How to Handle FASB s Unfair Value Standard
|
|
- Patrick Reynolds
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 How to Handle FASB s Unfair Value Standard By Colleen Cunningham November 4, 2008 I had planned to write a completely different column for this month but, much like the Treasury Department, was inspired by recent events regarding the credit crisis to change course. Let s talk about fair value accounting. First, it amazed me that the so-called Bailout Bill, as passed, had provisions associated with fair-value accounting in it. Congress isn t exactly the group that should be determining accounting standards! Last I looked, neither the House nor the Senate had any working accountants in their membership. If they only took the time to study what the Financial Accounting Standards Board was doing in the first place, they might have been able to voice their concerns well in advance of when Financial Accounting Standard No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, actually arrived. I ve been outspoken about the implementation issues associated with FAS 157, well in advance of its issuance. I do not, however, believe that this particular accounting standard should take all the blame for the current crisis. We all know that this financial crisis has many contributing factors. A quick refresher of FAS 157: It establishes a framework for how fair value of an asset or liability should be measured. Prior to the standard, accountants and auditors had many different definitions and applications of fair value. Those inconsistencies, combined with a lack of guidance, created confusion that added to financial reporting complexity. FAS 157 attempted to address those issues by delineating different types of values: those with active markets, and those that rely on more unobservable inputs. In the former, known as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, a liquid market exists where buyers and sellers can determine a fair value. For example, a financial asset traded on multiple exchanges might be considered a Level 1 market. At the other end of the spectrum, Level 3, no ready market exists to value assets or liabilities. Level 3 values are largely based on assumptions and estimates of how a market participant might value the asset or liability. FAS 157 stresses that fair value is a market-based measurement, not a measure based on what the owner of the asset or the obligor of the liability believes. In other words, fair value should be determined based on a hypothetical transaction with a market participant, in contrast to what the entity actually plans to do with the asset or
2 liability. These measurements are a good deal more theoretical than real, certainly, particularly in the current state of our capital markets. This is the crux of the issue. If you are an investor of a particular company, why would you think a value that doesn t consider the company s intent makes any sense? I don t. If my intent as an investor is to hold an investment for the long-term, I absolutely would want to know what the company viewed as its value based on its intended use, or length the company intended to hold the asset or liability. That is what would be relevant to me. FASB disagreed. As I have stated in this column before, the accounting for these transactions isn t to blame for the current crisis. But the intense lobbying of FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board by theorists purporting to represent the user community can share some of the blame. Specifically, in supporting FAS 157, they had a duty to inform investors that the accounting in the standard is not relevant in determining current operating results for a company that is a going concern and that intends to hold to maturity the assets in question. The reality is that fair value according to the FAS 157 hierarchy really is going to be a liquidation value in today s extreme market conditions. FASB and the Securities and Exchange Commission can issue all the guidance they want telling companies that they should consider that illiquid markets may not reflect market values but when a company s auditors are being scrutinized for verifiable evidence in the invasive and granular inspections by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the auditors have every incentive to err on the side of pointing to a market transaction to substantiate the value. Lacking a transaction, auditors must do a lot of difficult, timeconsuming work to validate management s assumptions of value and take what they view as unnecessary risks. And yes, they may actually have to invoke the J clause: exercise professional judgment something they have been loathe to do over the last five years. It is much easier for all to have a value, even if that value is completely irrelevant and based on the distressed, illiquid state of the capital markets. In bowing to a theorist view of fair value, FASB chose to focus on an extremely short term view of investing: What s the value if I liquidated everything today? It kills me that the regulators continue to criticize companies for managing using a short-term focus, yet they continue to issue standards that basically leave companies with little choice! I ve even heard of some companies that have actually sold some of their assets to create a value that they can use as evidence for accounting purposes, even when they initially had no intention of selling these assets in the near term. Worse, the sharp decline in fair values has forced other companies to sell these assets at these severely depressed prices to raise cash for liquidity. That simply adds to the frenzy and fear that is consuming our markets. This snowball effect has been playing out for more than a year, and has come to a head in recent weeks. How is that helpful for investors?
3 Determining Fair Value We must also remember that valuation processes and procedures not only need to be analyzed under FAS 157; they then need to be documented and audited. When determining fair value under FAS 157, one must first identify the valuation premise appropriate for the measurement consistent with its highest and best use. That phrase has no relationship to how the entity intends to use the asset. Rather, assumptions must be made about what the highest and best use is based on its likely use by other market participants. One critical question for which we currently have no guidance is whether the market participant is a financial buyer (such as private equity) or a strategic buyer (a competitor). The differences in valuation inherent in that choice can be significant. One must also determine the valuation techniques appropriate for the measurement of the asset or liability. This is complex; you must weigh the availability of data that can help develop measurement inputs, and where in the fair-value hierarchy those inputs fall. (That is, are the inputs observable or unobservable?) In addition, the inputs should represent the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The inability to determine an appropriate value is vital. Valuation is hard to do, and whatever a company may come up with, it will likely be wrong. For example, I know one company that has fully insured residential mortgage-backed securities that are valued at 35 cents on the dollar, in accordance with FAS 157. These securities were the most senior tranche, were highly rated at the date of purchase, and they have incurred no actual losses, nor are they expected to in the future. If losses ultimately do materialize, they will be covered by guaranty insurance. So how is the use of this fair value reflective of economic reality? Is this really in the interest of investors? Why not simply disclose potential current fair values rather than record them on the financial statements? That middle ground would provide theorists with their fair values, and if real working analysts want to take that into consideration, it s there for them to use. But it would not distort the going concern value of a company. The current environment requires a company to provide a value relevant only if it were to liquidate everything today. Is that realistic? As a long-term investor, how does that value make any sense to me? We must abandon this short-term view of analyzing and valuing companies! FAS 157 in Today s World As a result of the current market crisis, companies are encountering a huge dilemma in determining how to value and how to classify financial assets and liabilities into the appropriate level in the hierarchy. The market for certain financial assets and liabilities that may have clearly been classified as a Level 1 or Level 2 in the past, may have dried up. So should companies now come up with a different way to value these assets based on unobservable inputs and move them down to Level 3? Many companies did just that. But even that was called into question: At what point do we determine that a market has become illiquid?
4 FAS 157 requires entities to use observable prices when they are available, but not to use distressed values based on forced sales. In the current environment, how do we determine whether thinly traded securities are being sold at distressed prices? These are tough questions that many companies face. The SEC and FASB guidance that was issued in early October, while recognizing that a company can consider the illiquidity of the markets, does little to change the PCAOB inspection process or the auditor s aversion to anything without direct verifiable evidence that they can cite. (In fact, the PCAOB issued an audit alert to help auditors as they work through the intricacies of FAS 157 with their clients.) The SEC also issued two letters to address additional disclosure that companies should consider when using Level 3 valuations. The letters note that observable information, such as market prices, may be unavailable for some assets and liabilities measured at fair value. As a result, valuations of those assets and liabilities may include significant unobservable inputs, requiring management judgment. The SEC letters focus on disclosure in Management s Discussion and Analysis of known trends or any known demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that a company would reasonably expect to have a material effect on its results of operations, liquidity, and capital resources. Among other suggestions, the letters note that companies may want to disclose in MD&A the amount and percentage of assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs, as well as information about assets and liabilities that were previously measured using significant observable inputs that were currently measured using significant unobservable inputs (including the specific inputs that were no longer observable). They also listed potential disclosures of any changes made to valuation techniques, why they were made and the effects, as well as the effect on future liquidity and capital resources any increases or decreases in the aggregate fair value could have. FASB issued FASB Staff Position 157-d to clarify how to apply fair value accounting in illiquid markets. The way it is written, however, doesn t give much clarity. Some view the FSP as allowing for the use of more judgment; others believe it points you right back to where we are today. I find it interesting that FASB and the SEC chose to issue their recent guidance simply as clarifications of existing provisions in FAS 157, rather than undertake any real analysis of the criticisms they have been receiving since the first exposure draft FAS 157 long ago. Those criticisms at the time predicted that we would have an outcome where our financial statements no longer reflected economic reality and become misleading to investors. Companies could have told them that years ago oh, wait. We did.
5 RELATED RESOURCES Compliance Week Columnist Colleen Cunningham is the former president and CEO of Financial Executives International. She was named managing director of the New York tristate area for Resources Global Professionals in June In this role, she oversees the operations, financials, and recruiting while mentoring teams and offering strategic guidance to the six practices within the region. An internationally recognized expert on corporate financial reporting and accounting, Cunningham served as CEO of FEI for nearly four years, during which time she had significant influence in legislative and regulatory matters including Sarbanes- Oxley, pension reform, and financial accounting standards. The former chief accountant of AT&T, Cunningham was previously the SVP and CFO, North America, of Havas Advertising, which was, at the time, the fifth largest advertising holding company in the world. In that role, she was responsible for North American financial operations, including tax, controller, and treasury functions, SEC and U.S. GAAP reporting, and worldwide accounting policies. She began her career in public accounting with the firms formerly known as Touche Ross and Coopers & Lybrand. Colleen Cunningham can be reached via at Compliance Week provides general information only and does not constitute legal or financial guidance or advice.
STANDING ADVISORY GROUP MEETING
1666 K Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20006 Telephone: (202) 207-9100 Facsimile: (202) 862-8430 www.pcaobus.org STANDING ADVISORY GROUP MEETING EMERGING ISSUE AUDIT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CURRENT ECONOMIC
More informationNotice for Recipients of This Proposed FASB Staff Position
Notice for Recipients of This Proposed FASB Staff Position This proposed FASB Staff Position (FSP) provides additional guidance on determining whether a market for a financial asset is not active and a
More informationLet me turn it over now and kind of get the one of the questions that s burning in all of our minds is about Social Security and what can we expect.
Wi$e Up Webinar Catching On to Retirement September 28, 2007 Speaker 2 Diana Varela Let me turn it over now and kind of get the one of the questions that s burning in all of our minds is about Social Security
More informationMutual Fund Directors Forum
Mutual Fund Directors Forum ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH VALUATION Deloitte & Touche LLP Agenda Valuation Challenges & Issues in the Current Environment Fair Value Guidance
More informationRecent Significant Developments in Fair Value Accounting
October 15, 2009 Recent Significant Developments in Fair Value Accounting This memorandum discusses four recent significant developments relating to Accounting Standards Codification ( ASC ) Topic 820,
More informationAmerican Bank Bailout
American Bank Bailout Where is the Bailout Money? The bailout has been a topic of conversation at nearly every social gathering I am been at in the last few weeks. And most of the time one question surfaces,
More informationNotice for Recipients. This Proposed FASB Staff Position
Notice for Recipients of This Proposed FASB Staff Position This proposed FASB Staff Position (FSP) would amend FASB Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, to clarify its application in an inactive
More informationTitle: Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active
FASB STAFF POSITION No. FAS 157-3 Title: Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active Date Issued: October 10, 2008 Objective 1. This FASB Staff Position
More informationScenic Video Transcript End-of-Period Accounting and Business Decisions Topics. Accounting decisions: o Accrual systems.
Income Statements» What s Behind?» Income Statements» Scenic Video www.navigatingaccounting.com/video/scenic-end-period-accounting-and-business-decisions Scenic Video Transcript End-of-Period Accounting
More informationNCREIF Valuation Committee FAS 157: Fair Value Measurements - Revisited July 12, *connectedthinking
NCREIF Valuation Committee FAS 157: Fair Value Measurements - Revisited July 12, 2012 *connectedthinking p w c Agenda Basic Principles of FAS 157/ASC 820 Application of the Framework to Real Estate Investments
More informationHow to Find and Qualify for the Best Loan for Your Business
How to Find and Qualify for the Best Loan for Your Business With so many business loans available to you these days, where do you get started? What loan product is right for you, and how do you qualify
More informationMaking your mark ROUNDTABLE
ROUNDTABLE Making your mark Valuing a portfolio company in a way that s fair, accurate and suits investors is easier than it was 10 years ago. pfm s roundtable discuss the changes in the industry by TOBY
More informationChapter 5 THE AUDIT REPORT
Chapter 5 THE AUDIT REPORT 23 1. Introduction Now we begin to look at the audit report. For many people, this is the only purpose of an audit and it s one of the few parts of the financial statements they
More informationThe Hard Lessons of Stock Market History
The Hard Lessons of Stock Market History The Lessons of Stock Market History If you re like most people, you believe there s a great deal of truth in the old adage that history tends to repeats itself
More informationSuperseded by the FASB Accounting Standards Codification on July 1, 2009 FASB STAFF POSITION. Objective. Background FSP FAS No.
FASB STAFF POSITION No. FAS 157-4 Title: Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly
More informationTop 20 Mortgage Mistakes Home Buyers Make (and How to Avoid Them)
Top 20 Mortgage Mistakes Home Buyers Make (and How to Avoid Them) Buying a home is the biggest investment most of us will ever make. Unfortunately, it s also the greatest opportunity to make a bad decision
More information20 Mortgage. Mistakes. Top. Home Buyers Make. (and How to Avoid Them) $49.00
$49.00 Buying a home is the biggest investment most of us will ever make. Unfortunately, it s also the greatest opportunity to make a bad decision that could end up costing thousands of dollars. Top 20
More informationSTANDING ADVISORY GROUP MEETING
1666 K Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20006 Telephone: (202) 207-9100 Facsimile: (202)862-8430 www.pcaobus.org Review of Existing Standards Evaluating and Reporting on Fair Presentation in Conformity With
More informationReal Estate Private Equity Case Study 3 Opportunistic Pre-Sold Apartment Development: Waterfall Returns Schedule, Part 1: Tier 1 IRRs and Cash Flows
Real Estate Private Equity Case Study 3 Opportunistic Pre-Sold Apartment Development: Waterfall Returns Schedule, Part 1: Tier 1 IRRs and Cash Flows Welcome to the next lesson in this Real Estate Private
More informationInternational Money and Banking: 3. Liquidity and Solvency
International Money and Banking: 3. Liquidity and Solvency Karl Whelan School of Economics, UCD Spring 2018 Karl Whelan (UCD) Liquidity and Solvency Spring 2018 1 / 17 Liquidity and Solvency: Definition
More informationSTANDING ADVISORY GROUP MEETING
1666 K Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20006 Telephone: (202) 207-9100 Facsimile: (202)862-8430 www.pcaobus.org STANDING ADVISORY GROUP MEETING AUDITING ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS JUNE
More informationCollect the Biggest Dividends In Stock Market History
Collect the Biggest Dividends In Stock Market History Myth: Big dividends are risky, and signal that a company is in trouble. Reality: the biggest dividends can be some of the safest single income opportunities
More informationChapter 01. The Role of the Public Accountant in the American Economy. McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Chapter 01 The Role of the Public Accountant in the American Economy McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Assurance services The broad range of information
More informationThis presentation is part of a three part series.
As a club treasurer, you ll have certain tasks you ll be performing each month to keep your clubs financial records. In tonight s presentation, we ll cover the basics of how you should perform these. Monthly
More informationNovember 3, VIA Office of the Secretary PCAOB 1666 K Street, N.W. Washington DC
November 3, 2014 VIA Email Office of the Secretary PCAOB 1666 K Street, N.W. Washington DC 20006-2803. comments@pcaobus.org RE: PCAOB Staff Consultation Paper, Auditing Accounting Estimates and Fair Value
More informationThe figures in the left (debit) column are all either ASSETS or EXPENSES.
Correction of Errors & Suspense Accounts. 2008 Question 7. Correction of Errors & Suspense Accounts is pretty much the only topic in Leaving Cert Accounting that requires some knowledge of how T Accounts
More informationYou have many choices when it comes to money and investing. Only one was created with you in mind. A Structured Settlement can provide hope and a
You have many choices when it comes to money and investing. Only one was created with you in mind. A Structured Settlement can provide hope and a secure future. Tax-Free. Guaranteed Benefits. Custom-Designed.
More informationSEC Study Recommends Keeping Mark-to-Market Accounting
January 7, 2009 SEC Study Recommends Keeping Mark-to-Market Accounting Background On December 30, 2008, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC ) issued its study 1 on fair value accounting. 2
More informationThis presentation is part of a three part series.
As a club treasurer, you ll have certain tasks you ll be performing each month to keep your clubs financial records. In tonights presentation, we ll cover the basics of how you should perform these. Monthly
More informationPUBLIC COMPANY ACCOUNTING OVERSIGHT BOARD. Public Meeting on the Auditor s Reporting Model. Washington, D.C. April 2, 2014
PUBLIC COMPANY ACCOUNTING OVERSIGHT BOARD Public Meeting on the Auditor s Reporting Model Washington, D.C. April 2, 2014 Lynn Turner 1 I want to thank Chairman Doty and his fellow board members for inviting
More informationBDC Roundtable Fair Value: The Continuing Development of FAS 157 (Topic 820)
BDC Roundtable Fair Value: The Continuing Development of FAS 157 (Topic 820) September 16, 2009 Warren Hirschhorn Ross Hostetter Outline I. Implementation Assessment. II. III. FASB Exposure Draft: Improving
More informationWhat s Working and Not Working for 401(k) Small Plan Participants
What s Working and Not Working for 401(k) Small Plan Participants The Guardian Small Plan 401(k) RetireWell StudySM 2.0 GUARDIAN RETIREMENT SOLUTIONS FOR PLAN SPONSORS Who Did We Survey? Methodology Guardian
More informationSTOP RENTING AND OWN A HOME FOR LESS THAN YOU ARE PAYING IN RENT WITH VERY LITTLE MONEY DOWN
STOP RENTING AND OWN A HOME FOR LESS THAN YOU ARE PAYING IN RENT WITH VERY LITTLE MONEY DOWN 1. This free report will show you the tax benefits of owning your own home as well as: 2. How to get pre-approved
More informationQuarterly Accounting Update
Quarterly Accounting Update March 15, 2005 Agenda Guidance You Need to Know Now: Share-Based Payment Current Leasing Issues Income Taxes Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations Accounting Changes Other
More information& Valuation. Litigation BRIEFING. Struggling economy presents business valuation challenges. Lucent sheds light on patent infringement damages
May/June 2010 & Valuation Litigation BRIEFING Struggling economy presents business valuation challenges Lucent sheds light on patent infringement damages What s behind the veil? Digging for the truth in
More informationHOMEOWNERS GUIDE. Mistakes Nearly Everyone Makes. Dirty Tricks of the Mortgage Industry. Secrets About Your Credit Score
HOMEOWNERS GUIDE How to Avoid the Mistakes Nearly Everyone Makes When Getting a Home Loan 5 Mistakes Nearly Everyone Makes 4 Dirty Tricks of the Mortgage Industry 3 Secrets About Your Credit Score Imnp
More informationMonthly Treasurers Tasks
As a club treasurer, you ll have certain tasks you ll be performing each month to keep your clubs financial records. In tonights presentation, we ll cover the basics of how you should perform these. Monthly
More informationTESTIMONY OF BRUCE MARKS. Chief Executive Officer. Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America (NACA)
TESTIMONY OF BRUCE MARKS Chief Executive Officer Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America (NACA) My name is Bruce Marks. I am Chief Executive Officer of the Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of
More information10 Errors to Avoid When Refinancing
10 Errors to Avoid When Refinancing I just refinanced from a 3.625% to a 3.375% 15 year fixed mortgage with Rate One (No financial relationship, but highly recommended.) If you are paying above 4% and
More informationI. OVERVIEW OF FIRMS. Table of Contents FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL REPORTING UPDATE PRESENTATION TO DALLAS CPA SOCIETY.
Table of Contents Overview of Firms 2 ASC 820: Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures 5 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL REPORTING UPDATE PRESENTATION TO DALLAS CPA SOCIETY MAY 4, 2012 ASC 805: Business
More informationHow Do You Calculate Cash Flow in Real Life for a Real Company?
How Do You Calculate Cash Flow in Real Life for a Real Company? Hello and welcome to our second lesson in our free tutorial series on how to calculate free cash flow and create a DCF analysis for Jazz
More informationMonthly Treasurers Tasks
As a club treasurer, you ll have certain tasks you ll be performing each month to keep your clubs financial records. In tonights presentation, we ll cover the basics of how you should perform these. Monthly
More informationAuditing and Assurance Services, 15e (Arens) Chapter 2 The CPA Profession. Learning Objective 2-1
Auditing and Assurance Services, 15e (Arens) Chapter 2 The CPA Profession Learning Objective 2-1 1) The legal right to perform audits is granted to a CPA firm by regulation of: A) each state. B) the Financial
More informationClub Accounts - David Wilson Question 6.
Club Accounts - David Wilson. 2011 Question 6. Anyone familiar with Farm Accounts or Service Firms (notes for both topics are back on the webpage you found this on), will have no trouble with Club Accounts.
More informationHOMEPATH BUYERS GUIDE
HOMEPATH BUYERS GUIDE WWW.HOMEPATH.COM Buyers Guide Buyers Guide For a Fannie Mae-owned Home Whether you re buying your first home or your fifth, the experience can be exciting, confusing, overwhelming
More informationHow ASU Will Affect Your Not-for-Profit Entities Part I: Liquidity and Expense Allocation. December 8, 2016
How ASU 2016-14 Will Affect Your Not-for-Profit Entities Part I: Liquidity and Expense Allocation December 8, 2016 Today s Presenters Trent Foster, CPA Partner Weaver Education and Nonprofit Practice Leader
More information3 P a g e. Following is a summary of key points that were made:
Panel Introduction (Jim Gregory) The brand is an intangible, which in accordance with GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) cannot be placed on the balance sheet unless it has been bought or
More informationLetter of Comment No: 13 'I File Reference: EITF03-1A
October 29, 2004 Letter of Comment No: 13 'I File Reference: EITF03-1A Mr. Lawrence W. Smith Director-Technical Application and Implementation Activities and EITF Chair Financial Accounting Standards Board
More informationBUYING YOUR FIRST HOME
BUYING YOUR FIRST HOME Finding the home of your dreams is the tough part, the mortgage process shouldn t be. That s why we ve created a guide to make your first-time home buying experience easier. This
More informationHOW YOU CAN INVEST YOUR MONEY IN TODAY S MARKET THROUGH PRIVATE MONEY LENDING
HOW YOU CAN INVEST YOUR MONEY IN TODAY S MARKET THROUGH PRIVATE MONEY LENDING Legal Notice Copyright Notice. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
More informationThinking of trading contracts for difference (CFDs)?
Thinking of trading contracts for difference (CFDs)? This guide from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) can help you assess the risks of CFDs. How this booklet can help you Contents
More informationBINARY OPTIONS: A SMARTER WAY TO TRADE THE WORLD'S MARKETS NADEX.COM
BINARY OPTIONS: A SMARTER WAY TO TRADE THE WORLD'S MARKETS NADEX.COM CONTENTS To Be or Not To Be? That s a Binary Question Who Sets a Binary Option's Price? And How? Price Reflects Probability Actually,
More information277 East Town Street
Project No. 26 5P 26-SP -P2F2 P2F2 Response to Preliminary Views Public: Pension Pensi'on Financial Financ:ial Forum c/o e;jo Qilio Ohio Public Pllbli~ Employee EmlllQvee Retirement Ret.iremel\t System
More informationSAMURAI SCROOGE: IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
SAMURAI SCROOGE: IMPORTANT CONCEPTS CONTENTS 1. Trend vs. swing trading 2. Mechanical vs. discretionary trading 3. News 4. Drawdowns 5. Money management 6. Letting the system do the work 7. Trade journal
More informationTAX LIEN INVESTING REPORT
Tax Lien Investing for Robust Returns TAX LIEN INVESTING REPORT Tax Lien Investing for Robust Returns Tax-related investments such as tax lien certificates and tax deeds are unique and little-talked- about
More informationUNDERSTANDING AND PREPARING FOR BANKRUPTCY. Lewis & Jurnovoy P.A.
UNDERSTANDING AND PREPARING FOR BANKRUPTCY Lewis & Jurnovoy P.A. WARNING SIGNS If you are in financial trouble, you are not alone. At Lewis & Jurnovoy, P.A. we ve helped thousands of people just like you
More informationScript Raising Private Money from People You Know. For Students Just Getting Started in Real Estate Investing
(Page 1 of 6) FFA = Friends, Family members, or Associate(s) Your FFA Answers the Phone Live: FFA: Hi, (Name of FFA), this is (Student Name). Did I catch you at a good time? I wanted to run something by
More informationECO155L19.doc 1 OKAY SO WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS WE WANT TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN NOMINAL AND REAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. WE SORT OF
ECO155L19.doc 1 OKAY SO WHAT WE WANT TO DO IS WE WANT TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN NOMINAL AND REAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. WE SORT OF GOT A LITTLE BIT OF A MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION TO GO THROUGH HERE. THESE
More informationBy JW Warr
By JW Warr 1 WWW@AmericanNoteWarehouse.com JW@JWarr.com 512-308-3869 Have you ever found out something you already knew? For instance; what color is a YIELD sign? Most people will answer yellow. Well,
More informationAN INTRO TO. Sale-Leasebacks. A Guide to Sale-Leasebacks for Small and Midsized Companies. By Beau Beach, CCIM CPM.
AN INTRO TO Sale-Leasebacks A Guide to Sale-Leasebacks for Small and Midsized Companies By Beau Beach, CCIM CPM A Publication of LO INTRODUCTION How do small and midsized companies leave money on the table?
More informationREFINANCING GUIDE Understand all your options, with our Refinancing Guide.
REFINANCING GUIDE Understand all your options, with our Refinancing Guide. 2018 ed. Michael Short 02 8091 5797 info@obtainfinance.com.au obtainfinance.com.au Obtain Finance, Australian Business Number
More informationTD BANK FINANCIAL GROUP LEADERSHIP VIEWS WITH BHARAT MASRANI FEBRUARY 3, 2010
TD BANK FINANCIAL GROUP LEADERSHIP VIEWS WITH BHARAT MASRANI FEBRUARY 3, 2010 DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS TRANSCRIPT IS A TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION OF THE TORONTO-DOMINION BANK S ( TD ) LEADERSHIP
More informationCLEARPATH. Loyalty Program LENDING. NMLS:
CLEARPATH LENDING Loyalty Program NMLS: 936436 www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org Our Oath, Our Pledge, Our Loyalty ClearPath Lending is a nationwide mortgage lender committed to going above and beyond to satisfy
More informationMichael L. Gullette Vice President Accounting and Financial Management August 12, 2016
Michael L. Gullette Vice President Accounting and Financial Management 202-663-4986 mgullette@aba.com Office of the Secretary Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 1666 K Street, NW 20006-2803 Via
More informationI m going to cover 6 key points about FCF here:
Free Cash Flow Overview When you re valuing a company with a DCF analysis, you need to calculate their Free Cash Flow (FCF) to figure out what they re worth. While Free Cash Flow is simple in theory, in
More informationHOW YOU CAN SAFELY INVEST YOUR MONEY IN TODAY S MARKET THROUGH PRIVATE MONEY LENDING
HOW YOU CAN SAFELY INVEST YOUR MONEY IN TODAY S MARKET THROUGH PRIVATE MONEY LENDING Legal Notice Copyright Notice All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
More informationRetirement Investments Insurance Health. When. new. regulations. land we re here to. explain. their impact. A customer guide to the Insurance Act 2015
Retirement Investments Insurance Health When new regulations land we re here to explain their impact A customer guide to the Insurance Act 2015 Contents What is it? The key changes IA and you IA and brokers
More informationLitigation & Valuation Report. BCC Advisers LITIGATION SUPPORT BUSINESS VALUATION MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS
BCC Advisers Litigation & Valuation Report JULY/AUGUST 2016 When can an expert consider subsequent events? The ins and outs of control and marketability Redstone v. Commissioner Timing is critical when
More informationDEMOTT BANKRUPTCY GUIDE. 10 Steps. to rebuilding your financial life BY RUSSELL A. DEMOTT
DEMOTT BANKRUPTCY GUIDE 10 Steps to rebuilding your financial life BY RUSSELL A. DEMOTT Table of Contents The Initial Consultation 3 The Client Questionnaire 4 Documents 5 The Intake Interview 8 Case Preparation
More informationSEC Proposes New Rules To Implement Provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Regarding Service of Financial Experts on Audit Committees, Codes of Ethics
SEC Proposes New Rules To Implement Provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Regarding Service of Financial Experts on Audit Committees, Codes of Ethics and Internal Controls October 30, 2002 SEC Proposes
More informationThis is the Human-Centric Investing Podcast with John Diehl, where we look at the world of investing for the eyes of our clients. Take it away, John.
Human-Centric Investing Podcast February 2, 2019 Episode 25, Social Security: How will benefits be taxed? Host: John Diehl, John Diehl, Sr. Vice President, Strategic Markets, Hartford Funds Featured Guest:
More informationWrestling with Something Else : Why this Gold Bear Market Is Different
Wrestling with Something Else : Why this Gold Bear Market Is Different May 15, 2015 by Frank Holmes of U.S. Global Investors Earlier this week, I had the pleasure to appear on Jim Puplava s Financial Sense
More informationBlueCrest testimony to House Finance Committee - March 22, 2017
BlueCrest testimony to House Finance Committee - March 22, 2017 Slide 1 Good afternoon Co-Chairs Foster and Seaton, and members of the Committee. For the record, my name is J. Benjamin Johnson. I am the
More informationTIC has reviewed the ED and is providing the following comments for your consideration. GENERAL COMMENTS
December 9, 2015 Susan M. Cosper, CPA Technical Director FASB 401 Merritt 7 PO Box 5116 Norwalk, CT 06856 5116 Re: September 24, 2015 Exposure Draft of a Proposed Accounting Standards Update (ASU), Notes
More informationOral History Program Series: Civil Service Interview no.: S11
An initiative of the National Academy of Public Administration, and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Bobst Center for Peace and Justice, Princeton University Oral History
More informationA COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NEC3 AND NEC4 PSC
First Edition January 2018 A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NEC3 AND NEC4 PSC Author: Natalie Reyneke Employers need professionals to design their works it is the reality of construction contracts. Contractors
More informationCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index. P1: OTA/XYZ P2: ABC ind JWBT200-Zyla October 16, :16 Printer Name: To Come
Index Accounting firms, 8 Accounting methods acquisition method. See Acquisition method accounting hedge accounting, 32 history of, 4, 60, 61 investment funds, 252 pooling of interests, 4, 60, 85 purchase
More informationSeptember 9, 2010 Technical Director Financial Accounting Standards Board 401 Merritt 7 Norwalk, CT File Reference: No.
September 9, 2010 Technical Director Financial Accounting Standards Board 401 Merritt 7 Norwalk, CT 06856-5116 File Reference: No. 1830-100 Dear Mr. Golden: The Financial Reporting Executive Committee
More informationYOU ARE NOT ALONE Hello, my name is <name> and I m <title>.
So I know why you re here: I bet you ve got some questions about your money: what to do with it, how to make the most of it and how to hopefully get more of it. You ve got questions and the good news is
More informationNonprofit Observer. After the TCJA How to keep the giving going this holiday season. New revenue guidance provides direction to nonprofits
Nonprofit Observer After the TCJA How to keep the giving going this holiday season New revenue guidance provides direction to nonprofits Nonprofit accounting is different: Here s how Building an effective
More information2015 Performance Report Forex End Of Day Signals Set & Forget Forex Signals
2015 Performance Report Forex End Of Day Signals Set & Forget Forex Signals Main Site -> http://www.forexinvestinglive.com
More information2 4 Generally accepted auditing standards are the Statements on Auditing Standards issued by the Auditing Standards Board.
CHAPTER 2 Professional Standards Review Questions 2 1 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 created the PCAOB and gave this body authority to develop auditing standards for the audits of public companies. The
More information4 BIG REASONS YOU CAN T AFFORD TO IGNORE BUSINESS CREDIT!
SPECIAL REPORT: 4 BIG REASONS YOU CAN T AFFORD TO IGNORE BUSINESS CREDIT! Provided compliments of: 4 Big Reasons You Can t Afford To Ignore Business Credit Copyright 2012 All rights reserved. No part of
More informationCourse Name: Going Concern Assessment It s Your Responsibility Now, Management
Course Name: Going Concern Assessment It s Your Responsibility Now, Management Speaker: Kathy Schrock, The CFO Suite LLC Course Description: This presentation will cover key provisions and terminology
More informationModule 4. Table of Contents
Copyright Notice. Each module of the course manual may be viewed online, saved to disk, or printed (each is composed of 10 to 15 printed pages of text) by students enrolled in the author s accounting course
More informationRe: Rulemaking docket matter No.34: Concept Release on Possible Revisions to PCAOB Standards Related to Reports on Audited Financial Statements
www.lilly.com Eli Lilly and Company Lilly Corporate Center Indianapolis, Indiana 46285 U.S.A. September 30, 2011 Office of the Secretary PCAOB 1666 K Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006-2803 Re: Rulemaking
More informationPROFESSIONAL ETHICS CASES WORLDCOM AND KOGER PROPERTIES
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS CASES WORLDCOM AND KOGER PROPERTIES Auditing Ing. Oleksandra Lemeshko Cláudia Dias - 464353 Masaryk University October 2016 WORLDCOM CASE 3.4 Agenda Introduction to case 3.4 WorldCom
More informationNature of Business and Accounting
Nature of Business and Accounting A business is an organization in which basic resources (inputs), such as materials and labor, are assembled and processed to provide goods or services (outputs) to customers.
More informationOn Obtaining OSFI Approval
Strategic Information Technology Limited On Obtaining OSFI Approval Strategic Information Technology sits down with financial veteran Philip Buxton to ask a few questions about the OSFI approval process.
More informationFirst Home Buyer Guide.
First Home Buyer Guide. CONTENTS 3. Where to Start 4. What to expect from you LoanSeeker broker 5. Government Help 6. Credit History Check 7. Deposit Talk 8. Finding the right loan 9. Home loan types 10.
More informationROUNDTABLE PE MANAGER APRIL 2014 ISSUE 116
18 VALUATION Evolving practices The speed at which GPs have formalized their valuation policies and procedures much of it in response to heightened scrutiny from regulators and investors has been nothing
More informationChurch Administration Matters
Church Administration Matters Greg Hickle Minnesota District Secretary/Treasurer Church Budgeting 101 Except that it has 6 letters many people seem to have the idea that BUDGET is a 4-letter word. Many
More informationJoel Gerber Brannen, Searcy & Smith, LLP
THE CLOSING PROCESS Joel Gerber Brannen, Searcy & Smith, LLP 22 East 34th Street, Savannah, GA 31401 SavannahRealEstateLawyer.com jgerber@brannenlaw.com 912-484-1996 What is a closing and what does the
More informationPennyStockProphet.com:
PennyStockProphet.com: Everything You Need To Know Before Investing In Micro Cap Stocks By James Connelly A.K.A. The Penny Stock Prophet www.pennystockprophet.com Getting Started Investing In Micro-Cap
More informationMA 1125 Lecture 14 - Expected Values. Wednesday, October 4, Objectives: Introduce expected values.
MA 5 Lecture 4 - Expected Values Wednesday, October 4, 27 Objectives: Introduce expected values.. Means, Variances, and Standard Deviations of Probability Distributions Two classes ago, we computed the
More informationThe Mortgage Guide Helping you find the right mortgage for you
The Mortgage Guide Helping you find the right mortgage for you Hello. We re the Which? Mortgage Advisers team. Buying a house is the biggest financial commitment most of us ever make. And it can be stressful.
More informationKnow when to use them.know when to lose them
Know when to use them.know when to lose them Or, why an income rider is rarely appropriate.. Before I get started please let me state something clearly: there is nothing wrong with buying an income rider
More informationRetirement Planning Newsletter Spring 2015
Retirement Planning Newsletter Spring 2015 Notice something different? The retirement services business of Great-West Financial has a new name Empower Retirement! Our goal is to help you replace for life
More informationLet Diversification Do Its Job
Let Diversification Do Its Job By CARL RICHARDS Sunday, January 13, 2013 The New York Times Investors typically set up a diversified investment portfolio to reduce their risk. Just hold a good mix of different
More informationShould Financial Institutions Mark to Market? * Franklin Allen. University of Pennsylvania. and.
Should Financial Institutions Mark to Market? * Franklin Allen University of Pennsylvania allenf@wharton.upenn.edu and Elena Carletti Center for Financial Studies and University of Frankfurt carletti@ifk-cfs.de
More information