MARCELLUS GAS SHALE PROJECT

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1 MARCELLUS GAS SHALE PROJECT Jordan Ciezobka Gas Technology Institute (GTI) Industry Workshop: Summary of Results From Completed GTI Marcellus Shale R&D Project Variable Rate Fracturing May 7, 2013 Canonsburg, PA 1 rpsea.org

2 Contacts PI: Jordan Ciezobka Gas Technology Institute RPSEA PM: Kent Perry 2

3 Outline >Microseismic attributes related to fracturing Microseismic event density Variable Rate fracture design >Rate derivative >New R&D Project 3

4 Event Density (events/hr) Well F Stage :28:48 21:43:12 21:57:36 22:12:00 22:26:24 22:40:48 22:55:12 23:09:36 23:24:00 4

5000.00 4500.00 Event Density (events/hr) 4000.

5 Event Density (events/hr) :04:48 16:12:00 16:19:12 16:26:24 16:33:36 16:40:48 16:48:00 16:55:12 17:02:24 Well F Stage 8 5

6 Well F Stage 2 6 Event Density (events/hr) 15:21:36 15:36:00 15:50:24 16:04:48 16:19:12 16:33:36 16:48:00 17:02:24 17:16:48 17:31:12 17:45:36

4000.00 3500.00 Event Density (events/hr) 3000.

7 Event Density (events/hr) Well E Stage :09:07 10:23:31 10:37:55 10:52:19 11:06:43 11:21:07 11:35:31 11:49:55 12:04:19 12:18:43 Well E Stage 9 7

8 Microseismic Activity and Production 8

9 Introduction of Variable Pump Rate Frac Design Requirements Safe Executable, equipment limitations Low risk of screenout Cost Effective 9

10 Variable Rate Design Parameters >Variable Pump Rate Fracture Design Parameters for Design Initial Pump Rate Final Pump Rate Desired Pump Time Desired Fluid Volume Desired Proppant Mass 10

11 Variable Pump Rate Frac Design Generate Rate Curve Given Desired Pump Parameters Discretize Pump Rate to Generate Time Steps 11

12 Example of Designed Treatment Plot 12

13 Rate Derivative >Microseismic survey has shown that rate changes produce higher MS event densities >It is believed that higher MS event densities produce more complex fracture networks, resulting in higher production >Without MS data, one approach to verify this concept is to calculate the sum of the absolute rate derivative given surface pumping data and compare to production 13

14 Example of Rate Derivative Calculation Constant Rate Variable Rate 14

15 Event Density (events/hr) 17:31:12 15:21:36 15:36:00 15:50:24 16:04:48 16:19:12 16:33:36 16:48:00 17:02:24 17:16:48 17:45:36 Typical surface data used for derivative analysis

16 Rate Derivative from Surface Data >The sum of the absolute derivative over the fracturing treatment dq dt >In Excel, if data is given in 1-second interval, the derivative is: Derivative t t i f q t 1 t q t t 1sec 16

17 Analysis and Examples of Rate Derivative > Microseismic event count was correlated to the variability of pump rate, more pumping variability showed more events > Not all fracturing treatments have microseismic imaging, a way to quantify pump rate change and effect on production was needed > Can be done on individual frac stage basis if production log is available or on a well basis if no production log is available > Example of individual fracture stages with production log and rate derivative > Example of multiple wells without production log > Test Site well derivative analysis 17

18 Washington County Marcellus Well Rate Derivative and Cowden 2H Production Log and Production Contribution from Individual Frac Stages Rate Derivative 18

19 Washington County Marcellus Multi Well Pad 19

20 Rate Derivative and Total Production 20

21 North-West Wells Comparison 21

22 South-East Wells 22

$Range Resources Test Site: Well D Rate Derivative Analysis No clear trend for individual fracture stages, fractures$

23 Range Resources Test Site: Well D Rate Derivative Analysis No clear trend for individual fracture stages, fractures from adjacent wells crossed multiple wells, zipper frac complicates analysis even more b/c of preexisting fractures 23

24 Rate Derivative From Test Site >Rate derivative was calculated for each frac stage for Well D and compared to production log results Correlation was inconclusive > Well spacing close > Possible well interference during production and zipper frac implications, i.e. stress shadowing, fracture complexity > Wells shut in and produced, transient data 24

25 Proposed Frac Design Variable pump rate Increased microseismic activity Increased production 25

26 New RPSEA Project >Evaluate Variable Rate Fracturing in field >Determine why more MS events seen during rate changes, lab experiment >Progress Fracked horizontal Marcellus well in Susquehanna Co. Alternated frac stages with variable and fixed pump rate, 18 total stages, 9 variable rate, 9 constant rate Collected MS data Will run production log 26

27 Thank You! Footer goes here 27

DUG Operator Spotlight: Pioneer Natural Resources Exceptional Eagle Ford Shale. October 15, 2012

DUG Operator Spotlight: Pioneer Natural Resources Exceptional Eagle Ford Shale October 15, 2012 Forward-Looking Statements Except for historical information contained herein, the statements, charts and