 4, % % 2 4, % % 3 4, % % 4 4, % % 5 4, % % Total 20,000 1, % % Assume that people in all quintiles have health problem of equal severity. Can we say that there is horizontal equity in delivery? 13
14 EQUITY IN DELIVERY: EXAMPLE 2 (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Illness People with health problem Percent of all people p with health problem People obtaining health care Percent of those with problem obtaining care Common Cold 1,000 26% % Flu % % Tuberculosis % 40 27% AIDS % 20 17% Total 1, % % Assume that illnesses severity varies, and that people p are sorted in ascending order of severity. Can we say that there is vertical equity in delivery? No: sicker people are less likely to obtain health care than those with less severe problems. 14
15 EQUITY IN DELIVERY: POSSIBLE CASES (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Equitable Horizontal equity Inequitable uitable Equ Ideal Second or third best Ineq quitable Second or third best Worst 15
16 EQUITY IN FINANCING Possible sources of financing: 1. Out-of-pocket payments by patients 2. Insurance premiums-market system 3. Health social security payments (social health insurance) 4. Taxes (some of which are used by the government to subsidize health care) 5. Others : - community health financing - donor agency etc 16
17 EQUITY IN FINANCING: THE 4 SOURCES OF FINANCING (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Government Health insurance Social security administration Provider payment Provider payment (4) taxes Health care providers (2) Premiums (1) Out-of-pocket payments (3) Contributions Members of society 17
18 EQUITY IN FINANCING (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Horizontal equity Horizontal equity in financing is when people with equal ability to pay make equal payments for health care Equal payments by equals Vertical equity A health system is vertically equitable when payment and ability to pay are positively correlated Greater ability to pay higher payment Smaller ability to pay lower payment To some, a financing system is considered to be vertically equitable if those with greater ability to pay contribute a greater share of their income to pay for health care ( progressive financing.) 18
19 DOES EQUALITY OF HEALTH STATUS IMPLY EQUITY IN DELIVERY OR IN FINANCING? (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Should a health system could be considered equitable if all citizens had the same health status No. Too many factors other than health care influence health status. Still, although health status is an incomplete and sometimes misleading measure of equity in health, it is an important input in design of targeting policies and in design and evaluation of social welfare programs. 19
20 ARE EQUITY AND EQUALITY SYNONYMOUS? (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Some think that: Inequity will not necessarily arise as a result of differences in consumption levels among individuals, but will always be present when consumption by any one individual or group is below a minimum socially acceptable MINIMUM SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE = EQUITY GAP = HEALTH CARE 20
21 ARE EQUITY AND EQUALITY SYNONYMOUS? (Bitran & Associates, 2003). In other words, some think that: As long as everybody has access to a minimum health benefits package, there is equity. If some have access to more than the minimum, there is inequality, but the system is still equitable. MINIMUM SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE = CONSUMPTION ABOVE MINIMUM = CONSUMPTION ABOVE MINIMUM = HEALTH CARE 21
22 INCIDENCE ANALYSIS: WHO PAYS AND WHO BENEFITS? (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Van Doorslaer et al.: Who pays for health care and who receives how much health care? Who pays for government health care subsidies and who benefits from these subsidies? Equity in delivery and financing: incidence in delivery and financing Incidence as a measurement that helps us judge equity 22
23 WHO GETS THE BENEFITS? (Bitran & Associates, 2003). One question: who is getting the benefits of governmentsubsidized health services? First: we need to define who the target or intedended beneficiaries of government subsidies are Natural (and correct) to assume that beneficiaries are the poor the non-poor can look after themselves And we need to measure progressivity Who is poor? Poverty line; the 40% poorest Progressivity: A program is progressive in delivery of benefits if the share of benefits e received ed by each income group drops as income increases 23
24 EXAMPLE OF PROGRESSIVITY IN BENEFITS (Bitran & Associates, 2003). Population group Percent of total population Cumulative percent of population Percent of program benefits going to each population group Program 1 Program 2 Percent of program benefits going to Cumulative percentage of benefits each population group Cumulative percentage of benefits Quintile Quintile Quintile Quintile Quintile Which of the two programs is more progressive in the delivery of benefits? 24
25 WHAT IS A FAIR ALLOCATION? (Bitran & Associates, 2003). To assess incidence in delivery: need conceptual framework for what a fair allocation of subsidies would be Previous definition of progressivity is somewhat vague: the poor have a lesser ability to buy services and also tend to be sicker Horizontal or vertical equity in the delivery of health care: to assess incidence in relation to need Illness concentration index 25
26 Equity Checklist Resources The funding base: is it progressive or regressive? What proportion of household disposable income (after tax) is being spent on health? Is there evidence of inability to pay for fees, drugs etc (borrowing: non-use of services, alternative strategies?) What is the balance between private and public funding of health care in general? 26
27 Resources Equity Checklist Is there evidence of differential use of services by different income groups, adjusted for need? Is the allocation of resources between regions carried out according to the need? Are exemption mechanisms for fees/drugs or differential charges being targeted effectively at those in most need? 27
28 Infrastructure Equity Checklist Are services evenly distributed in different parts of the country, or according to the need? Is the quality of services even between different areas? Are supplies, drugs, manpower, etc. equally available 28
29 Health Status Equity Checklist Are there significant variations in health indicators between income groups, the sexes, ethnic minorities or other significant groups? 29
Universal Health Coverage Assessment. Republic of the Fiji Islands. Wayne Irava. Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE)
Universal Health Coverage Assessment Republic of the Fiji Islands Wayne Irava Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE) July 2015 1 Universal Health Coverage Assessment: Republic of the Fiji Islands Prepared
More informationTax and fairness. Background Paper for Session 2 of the Tax Working Group
Tax and fairness Background Paper for Session 2 of the Tax Working Group This paper contains advice that has been prepared by the Tax Working Group Secretariat for consideration by the Tax Working Group.
More informationBenefits Extension of Health Insurance in South Korea: Impacts and Future Prospects
Benefits Extension of Health Insurance in South Korea: Impacts and Future Prospects Asia Health Policy Program Stanford University Jan 27, 2015 Soonman KWON (School of Public Health, Seoul Nat. Univ.)
More informationJohn Hills The distribution of welfare. Book section (Accepted version)
John Hills The distribution of welfare Book section (Accepted version) Original citation: Originally published in: Alcock, Pete, Haux, Tina, May, Margaret and Wright, Sharon, (eds.) The Student s Companion
More informationCIE Economics A-level
CIE Economics A-level Topic 3: Government Microeconomic Intervention b) Equity and policies towards income and wealth redistribution Notes In the absence of government intervention, the market mechanism
More informationFiscal Incidence Analysis. B. Essama-Nssah World Bank Poverty Reduction Group Washinton D.C. June 03, 2008
Fiscal Incidence Analysis B. Essama-Nssah World Bank Poverty Reduction Group Washinton D.C. June 03, 2008 Introduction Key questions Who benefits from public spending? Who bears the burden of taxation?
More informationIncome Inequality and Poverty
20 Income Inequality and Poverty PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU Eastern Illinois University 1 The Measurement of Inequality Questions of measurement: How much inequality is there in
More informationIncome Inequality and Poverty (Chapter 20 in Mankiw & Taylor; reading Chapter 19 will also help)
Income Inequality and Poverty (Chapter 20 in Mankiw & Taylor; reading Chapter 19 will also help) Before turning to money and inflation, we backtrack - at least in terms of the textbook - to consider income
More informationHow to use ADePT for Social Protection Analysis
How to use ADePT for Social Protection Analysis Pension Core Course Washington D.C. - May 2015 Objective To learn how to use ADePT Social Protection while analyzing the performance of specific SPL programs
More informationUniversal Health Coverage Assessment. Hong Kong. Cheuk Nam Wong and Keith YK Tin. Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE)
Universal Health Coverage Assessment Hong Kong Cheuk Nam Wong and Keith YK Tin Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE) July 2015 1 Universal Health Coverage Assessment: Hong Kong Prepared by Cheuk Nam
More informationUniversal Health Coverage Assessment. Tanzania. Gemini Mtei and Suzan Makawia. Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE)
Universal Health Coverage Assessment: Tanzania Universal Health Coverage Assessment Tanzania Gemini Mtei and Suzan Makawia Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE) December 2014 1 Universal Health Coverage
More informationADDRESSING PUBLIC PRIVATE SECTOR INEQUALITIES PROFESSOR EMERITUS YOSUF VERIAVA
ADDRESSING PUBLIC PRIVATE SECTOR INEQUALITIES PROFESSOR EMERITUS YOSUF VERIAVA HEALTH INEQUALITY AND INEQUITY Disparity: Is there a difference in the health status rates between population groups? Inequality:
More informationUniversal Health Coverage Assessment. Zambia. Bona M. Chitah and Dick Jonsson. Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE)
Universal Health Coverage Assessment Zambia Bona M. Chitah and Dick Jonsson Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE) June 2015 1 Universal Health Coverage Assessment: Zambia Prepared by Bona M. Chitah and
More informationFISCAL POLICY INCIDENCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM TUNISIA
PROSPERITY EQUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE FISCAL POLICY INCIDENCE AND POVERTY REDUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM TUNISIA Ahmed Moummi, Nizar Jouini and Nora Lustig (New-Delhi, June 2016) AFRICAN DEVELOPEMENT
More informationChapter 2. Analyzing the Incidence of Public Spending
Chapter 2 Analyzing the Incidence of Public Spending Lionel Demery 2.1. Introduction This chapter is about public spending, and how to assess who benefits from it. It describes benefit incidence analysis,
More informationHow to use ADePT for Social Protection Analysis
How to use ADePT for Social Protection Analysis Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Social Safety Nets Core Course Washington D.C. - April 25 May 6, 2016
More informationThe 12 th ASEAN & Japan High Level Officials Meeting (HLOM) on Caring Societies. Country Reports. Lao PDR. Vientiane
The 12 th ASEAN & Japan High Level Officials Meeting (HLOM) on Caring Societies Country Reports Lao PDR Vientiane Oct, 2014 Lao PDR 236 800 km 2 Population: 6.6 Mio. - Rural/Urban: 85%/15% Distinct ethnic
More informationSocial Situation Monitor - Glossary
Social Situation Monitor - Glossary Active labour market policies Measures aimed at improving recipients prospects of finding gainful employment or increasing their earnings capacity or, in the case of
More informationModule 3a: Financial Protection
Module 3a: Financial Protection Catastrophic and Impoverishing Health Expenditure This presentation was prepared by Adam Wagstaff, Caryn Bredenkamp and Sarah Bales 1 The basic idea Out-of-pocket spending
More informationPublic spending on health care: how are different criteria related? a second opinion
Health Policy 53 (2000) 61 67 www.elsevier.com/locate/healthpol Letter to the Editor Public spending on health care: how are different criteria related? a second opinion William Jack 1 The World Bank,
More information1 Income Inequality in the US
1 Income Inequality in the US We started this course with a study of growth; Y = AK N 1 more of A; K; and N give more Y: But who gets the increased Y? Main question: if the size of the national cake Y
More informationPoverty, Inequity and Inequality in New Zealand
Poverty, Inequity and Inequality in New Zealand Inequality and Inequity Equity is fairness or justice with individual circumstances taken into account. It is also a matter of opinion what is equitable
More informationECON 256: Poverty, Growth & Inequality. Jack Rossbach
ECON 256: Poverty, Growth & Inequality Jack Rossbach Measuring Poverty Many different definitions for Poverty Cannot afford 2,000 calories per day Do not have basic needs met: clean water, health care,
More informationChanges in out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Vietnam and its impact on equity in payments,
* Title Page (showing Author Details) Changes in out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Vietnam and its impact on equity in payments, 1992 2002 July 2007 Corresponding Author: Anoshua Chaudhuri, PhD
More informationTaxation-Overview (Chapter 18)
(Chapter 18) So far, we have talked about different government expenditure items: Education Social Security Health insurance Welfare programs How does local and federal governments finance such programs?
More informationWhat are the options for sustaining AIDS, TB and malaria programs after the donors pull out? Reflections from 7 South East Asian countries and China.
What are the options for sustaining AIDS, TB and malaria programs after the donors pull out? Reflections from 7 South East Asian countries and China. Presented by David Collins of MSH at the 5th International
More informationInequality in China: Recent Trends. Terry Sicular (University of Western Ontario)
Inequality in China: Recent Trends Terry Sicular (University of Western Ontario) In the past decade Policy goal: harmonious, sustainable development, with benefits of growth shared widely Reflected in
More informationTHIRD EDITION. ECONOMICS and. MICROECONOMICS Paul Krugman Robin Wells. Chapter 18. The Economics of the Welfare State
THIRD EDITION ECONOMICS and MICROECONOMICS Paul Krugman Robin Wells Chapter 18 The Economics of the Welfare State WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER What the welfare state is and the rationale for it
More informationUnderstanding Income Distribution and Poverty
Understanding Distribution and Poverty : Understanding the Lingo market income: quantifies total before-tax income paid to factor markets from the market (i.e. wages, interest, rent, and profit) total
More informationModule 3: Financial Protection
Module 3: Financial Protection Catastrophic and Impoverishing Health Expenditure This presentation was prepared by Adam Wagstaff and Caryn Bredenkamp 1 Financial Protection in a nutshell Financial protection
More informationBenefit incidence: a practitioner s guide
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Benefit incidence: a practitioner s guide Lionel Demery Poverty and Social Development
More informationMAKING PROGRESS TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: COUNTRY POLICIES AND GLOBAL SUPPORT
MAKING PROGRESS TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: COUNTRY POLICIES AND GLOBAL SUPPORT Anne Mills London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Improving health worldwide www.lshtm.ac.uk The goal of Universal
More informationANSWERS TO PROBLEM SET 6 - Public Finance J. Wissink - Cornell University
ANSWERS TO PROBLEM SET 6 - Public Finance J. Wissink - Cornell University 1. a. See diagram below. On the left, the tax is levied on the suppliers and on the right, demanders. (Note: T=true and M=market)
More informationThe Impact of Taxation and Public Expenditure on Income Distribution in Indonesia
The Impact of Taxation and Public Expenditure on Distribution in Indonesia Kunta Nugraha PhD Student Faculty of Business, Government and Law University of Canberra NATSEM Workshop for HDR Students Canberra,
More informationPOLICY BRIEF. Figure 1: Total, general government, and private expenditures on health as percentages of GDP
POLICY BRIEF Financial Burden of Health Payments in Mongolia The World Health Report 2010 drew attention to the fact that each year 150 million people globally are facing catastrophic health expenditures,
More informationAQA Economics A-level
AQA Economics A-level Macroeconomics Topic 5: Fiscal and Supply Side Policies 5.1 Fiscal policy Notes Fiscal policy involves the manipulation of government spending, taxation and the budget balance. It
More informationHousehold Expenditures on Outpatient Care, Inpatient Care, and Prescription Medication: Trends by Income Quintile
Household Expenditures on Outpatient Care, Inpatient Care, and Prescription Medication: Trends by Income Quintile Youn Jung Associate Research Fellow, KIHASA Sukyoung Jung Senior Researcher, KIHASA Introduction
More informationIncome Distribution and Poverty
C H A P T E R 15 Income Distribution and Poverty Prepared by: Fernando Quijano and Yvonn Quijano Income Distribution and Poverty This chapter focuses on distribution. Why do some people get more than others?
More informationZIMBABWE HEALTH FINANCING. GWATI GWATI Health Economist: Planning and Donor Coordination MOHCC Technical team leader National Health Accounts.
ZIMBABWE HEALTH FINANCING GWATI GWATI Health Economist: Planning and Donor Coordination MOHCC Technical team leader National Health Accounts. Our approach to HFP Development Key steps in the development
More informationAchieving Equity in Health Systems. Implications for developing countries of recent evidence from Asia
Achieving Equity in Health Systems Implications for developing countries of recent evidence from Asia Ravi P. Rannan-Eliya IHEA World Congress Copenhagen, 11 July 2007 Equitap Project Phase 1 - Collaborative
More informationFigure ES-1. Difficulty Getting Care on Nights, Weekends, Holidays Without Going to ER
Figure ES-1. Difficulty Getting Care on Nights, Weekends, Holidays Without Going to ER Percent saying very or somewhat difficult 1 53 56 6 59 32 32 42 44 7 * 6 * Significant difference between below and
More informationThe Impact of Community-Based Health Insurance on Access to Care and Equity in Rwanda
TECH N IC A L B R I E F MARCH 16 Photo by Todd Shapera The Impact of Community-Based Health Insurance on Access to Care and Equity in Rwanda W ith support from The Rockefeller Foundation s Transforming
More informationHealth System and Policies of China
of China Yang Cao, PhD Associate Professor China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China Transformation of Healthcare Delivery in China Medical insurance 1 The timeline of the medical and health system
More informationEmil Tesliuc and Phillippe Leite November 23, 2009
Emil Tesliuc and Phillippe Leite November 23, 2009 ADePT SP (developed by HDNSP-SSN SSN team and Development Research Group -Poverty Team ) ADePT SP is a Stata routine built as a special module in ADePT.
More informationCorresponding author: Viroj Tangcharoensathien,
Health Financing Reforms in South East Asia: challenges in achieving universal coverage Authors Viroj Tangcharoensathien, International Health Policy Program, Thailand Walaiporn Patcharanarumol, International
More informationCatastrophic health care payments. Measuring incidence and intensity of catastrophic impact
Catastrophic health care payments Introduction One conception of fairness in payments for health care is that households ought not be required to spend more than a given fraction (say z) of their income
More informationAshadul Islam Director General, Health Economics Unit Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Ashadul Islam Director General, Health Economics Unit Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 1 Indicator 2000-01 2012-14 Population (WDI) 132,383,265 156,594,962 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live
More informationNotes and Definitions Numbers in the text, tables, and figures may not add up to totals because of rounding. Dollar amounts are generally rounded to t
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2013 Percent 70 60 50 Shares of Before-Tax Income and Federal Taxes, by Before-Tax Income
More informationNumber Obstacles in the process. of establishing sustainable. National Health Insurance Scheme: insights from Ghana
WHO/HSS/HSF/PB/10.01 Number 1 2010 Obstacles in the process of establishing sustainable National Health Insurance Scheme: insights from Ghana Department of Health Systems Financing Health Financing Policy
More informationMissing Middle and BPJS: A socio-cultural and economic analysis
Missing Middle and BPJS: A socio-cultural and economic analysis Laksono Trisnantoro Department of Health Policy and Management Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada 1
More informationAP Microeconomics Chapter 16 Outline
I. Learning objectives In this chapter students should learn: A. The main categories of government spending and the main sources of government revenue. B. The different philosophies regarding the distribution
More informationEFFECT OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENEZUELA
EFFECT OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VENEZUELA BY L. URDANETA DE FERRAN Banco Central de Venezuela Taxes as well as government expenditures tend to transform income
More informationNew approaches to measuring deficits in social health protection coverage in vulnerable countries
New approaches to measuring deficits in social health protection coverage in vulnerable countries Xenia Scheil-Adlung, Florence Bonnet, Thomas Wiechers and Tolulope Ayangbayi World Health Report (2010)
More information5MARKET FAILURE (3.4) Inequality
MARKET FAILURE (3.4) 69 Inequality 70 MARKET FAILURE (3.4) BEFORE you start this unit (in pencil)... write the key idea of this unit in the centre of the page write what you know about this idea around
More informationRedistribution via VAT and cash transfers: an assessment in four low and middle income countries
Redistribution via VAT and cash transfers: an assessment in four low and middle income countries IFS Briefing note BN230 David Phillips Ross Warwick Funded by In partnership with Redistribution via VAT
More informationPoverty, Inequality, and Development
Poverty, Inequality, and Development Outline: Poverty, Inequality, and Development Measurement of Poverty and Inequality Economic characteristics of poverty groups Why is inequality a problem? Relationship
More informationvio SZY em Growing Unequal? INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY IN OECD COUNTRIES
vio SZY em Growing Unequal? INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY IN OECD COUNTRIES Table of Contents Introduction 15 Parti MAIN FEATURES OF INEQUALITY Chapter 1. The Distribution of Household Income in OECD
More informationTHE IMPACT OF SOCIAL TRANSFERS ON POVERTY IN ARMENIA. Abstract
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL TRANSFERS ON POVERTY IN ARMENIA Hovhannes Harutyunyan 1 Tereza Khechoyan 2 Abstract The paper examines the impact of social transfers on poverty in Armenia. We used data from the reports
More informationINCOME INEQUALITY AND OTHER FORMS OF INEQUALITY. Sandip Sarkar & Balwant Singh Mehta. Institute for Human Development New Delhi
INCOME INEQUALITY AND OTHER FORMS OF INEQUALITY Sandip Sarkar & Balwant Singh Mehta Institute for Human Development New Delhi 1 WHAT IS INEQUALITY Inequality is multidimensional, if expressed between individuals,
More informationUniversal Health Coverage Assessment: Taiwan. Universal Health Coverage Assessment. Taiwan. Jui-fen Rachel Lu. Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE)
Universal Health Coverage Assessment Taiwan Jui-fen Rachel Lu Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE) December 2014 1 Universal Health Coverage Assessment: Taiwan Prepared by Jui-fen Rachel Lu 1 For the
More informationTHE IMPACT OF CASH AND BENEFITS IN-KIND ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA
THE IMPACT OF CASH AND BENEFITS IN-KIND ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN INDONESIA Phil Lewis Centre for Labor Market Research University of Canberra Australia Phil.Lewis@canberra.edu.au Kunta Nugraha Centre
More informationThailand's Universal Coverage System and Preliminary Evaluation of its Success. Kannika Damrongplasit, Ph.D. UCLA and RAND October 15, 2009
Thailand's Universal Coverage System and Preliminary Evaluation of its Success Kannika Damrongplasit, Ph.D. UCLA and RAND October 15, 2009 Presentation Outline Country Profile History of Health System
More informationECON 450 Development Economics
and Poverty ECON 450 Development Economics Measuring Poverty and Inequality University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Summer 2017 and Poverty Introduction In this lecture we ll introduce appropriate measures
More informationHow Useful Are Benefit Incidence Analyses of Public Education and Health Spending?
WP/03/227 How Useful Are Benefit Incidence Analyses of Public Education and Health Spending? Hamid R. Davoodi, Erwin R. Tiongson, and Sawitree S. Asawanuchit 2003 International Monetary Fund WP/03/227
More informationJaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN): Delivering the biggest social health insurance program in the world
Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN): Delivering the biggest social health insurance program in the world Sekretariat Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K)
More informationThe Moldovan experience in the measurement of inequalities
The Moldovan experience in the measurement of inequalities Veronica Nica National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova Quick facts about Moldova Population (01.01.2015) 3 555 159 Urban 42.4% Rural 57.6% Employment
More informationOverview messages. Think of Universal Coverage as a direction, not a destination
Health Financing for Universal Coverage: critical challenges and lessons learned Joseph Kutzin, Coordinator Health Financing Policy, WHO Regional Forum on Health Care Financing, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Overview
More informationProject Information Document/ Identification/Concept Stage (PID)
Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Information Document/ Identification/Concept Stage (PID) Concept Stage Date Prepared/Updated:
More informationA health financing reform solution for Kenya: Expansion of National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF)
GLOBAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH A health financing reform solution for Kenya: Expansion of National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) Reena Anthonyraj * ABSTRACT Kenya is a low income country
More informationUniversal Health Coverage Assessment
Universal Health Coverage Assessment: Bangladesh Universal Health Coverage Assessment People s Republic of Bangladesh Ahmed Mustafa and Tahmina Begum Global Network for Health Equity (GNHE) December 2014
More informationADB Economics Working Paper Series. On the Concept of Equity in Opportunity
ADB Economics Working Paper Series On the Concept of Equity in Opportunity Hyun H. Son No. 266 August 2011 ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 266 On the Concept of Equity in Opportunity Hyun H. Son
More informationUSING DHS AND NHA INDICATORS TO ANALYZE EQUITY IN HEALTH FINANCING. Magdalena Rathe Fundación Plenitud IHEA 2007 Copenhagen, Denmark
USING DHS AND NHA INDICATORS TO ANALYZE EQUITY IN HEALTH FINANCING Magdalena Rathe Fundación Plenitud IHEA 2007 Copenhagen, Denmark Summary of findings and examples from three studies Nicaragua: Health
More informationInequality and Redistribution
Inequality and Redistribution Chapter 19 CHAPTER IN PERSPECTIVE In chapter 19 we conclude our study of income determination by looking at the extent and sources of economic inequality and examining how
More informationCatastrophic Health Expenditure among. Developing Countries
Review Article imedpub Journals http://journals.imedpub.com Health Systems and Policy Research ISSN 2254-9137 DOI: 10.21767/2254-9137.100069 Catastrophic Health Expenditure among Developing Countries Sharifa
More informationPoverty and Income Distribution
Poverty and Income Distribution SECOND EDITION EDWARD N. WOLFF WILEY-BLACKWELL A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Contents Preface * xiv Chapter 1 Introduction: Issues and Scope of Book l 1.1 Recent
More informationThe role of subsidized health in promoting access to affordable quality health care: the case of Kwara State community health insurance (Nigeria)
The role of subsidized health in promoting access to affordable quality health care: the case of Kwara State community health insurance (Nigeria) 1 Overview Presentation 1. Facts on health in Africa &
More informationAnnex 3 SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN INDONESIA: CURRENT STATUS AND THE PLAN FOR NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE 1
Social Health Insurance Annex 3 SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN INDONESIA: CURRENT STATUS AND THE PLAN FOR NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE 1 Executive Summary The health status of people in Indonesia has improved
More informationWorld Bank Seminar. Waivers, exemptions, and implementation issues under user fees for health care
World Bank Seminar Waivers, exemptions, and implementation issues under user fees for health care Ricardo Bitran June 2002 1 Contents of presentation A. Rationale of user fees B. Mitigating equity problems
More informationGrowth in Pakistan: Inclusive or Not? Zunia Saif Tirmazee 1 and Maryiam Haroon 2
Growth in Pakistan: Inclusive or Not? Zunia Saif Tirmazee 1 and Maryiam Haroon 2 Introduction Cross country evidences reveal that Asian countries have experienced rapid growth over the last two decades.
More informationHealth Insurance Glossary of Terms
1 Health Insurance Glossary of Terms On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) into law. When making decisions about health coverage, consumers should
More informationMeasuring and Monitoring Health Equity
Group de Análisis para el Desarrollo Measuring and Monitoring Health Equity Martín Valdivia Dakha, Bangladesh May 2005 Basic ideas for monitoring health equity: What do we need? In operational terms, we
More informationSESSION 8 Fiscal Incidence in South Africa
DG DEVCO Staff Seminar on Social Protection - from strategies to concrete approaches - 26-30 September 2016, Brussels SESSION 8 Fiscal Incidence in South Africa Jon JELLEMA Associate Director for Africa,
More informationEconomic Standard of Living
DESIRED OUTCOMES New Zealand is a prosperous society, reflecting the value of both paid and unpaid work. All people have access to adequate incomes and decent, affordable housing that meets their needs.
More informationChapter 5 Poverty, Inequality, and Development
Chapter 5 Poverty, Inequality, and Development Distribution and Development: Seven Critical Questions What is the extent of relative inequality, and how is this related to the extent of poverty? Who are
More informationEconomic Standard of Living
DESIRED OUTCOMES New Zealand is a prosperous society, reflecting the value of both paid and unpaid work. Everybody has access to an adequate income and decent, affordable housing that meets their needs.
More informationThis study is concerned with income distribution and is intended as a. The Distribution and Redistribution of Income in the Republic of Ireland
The Economic and Social Review, Vol 13, No. 4, July 1982, pp. 251-278 The Distribution and Redistribution of Income in the Republic of Ireland PHILIP J. O'CONNELL* The Economic and Social Research Institute,
More informationSri Lanka s Health Sector
Sri Lanka s Health Sector Issues, Challenges and Future Dr Ravi P. Rannan-Eliya Director Institute for Health Policy www.ihp.lk Ceylon Chamber of Commerce Colombo 26 September 2005 Outline A performance
More informationASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TAR:INO 34147 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE (Cofinanced by the Government of the United Kingdom) TO THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA FOR INTEGRATION OF POVERTY CONSIDERATIONS IN DECENTRALIZED EDUCATION
More informationCost Sharing: Towards Sustainable Health Care in Sub-Saharan Africa
Findings reports on ongoing operational, economic and sector work carried out by the World Bank and its member governments in the Africa Region. It is published periodically by the Africa Technical Department
More informationTax policy and inequality
Tax policy and inequality Robert Joyce, Institute for Fiscal Studies Presentation at HMT/HMRC tax policy school 21 st September 2016 Introduction Not for economists to specify strength of preference for
More informationNEPAL. Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized. Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Health Equity and Financial Protection DATASHEET NEPAL The Health Equity and Financial
More informationMedicaid: A Lower-Cost Approach to Serving a High-Cost Population
P O L I C Y kaiser commission on medicaid and the uninsured March 2004 B R I E F : A Lower-Cost Approach to Serving a High-Cost Population is our nation s principal provider of health insurance coverage
More informationPublic Finance: The Economics of Taxation. The Economics of Taxation. Taxes: Basic Concepts
C H A P T E R 16 Public Finance: The Economics of Taxation Prepared by: Fernando Quijano and Yvonn Quijano The Economics of Taxation The primary vehicle that the government uses to finance itself is taxation.
More informationAssessing the Distribution of Household Financial Contributions to the Health System: Concepts and Empirical Application
Chapter 38 PRELIMINARY DRAFT NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Assessing the Distribution of Household Financial Contributions to the Health System: Concepts and Empirical Application Christopher J.L. Murray, Ke Xu,
More informationDownloads from this web forum are for private, non-commercial use only. Consult the copyright and media usage guidelines on
Econ 3x3 www.econ3x3.org A web forum for accessible policy-relevant research and expert commentaries on unemployment and employment, income distribution and inclusive growth in South Africa Downloads from
More informationRevenue & Expenditures
Revenue & Expenditures Ch. 8 in text 1 Revenue: Five basic sources Taxes & Other Compulsory Revenue Taxes, licenses, mandatory fees Gifts & Donations Solicited through fund-raising or unsolicited Earned
More informationStrategic directions to improve health care financing in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: moving towards universal coverage
Regional Committee for the EM/RC57/Tech.Disc.1 Eastern Mediterranean August 2010 Fifty-seventh Session Original: Arabic Agenda item 3 Technical discussion on Strategic directions to improve health care
More informationIncome and Wealth Inequality A Lack of Equity
Income and Wealth Inequality A Lack of Equity Increasing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth is an example of market failure. Resources are not distributed equitably. Income Income is a
More informationFiscal Incidence and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Tunisia
Tulane Economics Working Paper Series Fiscal Incidence and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Tunisia Nizar Jouini Doha Institute for High Graduates njouini@dohainstitute.edu.qa Nora Lustig Department of
More informationCÔTE D IVOIRE 7.4% 9.6% 7.0% 4.7% 4.1% 6.5% Poor self-assessed health status 12.3% 13.5% 10.7% 7.2% 4.4% 9.6%
Health Equity and Financial Protection DATASHEET CÔTE D IVOIRE The Health Equity and Financial Protection datasheets provide a picture of equity and financial protection in the health sectors of low- and
More information