Community Needs Assessment Update. NEMCSA Early Childhood Services Prepared by: Kristen Walcheski Director of Program Operations 10/21/18

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1 Community Needs Assessment Update NEMCSA Early Childhood Services Prepared by: Kristen Walcheski Director of Program Operations 10/21/18

2 Contents Report Area... 2 Demographics... 2 Population... 2 Total Population... 2 Live Births:... 4 Community Safety:... 5 Child Abuse and Neglect... 5 Out-of-Home Placements due to Abuse and Neglect: 0-5 Years... 7 Social Economic Factors... 8 Children Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch... 8 State-Funded Preschool Programs Child Care Income Median Family Income Per Capita Income Public Assistance Income Health Insurance Population Receiving Medicaid Uninsured Adults Uninsured Children Population Receiving SNAP Benefits (ACS) Educational Attainment Population Below 100% FPL Unemployment Rate Appendix Page 1 of 26

3 Report Area Alcona; Alpena; Arenac; Bay; Cheboygan; Clare; Crawford; Gladwin; Huron; Iosco; Lapeer; Mecosta; Midland; Montmorency; Ogemaw; Osceola; Oscoda; Otsego; Presque Isle; Sanilac; Tuscola Counties in Northeast Michigan. Demographics Population Current population demographics and changes in demographic composition over time play a determining role in the types of services needed by children and families. Table 1: Population Density Report Area Total Population Total Land Area Population Density (Square Miles) (Per Square Mile) Alcona 10, Alpena 28, Arenac 15, Bay 105, Cheboygan 25, Clare 30, Crawford 13, Gladwin 25, Huron 31, Iosco 25, Lapeer 88, Mecosta 43, Midland 83, Montmorency 9, Ogemaw 20, Osceola 23, Oscoda 8, Otsego 24, Presque Isle 12, Sanilac 41, Tuscola 53, Report Area 721,168 12, Michigan 9,922,576 56, Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Source geography: Tract less than 16 persons per square mile. Total Population 721,168 people live in the 12, square mile report area defined for this assessment according to the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey. The population density for this area, estimated at persons per square mile, is less than the national average population density and significantly lower than the State average of population per square mile. Bay and Midland counties have the highest population density in the service area while Alcona and Oscoda have the lowest Page 2 of 26

4 Change in Total Population According to the United States Census Bureau State and County Population Estimates for , the general population in the service area fell by 9,544 persons, a change of -1.3%. During this same period, a.5% increase occurred in the State. Eight counties had a decrease greater than 2%, ranging from Arenac at -2.3% (355) fewer people to Oscoda at -3.86% (328). Lapeer county saw a slight increase in their population over the reporting period (+0.02%) while Otsego saw a 1.9% increase (450). Table 2: Change in Population Location % Change # Change Alcona 10,635 10,578 10,424 10,349 10, % -283 Alpena 29,234 29,091 28,988 28,803 28, % -530 Arenac 15,477 15,487 15,353 15,261 15, % -355 Bay 106, , , , , % -2,188 Cheboygan 25,835 25,726 25,675 25,427 25, % -434 Clare 30,753 30,569 30,652 30,553 30, % -395 Crawford 14,009 13,904 13,745 13,801 13, % -265 Gladwin 25,484 25,493 25,411 25,164 25, % -362 Huron 32,463 32,224 32,065 31,883 31, % -982 Iosco 25,357 25,429 25,420 25,345 25, % -30 Lapeer 88,173 88,389 88,153 88,373 88, % 167 Mecosta 43,318 43,108 43,186 43,067 43, % -97 Midland 83,822 83,919 83,427 83,632 83, % -360 Montmorency 9,476 9,350 9,300 9,259 9, % -303 Ogemaw 21,437 21,234 21,039 20,937 20, % -533 Osceola 23,276 23,259 23,169 23,058 23, % -166 Oscoda 8,592 8,379 8,371 8,251 8, % -328 Otsego 24,020 24,129 24,158 24,253 24, % 450 Presque Isle 13,129 13,062 13,004 12,841 12, % -367 Sanilac 42,268 41,823 41,587 41,475 41, % -859 Tuscola 54,662 54,263 54,000 53,777 53, % -1,324 Service Area 728, , , , , % -9,544 Michigan % 44,940 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates Population Age 0-4 This indicator reports the number of children aged 0-4 in the designated geographic area. When planning Head Start and Early Head Start services, it is important to understand the population of infants and young children in each community served. Page 3 of 26

5 Table 3: Population: Age 0-4 Location % Change # Change Alcona % -16 Alpena 1,403 1,370 1,323 1,330 1, % -43 Arenac % 38 Bay 5,828 5,702 5,493 5,360 5, % -631 Cheboygan 1,086 1,051 1, , % -54 Clare 1,752 1,725 1,665 1,634 1, % -149 Crawford % -27 Gladwin 1,186 1,173 1,201 1,208 1, % 54 Huron 1,552 1,490 1,502 1,487 1, % -75 Iosco 1,034 1,122 1,156 1,191 1, % 116 Lapeer 4,305 4,287 4,220 4,225 4, % 26 Mecosta 2,150 2,026 2,084 2,065 2, % -79 Midland 4,420 4,546 4,324 4,302 4, % 17 Montmorency % -24 Ogemaw % -11 Osceola 1,338 1,344 1,317 1,293 1, % 11 Oscoda % 34 Otsego 1,348 1,376 1,297 1,270 1, % 9 Presque Isle % 13 Sanilac 2,346 2,230 2,217 2,217 2, % -95 Tuscola 2,890 2,687 2,708 2,694 2, % -116 Service Area 36,494 35,860 35,198 34,848 35, % -1,002 Michigan 575, , , , , % -2,906 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates. Unlike the numbers for the general population where Michigan showed a slight increase over the reporting period, the 0-4 population decreased. The same is true for the NEMCSA service area where the 0-4 population has declined 2.7%. One county actually had a double-digit decrease in this population Bay (-10.8%). Iosco County actually showed a significant increase, 11.2%, of 116 children age 0-4. Michigan as a whole had 2,906 fewer infants and young children in 2016 compared to 2012, with 34.5% (1002) of those from the NEMCSA service area. Live Births: The number of live births has been generally declining over the period illustrated in table. When comparing 2012 to 2016 data, Michigan s birthrate is down by 487 infants (-0.4%) while the service area is actually down by 120 infants (1.7%). Eight counties did experience an increase in births, ranging from Gladwin, an increase of 14.5% (34 births), to Alcona with 0.4% increase (1 birth). Oscoda had the Page 4 of 26

6 highest increased rate in live births, up 23.8% (20). Osceola experienced the greatest loss of the infant, down 15.7% (44 births). Table 4: Live Births Location Change - # Change - % Michigan 113, , , , , % Alcona % Alpena % Arenac % Bay 1,121 1,079 1,044 1,044 1, % Cheboygan % Clare % Crawford % Gladwin % Huron % Iosco % Lapeer % Mecosta % Midland % Montmorency % Ogemaw % Osceola % Oscoda % Otsego % Presque Isle % Sanilac % Tuscola % Service Area 7,045 6,932 6,950 6,950 6, % Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics. Community Safety: Child Abuse and Neglect 2017 saw a continued increase, started in 2015, in the rate of children 0-5 years of age who were confirmed as victims of child abuse or neglect an increase of 29.6% (4,933 children) in the State and 33.2% (411 children) in the overall service area when comparing data to 2013 rates. Six NEMCSA counties had lower rates of increase than the State for this indicator. However, Iosco still saw an increase of 19.8% over 2013 and Montmorency an increase of 21.2%. Page 5 of 26

7 All remaining counties had higher rates than the State with two significantly higher Crawford County s numbers nearly doubled for an increase of 80% and Gladwin had a rate increase of 167.9%. Only two counties had a decrease in rates Cheboygan and Ogemaw. Table 5: Confirmed Victims of Abuse and Neglect, 0-5 Years Location Data Type Increase/ Decrease in # % Change in Number Michigan Number 16,646 16,479 19,080 20,281 21,579 Rate , % Alcona Number Rate % Alpena Number Rate % Arenac Number Rate % Bay Number Rate % Cheboygan Number Rate % Clare Number Rate % Crawford Number Rate % Gladwin Number Rate % Huron Number Rate % Iosco Number Rate % Lapeer Number Rate % Mecosta Number Rate % Midland Number Rate % Montmorency Number Rate % Ogemaw Number Rate % Osceola Number Rate % Oscoda Number Rate % Otsego Number % Page 6 of 26

8 Table 5: Confirmed Victims of Abuse and Neglect, 0-5 Years Location Data Type Increase/ Decrease in # % Change in Number Rate Presque Isle Number Rate % Sanilac Number Rate % Tuscola Number Rate % Service Area Number % Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Protective Services. Out-of-Home Placements due to Abuse and Neglect: 0-5 Years Directly correlating with an increase in confirmed cases of abuse and neglect, there has also been an increase in the number of out-of-home placements due to abuse and neglect. However, the service area has seen an increase in this population of 17.8% when comparing 2016 to 2012, comparable to the State. Seven counties had a rate of increase of total number of out-of-home placements of 100% or more, with Montmorency County up 300%. Alcona had a reduced rate of 100%, with no out-of-home placements recorded for Table 6: Out-of-Home Placement due to Abuse/Neglect Years Location Data Type % change in Number Michigan Number 4,701 4,756 4,732 5,633 5,518 Rate % Alcona Number Rate * 22.4 * 21 * % Alpena Number Rate % Arenac Number Rate % Bay Number Rate % Cheboygan Number Rate % Clare Number Rate % Crawford Number Rate % Gladwin Number Rate % Huron Number % Page 7 of 26

9 Table 6: Out-of-Home Placement due to Abuse/Neglect Years Location Data Type Rate 5.3 * Iosco Number Rate Lapeer Number Rate Mecosta Number Rate Midland Number Rate Montmorency Number Rate * * * Ogemaw Number Rate Osceola Number Rate * Oscoda Number Rate * * Otsego Number Rate Presque Isle Number Rate * * Sanilac Number Rate Tuscola Number Rate Service Area Number Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Services management Information System. Population estimates are from the Census Bureau. % change in Number 38.5% 88.9% -25.0% 34.5% 300.0% 111.1% -71.4% 150.0% 75.0% 250.0% 80.0% 19.0% 17.8% Social Economic Factors, unemployment, and lack of educational achievement affect access to services and a community s ability to engage in healthy behaviors. Without a network of support and a safe community, families cannot thrive. Ensuring access to social and economic resources provides a foundation for a healthy community. Children Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch This indicator is relevant because it assesses vulnerable populations that are more likely to have multiple health access, health status, and social support needs. Within the service area, 48,704 public school Page 8 of 26

10 students are eligible for Free/Reduced Price lunch. In Michigan as a whole, 45.8% are eligible. Only two counties in the service area have a smaller percent than the State Lapeer and Midland. Table 7: Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch Location Data Type Michigan Number 740, , , , ,211 Percent 48.20% 48.60% 46.70% 46.10% 45.80% Alcona Number Percent 58.90% 56.20% 62.70% 64.50% 67.30% Alpena Number 2,249 2,098 2,221 2,242 2,062 Percent 52.80% 50.70% 55.40% 56.50% 52.70% Arenac Number 1,430 1,351 1,218 1,245 1,145 Percent 63.20% 58.80% 55.40% 58.40% 55.30% Bay Number 7,612 7,624 6,549 7,011 7,169 Percent 50.40% 51.10% 44.60% 48.50% 49.80% Cheboygan Number 2,031 2,021 2,042 1,902 1,865 Percent 60.50% 61.10% 64.40% 62.00% 62.50% Clare Number 2,905 2,874 2,678 2,344 2,352 Percent 63.00% 63.50% 60.60% 54.50% 54.50% Crawford Number 1, Percent 62.70% 58.90% 57.50% 55.50% 52.80% Gladwin Number 1,963 1,899 1,661 1,528 1,450 Percent 62.60% 62.50% 56.50% 53.60% 51.90% Huron Number 2,274 2,258 2,122 2,023 1,874 Percent 50.90% 51.80% 49.10% 48.10% 45.90% Iosco Number 2,893 2,790 2,560 2,550 2,570 Percent 70.20% 69.70% 65.20% 66.10% 67.40% Lapeer Number 5,925 5,825 5,364 5,266 4,837 Percent 45.00% 45.50% 43.00% 43.10% 40.30% Mecosta Number 3,919 3,856 2,994 3,367 3,231 Percent 61.80% 61.20% 48.70% 55.60% 53.70% Midland Number 4,346 4,208 4,176 4,092 3,914 Percent 34.40% 34.30% 34.10% 33.30% 32.40% Montmorency Number Percent 64.70% 63.60% 57.70% 59.50% 62.80% Ogemaw Number 1,353 1,296 1,300 1,330 1,291 Percent 62.00% 62.90% 62.50% 62.40% 59.80% Osceola Number 2,549 2,466 2,455 2,297 2,185 Percent 61.50% 61.30% 61.10% 58.30% 55.90% Oscoda Number Percent 68.10% 66.90% 64.30% 65.80% 65.00% % change in Number -8.3% 3.1% -8.3% -19.9% -5.8% -8.2% -19.0% -16.7% -26.1% -17.6% -11.2% -18.4% -17.6% -9.9% -12.0% -4.6% -14.3% -16.2% Page 9 of 26

11 Table 7: Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price Lunch Location Data Type Otsego Number 2,041 1,947 1,738 1,779 1,918 Percent 50.60% 49.90% 44.90% 45.80% 49.20% Presque Isle Number Percent 50.20% 58.10% 57.20% 58.50% 55.90% Sanilac Number 3,780 3,853 3,571 3,448 3,295 Percent 54.80% 56.50% 53.70% 53.30% 51.90% Tuscola Number 5,216 5,241 4,893 4,626 4,444 Percent 57.00% 59.30% 55.80% 54.00% 53.10% Service Area Number Data Source: Michigan Department of Education, Food and Nutrition Services, Office of Nutrition, for Center for Educational Performance Information (CEPI) web site since 1996 ( % change in Number -6.0% 2.1% -12.8% -14.8% -12.9% State-Funded Preschool Programs After a significant expansion in the year 2015, Great Start Readiness Program (GSRP) expansion has leveled off. However, between FY 2017 and FY 2018, there was still an increase of 376 total slots, or 7.16%. These additional slots are reflected across seven Intermediate School District areas. Table 8: State Funded Preschool Programs ISD FY 2013 Allocation FY 2015 Allocation FY 2017 Allocation FY 2018 Allocation Increase Increase FY 2013 FY 2015 FY 2018 FY 2018 # % # % % % Alpena- Montmorency- Alcona ESD Bay-Arenac ISD % % Cheboygan- Otsego-Presque % % Isle ESD Clare-Gladwin RESA % % Huron ISD % % Iosco RESA % % Lapeer ISD % % Mecosta-Osceola ISD % % Midland County ESA % % C.O.O.R. ISD % % Sanilac ISD % % Page 10 of 26

12 Table 8: State Funded Preschool Programs Increase Increase ISD FY 2013 FY 2015 FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2013 FY 2015 Allocation Allocation Allocation Allocation FY 2018 FY 2018 # % # % Tuscola ISD % % Wexford- Missaukee ISD % % Service Area Totals 2,677 5,252 5,609 5, % % Child Care From 2015 to 2018, Michigan has increased the number of available childcare slots for the 0-4 population by 13.2%. The service area has seen the same percent increase, with 2,435 additional licensed childcare and/or preschool slots. However, seven counties saw a decrease during this same time, the largest decrease being in Montmorency County. Table 9: Childcare Availability Location % Change Michigan 316, % Alcona % Alpena % Arenac % Bay 3,552 3,668 3,483 3, % Cheboygan % Clare % Crawford % Gladwin % Huron 1,111 1,256 1,123 1, % Iosco % Lapeer 1,647 1,686 1,830 2, % Mecosta 1,001 1,048 1,003 1, % Midland 3,273 3,564 3,348 4, % Montmorency % Ogemaw % Osceola % Oscoda % Otsego % Presque Isle % Sanilac % Tuscola 1,318 1,300 1,284 1, % Service Area % Source: Michigan Great Start to Quality Page 11 of 26

13 Income Median Family Income This indicator reports median family income based on the latest 5-year American Community Survey estimates. A family household is any housing unit in which the householder is living with one or more individuals related to him or her by birth, marriage, or adoption. Family income includes the incomes of all family members age 15 and older. In Michigan, Median Household Income has risen 12.1% since All counties in the service area also showed an increase, with the greatest increase occurring in Clare County, up 16.6%. No counties saw a decrease in their Median Household Income. However, Alcona and Bay counties saw minimal increases 1.2% and 3.4% respectively. Table 10: Median Household Income Location % Change Michigan 46,793 48,200 49,755 51,063 52, % Alcona 37,443 36,334 36,377 37,618 37, % Alpena 37,330 38,784 38,121 40,665 42, % Arenac 37,924 38,201 36,460 37,120 43, % Bay 44,242 42,305 46,061 46,256 45, % Cheboygan 37,610 37,949 41,930 41,036 41, % Clare 32,274 33,605 34,655 33,250 37, % Crawford 37,169 37,627 41,101 40,907 39, % Gladwin 37,442 35,049 39,721 40,746 41, % Huron 40,459 41,044 41,678 45,917 44, % Iosco 34,343 36,103 37,122 39,874 39, % Lapeer 51,627 53,506 51,510 57,774 56, % Mecosta 39,253 39,764 41,572 41,755 41, % Midland 53,208 53,007 51,629 59,248 58, % Montmorency 34,336 33,742 37,961 37,153 37, % Ogemaw 33,769 34,778 35,968 37,057 37, % Osceola 36,023 38,407 40,235 41,782 41, % Oscoda 33,046 31,094 33,975 36,724 36, % Otsego 48,242 47,016 44,693 50,420 50, % Presque Isle 38,019 38,648 39,420 41,658 43, % Sanilac 39,315 41,502 42,081 41,861 43, % Tuscola 42,165 41,441 43,186 45,800 46, % Data Source: U. S. Census Bureau and Small Area Income and Estimates (SAIPE) web site. Per Capita Income The per capita income for the report area is $24,143. This includes all reported income from wages and salaries as well as income from self-employment, interest or dividends, public assistance, retirement, Page 12 of 26

14 and other sources. The per capita income in this report area is the average (mean) income computed for every man, woman, and child in the specified area. Per capita income in the service area is less than that of the State, with only one county higher Midland. Lowest per capita income in the service area is Osceola County. Table 11: Per Capita Income Report Area Per Capita Income ($) % Change Report Area $23,501 $24, % Alcona $23,932 $23, % Alpena $22,081 $22, % Arenac $21,197 $21, % Bay $24,444 $24, % Cheboygan $23,630 $24, % Clare $19,180 $20, % Crawford $22,595 $22, % Gladwin $21,233 $22, % Huron $23,381 $24, % Iosco $23,486 $23, % Lapeer $24,477 $25, % Mecosta $20,404 $20, % Midland $30,171 $31, % Montmorency $20,771 $21, % Ogemaw $20,972 $21, % Osceola $19,205 $19, % Oscoda $19,519 $20, % Otsego $25,742 $25, % Presque Isle $23,550 $23, % Sanilac $21,373 $22, % Tuscola $21,904 $22, % Michigan $26,606 $27, % United States $28,929 $29, % Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey Source geography: County Public Assistance Income This indicator reports the percentage of children 0-5 years receiving public assistance income. Public assistance income includes general assistance and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Separate payments received for hospital or other medical care (vendor payments) are excluded. This does not include Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or noncash benefits such as Food Stamps. The overall rates of children in this age group receiving public assistance has been declining. Between 2012 and 2016, there was a decrease of 67.6% in the State and 61.8% in the service area. Even though Page 13 of 26

15 public assistance rates for this population in the NEMCSA service area declined at a slightly less rate than the State, eight counties within the service area had rates of decrease higher than Michigan. These ranged from Tuscola down 68.5% to Sanilac being down 77.8%. Alcona County shows only a 19% decrease in this indicator. Table 12: Children 0-5 Receiving FIP/Public Assistance Location Data Type Michigan Number 48,706 30,961 25,238 19,061 15,789 Percent 6.90% 4.40% 3.60% 2.80% 2.30% Alcona Number Percent 5.20% 4.20% 6.70% 2.60% 4.50% Alpena Number Percent 7.20% 4.20% 3.80% 2.50% 2.10% Arenac Number Percent 3.20% 3.90% 3.40% 3.00% 2.20% Bay Number Percent 5.20% 3.70% 3.90% 3.20% 2.90% Cheboygan Number Percent 4.00% 3.40% 3.00% 2.30% 1.30% Clare Number Percent 7.60% 5.50% 4.20% 3.50% 2.80% Crawford Number Percent 6.70% 3.40% 6.20% 2.90% 2.10% Gladwin Number Percent 4.20% 3.50% 3.60% 2.40% 1.50% Huron Number Percent 3.60% 2.40% 2.20% 2.00% 1.40% Iosco Number Percent 6.30% 4.00% 3.60% 3.50% 3.00% Lapeer Number Percent 2.50% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 0.70% Mecosta Number Percent 3.70% 3.20% 2.40% 2.60% 1.90% Midland Number Percent 2.10% 1.50% 1.40% 1.30% 1.10% Montmorency Number Percent 4.00% 3.20% 2.90% 1.70% * Ogemaw Number Percent 8.20% 5.60% 4.40% 4.10% 2.80% Osceola Number Percent 4.00% 2.70% 1.50% 2.00% 1.20% % change in Number % -19.0% -73.4% -40.7% -50.8% -71.4% -65.6% -71.7% -65.1% -61.8% -44.9% -73.9% -52.5% -51.3% -72.2% -67.3% -73.9% Page 14 of 26

16 Table 12: Children 0-5 Receiving FIP/Public Assistance Location Data Type % change in Number Oscoda Number Percent 6.30% 4.70% 2.50% 1.90% 3.50% -54.5% Otsego Number Percent 3.30% 2.60% 2.10% 1.50% 1.60% -57.1% Presque Isle Number Percent 4.80% 2.60% 2.10% 1.40% 1.80% -65.5% Sanilac Number Percent 4.00% 2.30% 1.90% 1.60% 1.00% -77.8% Tuscola Number Percent 4.00% 2.80% 2.10% 1.90% 1.40% -68.5% Service Area Number % Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics-Table 67. Special run for Detroit data. Health Insurance 0-18 Population Receiving Medicaid This indicator reports the percentage of the population age 0-18 enrolled in Medicaid (or other meanstested public health insurance). This indicator is relevant because it assesses vulnerable populations that are more likely to have multiple health access, health status, and social support needs. The 21-county service area percentage of the 0-18 population enrolled in Medicaid is 47.9% - just slightly higher than Michigan at 41.5%. All but four counties (Huron, Lapeer, Mecosta, and Midland) counties have lower rates of Medicaid enrollees than the State average. Table 13: 0-18 Population Receiving Medicaid Location Michigan Alcona Alpena Arenac Bay Cheboygan Data Type Number 1,000, , , , ,458 Percent 41.00% 40.80% 39.20% 39.40% 41.50% Number Percent 52.70% 52.40% 52.20% 53.10% 54.40% Number 2,907 2,833 2,680 2,683 2,862 Percent 45.50% 45.60% 44.20% 45.30% 49.00% Number 1,662 1,643 1,554 1,467 1,513 Percent 51.20% 52.40% 50.10% 48.80% 51.00% Number 9,901 9,764 9,336 9,287 9,690 Percent 40.20% 40.40% 38.80% 39.60% 41.90% Number 2,841 2,763 2,605 2,620 2,765 Percent 52.00% 52.10% 51.80% 53.80% 59.30% % Change in Number -2.7% -9.1% -1.5% -9.0% -2.1% -2.7% Page 15 of 26

17 Table 13: 0-18 Population Receiving Medicaid Location Data Type Clare Number 3,845 3,655 3,500 3,467 3,593 Percent 56.50% 54.60% 54.00% 53.50% 56.60% Crawford Number 1,360 1,345 1,307 1,312 1,377 Percent 46.60% 46.80% 47.30% 49.80% 51.40% Gladwin Number 2,641 2,596 2,450 2,337 2,376 Percent 49.00% 49.70% 46.90% 45.30% 47.10% Huron Number 2,868 2,800 2,683 2,516 2,685 Percent 41.00% 40.80% 40.00% 37.80% 40.80% Iosco Number 2,777 2,822 2,603 2,537 2,693 Percent 59.50% 61.60% 56.70% 55.40% 60.10% Lapeer Number 8,090 7,789 7,513 7,403 7,497 Percent 36.70% 36.10% 35.40% 35.90% 36.80% Mecosta Number 4,140 4,054 3,780 3,718 3,743 Percent 43.10% 42.90% 40.50% 40.10% 41.20% Midland Number 6,281 6,126 6,149 5,957 6,227 Percent 30.40% 30.40% 30.70% 30.70% 32.30% Montmorency Number Percent 56.00% 53.30% 57.10% 52.90% 58.70% Ogemaw Number 2,512 2,446 2,367 2,268 2,479 Percent 55.70% 55.70% 55.00% 54.30% 60.70% Osceola Number 2,884 2,888 2,773 2,744 2,789 Percent 47.70% 49.10% 47.60% 48.10% 49.80% Oscoda Number Percent 51.80% 49.80% 49.30% 51.00% 56.30% Otsego Number 2,732 2,729 2,506 2,513 2,787 Percent 47.70% 48.60% 44.80% 46.10% 50.90% Presque Isle Number 1,113 1,104 1,064 1,019 1,076 Percent 47.10% 47.20% 46.40% 45.00% 48.50% Sanilac Number 4,735 4,588 4,223 3,915 4,149 Percent 45.30% 45.10% 42.40% 40.10% 43.20% Tuscola Number 6,084 5,995 5,588 5,480 5,657 Percent 45.10% 46.30% 44.90% 44.70% 47.10% Service Area Number Data Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Protective Services. % Change in Number -6.6% 1.3% -10.0% -6.4% -3.0% -7.3% -9.6% -0.9% -8.7% -1.3% -3.3% -4.4% 2.0% -3.3% -12.4% -7.0% -5.0% Uninsured Adults This indicator reports the percentage of adults age 18 to 64 without health insurance coverage. In Michigan, 5.24%, down from 8.71% in 2015, of persons in this age group are uninsured. In the service area, 5.39%, down from 8.99% in 2015, just slightly higher than the State, are uninsured. The majority Page 16 of 26

18 of counties have higher rates than the State, but not significantly. Bay, Midland, and Tuscola counties have rates of uninsured adults less than 5 percent. Table 14: Uninsured Adults (2016 Estimate) Report Area Insurance Population Number Insured Number Uninsured Percent Uninsured Service Area 723, ,930 39, % Alcona 10,461 6, % Alpena 28,929 20,664 1, % Arenac 15,327 10, % Bay 106,107 78,848 5, % Cheboygan 25,579 16,782 1, % Clare 30,608 21,079 2, % Crawford 13,840 9, % Gladwin 25,367 16,822 1, % Huron 32,021 21,989 1, % Iosco 25,373 16,460 1, % Lapeer 88,310 67,165 4, % Mecosta 43,259 29,919 2, % Midland 83,559 64,402 3, % Montmorency 9,317 5, % Ogemaw 21,103 14,258 1, % Osceola 23,172 16,774 1, % Oscoda 8,374 5, % Otsego 24,198 17,922 1, % Presque Isle 12,955 8, % Sanilac 41,761 29,870 2, % Tuscola 54,014 39,717 2, % Michigan 9,909,600 7,612, , % Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. US Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Source geography: County Uninsured Children This indicator reports the percentage of children under age 19 without health insurance coverage in 2015 (more recent data unable to be located). In Michigan, 3.2% of this population is without coverage, a percentage change of -26.6% from For the service area, 4.13% of this population is without coverage, a percentage rate of change of -19.9%. One county, Osceola, actually saw a.3% increase in uninsured children. All counties, with the exception of Bay and Midland, have a higher percentage of children who are uninsured than the State. Page 17 of 26

19 Table 15: Children 0-18 Uninsured Location Data Type % change Michigan Number 100, ,298 91,070 73,997 Percent 4.30% 4.30% 4.00% 3.20% -26.6% Alcona Number Percent 6.80% 7.80% 7.10% 6.10% -17.9% Alpena Number Percent 4.90% 4.90% 5.00% 4.40% -16.4% Arenac Number Percent 5.60% 6.00% 5.50% 4.90% -18.9% Bay Number Percent 3.90% 3.50% 3.70% 3.20% -22.7% Cheboygan Number Percent 5.70% 6.00% 6.00% 4.60% -29.8% Clare Number Percent 4.80% 5.00% 5.60% 5.00% -1.6% Crawford Number Percent 4.70% 5.20% 4.70% 4.00% -22.0% Gladwin Number Percent 5.30% 5.20% 5.50% 4.70% -14.3% Huron Number Percent 5.10% 5.80% 5.30% 5.20% -2.3% Iosco Number Percent 5.00% 5.00% 4.80% 4.10% -20.6% Lapeer Number 1,017 1, Percent 4.80% 4.90% 4.00% 3.80% -25.4% Mecosta Number Percent 4.90% 4.80% 4.80% 3.70% -29.1% Midland Number Percent 4.20% 3.70% 3.90% 3.00% -31.8% Montmorency Number Percent 5.80% 7.20% 6.10% 5.60% -12.1% Ogemaw Number Percent 5.60% 5.70% 5.50% 5.20% -14.0% Osceola Number Percent 5.60% 5.90% 5.20% 6.00% 0.3% Oscoda Number Percent 6.30% 7.70% 7.30% 5.90% -16.2% Otsego Number Percent 4.80% 5.30% 5.00% 4.40% -10.3% Presque Isle Number Percent 5.50% 7.30% 6.40% 5.30% -10.2% Page 18 of 26

20 Table 15: Children 0-18 Uninsured Location Data Type % change Sanilac Number Percent 5.40% 6.20% 6.50% 5.40% -6.2% Tuscola Number Percent 4.80% 4.30% 4.70% 3.30% -35.9% Service Area Number 7,668 7,692 7,263 6,143 Percent 4.83% 4.93% 4.77% 4.13% -19.9% Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Source geography: County Population Receiving SNAP Benefits (ACS) This indicator reports the estimated percentage of households receiving the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. The NEMCSA service area has a slightly higher percentage of households receiving SNAP benefits (16.4%) than the State (15.92%). There are eight counties in the service area with a rate lower than the State, with the remainder of them higher. Rates of households receiving SNAP benefits range from 11.93% in Presque Isle to a high of 23.32% in Clare. Table 16: Population Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area Total Households Receiving SNAP Percent Income Below Income Above Households Not Receiving SNAP Total Percent Income Below Income Above Service Area 48, % 24,673 23, , % 20, ,946 Alcona % , % 412 3,829 Alpena 2, % 1,250 1,199 10, % 931 9,290 Arenac 1, % , % 454 4,728 Bay 7, % 3,823 3,367 36, % 2,836 33,688 Cheboygan 1, % 1, , % 981 8,355 Clare 3, % 1,770 1,242 9, % 1,110 8,796 Crawford 1, % , % 329 4,507 Gladwin 2, % 1,164 1,009 8, % 865 7,800 Huron 1, % , % ,176 Iosco 2, % 979 1,106 9, % 777 8,621 Lapeer 4, % 1,639 2,623 28, % 1,646 26,849 Mecosta 2, % 1,273 1,227 13, % 1,790 11,238 Midland 4, % 2,268 2,029 29, % 2,139 27,321 Montmorency % , % 295 3,132 Ogemaw 2, % 1, , % 579 6,624 Osceola 1, % 1, , % 753 6,353 Page 19 of 26

21 Table 16: Population Receiving SNAP Benefits Report Area Total Households Receiving SNAP Percent Income Below Income Above Households Not Receiving SNAP Total Percent Income Below Income Above Oscoda % , % 298 2,641 Otsego 1, % , % 728 7,721 Presque Isle % , % 464 4,742 Sanilac 2, % 1,370 1,264 14, % 1,151 13,096 Tuscola 3, % 1,761 1,970 17, % 1,289 16,439 Michigan 614, % 319, ,255 3,245, % 260,769 2,985,022 Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey Source geography: County Educational Attainment Of the population aged 25 and older in the service area, 27.52% have obtained an Associate's level degree or higher, in comparison to Michigan where 36.5% have obtained an Associate s level degree or higher. A similar comparison can be made when looking at Bachelor s degrees where 11.28% in the service area have obtained this level of education in comparison to 16.7% in Michigan. Alpena County has the greatest percentage of the adult population with Associates degrees, while Midland County has the greatest percentage of Bachelor degrees. The differences between Michigan and the service area are not as great when looking at adults without a high school diploma 10.12% in Michigan and just slightly higher at 10.87% in the service area. However, Clare and Oscoda County have over 15% each without a high school diploma. Midland County has the lowest average on non-high school graduates at 5.91% without a high school diploma. Table 17: Educational Attainment Report Area No High School Diploma High School Only Some College Associates Degree Bachelors Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Report Location 10.87% 37.83% 23.79% 9.70% 11.28% 6.54% Alcona 11.41% 40.20% 25.30% 8.60% 9.20% 5.20% Alpena 9.61% 33.60% 27.30% 12.70% 10.20% 6.60% Arenac 13.65% 43% 22.10% 9.90% 6.90% 4.50% Bay 10.57% 35.80% 24.30% 11.20% 12.40% 5.80% Cheboygan 11.16% 38.30% 24.10% 8.20% 11.60% 6.70% Clare 15.92% 39.20% 25.60% 7.90% 7.40% 4% Crawford 12.02% 35.90% 25.20% 10.20% 10.90% 5.80% Gladwin 14.87% 40.60% 22.30% 8.90% 7.90% 5.50% Huron 11.31% 43.20% 21.30% 9.30% 10.10% 4.80% Page 20 of 26

22 Table 17: Educational Attainment Report Area No High School Diploma High School Only Some College Associates Degree Bachelors Degree Graduate or Professional Degree Iosco 11.61% 39.60% 24.20% 8.30% 10% 6.30% Lapeer 9.77% 36.90% 25.60% 10% 11.20% 6.60% Mecosta 10.69% 35.20% 23.10% 9.80% 13.10% 8.20% Midland 5.91% 29.60% 21.30% 10.30% 19.60% 13.30% Montmorency 12.89% 42.20% 24.30% 8.80% 7.50% 4.30% Ogemaw 14.85% 39.60% 25.30% 9% 7.40% 4% Osceola 12.54% 44.90% 21.30% 8.30% 8.50% 4.60% Oscoda 16.89% 39% 27.30% 6.60% 7.30% 3% Otsego 8.47% 37.60% 24.30% 9.10% 13.20% 7.30% Presque Isle 11.51% 40.40% 23.20% 8.30% 10.50% 6.20% Sanilac 12.10% 43.30% 22.30% 9.30% 8.10% 5% Tuscola 10.83% 42.30% 23.60% 9.50% 9.10% 4.80% Michigan 10.12% 29.60% 23.80% 9.10% 16.70% 10.70% - Population Below 100% FPL Within the report area, 14.8% of the general population were living in households with income below the Federal Level (FPL) in Of the 0-4 population, 28.9%, or 10,252 were living in home below the FPL. Specifically looking at the 0-4 population, all but three (Lapeer, Midland, and Tuscola) counties within the service area have higher than the State average of children in poverty, which was 25.6%. However, there has been an overall decline of 1,040 (-9.2%) children 0-4 year in poverty since Eleven counties within the service area saw a reduction of this population at a higher rate as high as 35% in Midland, 23% in Sanilac, and 21.4% in Oscoda. The loss in these three counties accounted for 562 potentially eligible Head Start and Early Head Start children nearly 54% of the overall reduction for the service area. Bay County saw an increase of 282 children, or 19.6%, of children 0-4 in poverty. Table18: Change in (See appendix for full data chart) Location Change in Population in Percent Change Population in Change in 0-4 Population in Percent Change in 0-4 in Michigan -228, % -26, % Alcona % % Alpena % % Arenac % % Bay 1, % % Page 21 of 26

23 Table18: Change in (See appendix for full data chart) Location Change in Population in Percent Change Population in Change in 0-4 Population in Percent Change in 0-4 in Cheboygan % % Clare -1, % % Crawford % % Gladwin % % Huron % 7 1.5% Iosco % % Lapeer % % Mecosta % % Midland -2, % % Montmorency % % Ogemaw % % Osceola % % Oscoda % % Otsego % % Presque Isle % % Sanilac % % Tuscola -1, % % Service Area -8, % -1, % Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Estimates Unemployment Rate Total unemployment in the report area for the month of June 2018 was 5.64% of the civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16 and older (non-seasonally adjusted). This is a higher rate than the State as a whole, which was 4.45%. All counties, with the exception of Cheboygan at 4.38%, had higher rates of unemployment than the State. Rates ranged from a low of 4.38% in Cheboygan to a high of 9.24% in Montmorency. Rates for the past five years have been trending down from a high in 2014 of 10.49% to June 2018 at 5.64%. Table 19: Unemployment Report Area Unemployment Rate Unemployment Rate Rate Page 22 of 26

24 Jun-17 Jun-18 Change Report Location 5.25% 5.64% 0.39% Alcona 6.34% 6.25% -0.09% Alpena 5.36% 5.67% 0.32% Arenac 6.46% 6.81% 0.35% Bay 5.06% 5.59% 0.52% Cheboygan 4.01% 4.38% 0.37% Clare 5.80% 6.64% 0.84% Crawford 6.08% 6.49% 0.42% Gladwin 5.58% 6.19% 0.61% Huron 4.92% 5.07% 0.15% Iosco 6.43% 6.93% 0.50% Lapeer 4.84% 4.58% -0.26% Mecosta 5.52% 6.50% 0.97% Midland 4.23% 4.59% 0.36% Montmorency 7.78% 9.24% 1.46% Ogemaw 6.77% 6.74% -0.03% Osceola 4.46% 5.88% 1.42% Oscoda 6.29% 6.91% 0.62% Otsego 5.25% 5.68% 0.43% Presque Isle 6.76% 7.27% 0.51% Sanilac 5.42% 5.69% 0.27% Tuscola 5.87% 6.23% 0.37% Michigan 4.31% 4.45% 0.14% Table 20: Five-Year Unemployment Trends Report Area June June June June June Service Area 10.49% 8.15% 6.51% 5.95% 5.64% Alcona 13.29% 10.02% 7.66% 7.08% 6.25% Alpena 10.03% 7.88% 6.28% 5.74% 5.67% Arenac 12.72% 10.13% 8.28% 7.43% 6.81% Bay 9.26% 7.35% 5.98% 5.57% 5.59% Cheboygan 7.11% 5.99% 4.72% 4.50% 4.38% Clare 12% 9.60% 7.62% 6.84% 6.64% Crawford 11.39% 8.84% 7.34% 6.98% 6.49% Gladwin 12.12% 9.07% 7.43% 6.88% 6.19% Page 23 of 26

25 Huron 9.02% 6.69% 5.32% 4.96% 5.07% Iosco 11.22% 9.06% 7.27% 6.95% 6.93% Lapeer 11.80% 9.54% 7.27% 6.33% 4.58% Mecosta 11.22% 8.64% 7.03% 6.21% 6.50% Midland 8.45% 6.26% 5.14% 4.79% 4.59% Montmorency 15.85% 11.84% 9.34% 9.17% 9.24% Ogemaw 11.85% 9.24% 7.48% 7.16% 6.74% Osceola 10.07% 8.35% 6.71% 5.62% 5.88% Oscoda 15.74% 11.05% 8.35% 6.71% 6.91% Otsego 10.33% 7.54% 6.09% 5.76% 5.68% Presque Isle 13.37% 11.15% 9% 7.69% 7.27% Sanilac 10.80% 8.15% 6.47% 6.03% 5.69% Tuscola 11.11% 8.43% 6.79% 6.18% 6.23% Michigan 9.48% 7.50% 5.79% 5.12% 4.45% Data Source: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics June. Source geography: County Page 24 of 26

26 Appendix Page 25 of 26

27 Location Percent General Population in Population Under Age 5 Persons in : General Population and Children Age Change from 2012 to 2016 Age 0-4 in Percent Age 0-4 in Percent General Population in Population Under Age 5 Age 0-4 in Percent Age 0-4 in Change in Population in Percent Change Population in Change in 0-4 Population in Michigan 17.0% 575, , % 14.6% 572, , % -228, % -26, % Alcona 15.8% % 16.0% % % % Alpena 16.8% 1, % 15.2% 1, % % % Arenac 18.3% % 16.2% % % % Bay 13.5% 5,828 1, % 15.0% 5,197 1, % 1, % % Cheboygan 18.2% 1, % 17.7% 1, % % % Clare 24.4% 1, % 21.4% 1, % -1, % % Crawford 19.3% % 21.0% % % % Gladwin 18.8% 1, % 17.7% 1, % % % Huron 15.1% 1, % 14.0% 1, % % 7 1.5% Iosco 16.7% 1, % 17.9% 1, % % % Lapeer 10.4% 4, % 10.6% 4, % % % Mecosta 20.2% 2, % 19.1% 2, % % % Midland 12.7% 4, % 9.3% 4, % -2, % % Montmorency 17.7% % 16.7% % % % Ogemaw 21.0% % 17.0% % % % Osceola 21.5% 1, % 18.7% 1, % % % Oscoda 21.0% % 18.4% % % % Otsego 13.8% 1, % 13.8% 1, % % % Presque Isle 13.9% % 14.5% % % % Sanilac 17.3% 2, % 15.4% 2, % % % Tuscola 15.2% 2, % 13.4% 2, % -1, % % Service Area 15.8% 36,494 11, % 14.8% 35,492 10, % -8, % -1, % Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Estimates Percent Change in 0-4 in Page 26 of 26

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