Municipal Guarantee Board Finland

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1 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 SUB-SOVEREIGN CREDIT ANALYSIS Municipal Guarantee Board Finland Table of Contents: SUMMARY RATING RATIONALE 1 RATING OUTLOOK 1 WHAT COULD CHANGE THE RATING -- DOWN 1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 2 KEY RATING CONSIDERATIONS 2 Franchise Value 2 Risk Positioning 3 Financial Position and Performance Liquidity 3 3 Efficiency 4 Capitalisation 4 Asset Quality RATING HISTORY ISSUER RATING 4 5 COMPANY ANNUAL STATISTICS 6 MOODY S RELATED RESEARCH 9 Analyst Contacts: LONDON Roshana Arasaratnam Vice President - Senior Analyst roshana.arasaratnam@moodys.com David Rubinoff Managing Director - Sub Sovereigns david.rubinoff@moodys.com Summary Rating Rationale The Aaa rating of the Municipal Guarantee Board (MGB), with stable outlook, is underpinned by its public-policy mandate and strong franchise value. The rating also reflects:» Its exclusive guarantee of the obligations of Municipality Finance Plc (MuniFin, Aaa stable);» Its adequate financial fundamentals and sufficient liquidity to meet an unlikely call under any of its guarantees;» The guarantee by Finnish local governments of MGB s obligations and the long-term stability of the Finnish municipality sector; Calls under the guarantee will only be triggered if MuniFin is unable to meet its obligations. As MuniFin operates under strict asset-liability management criteria and prudent liquidity guidelines, Moody s currently believes it unlikely that it would need to resort to support from its guarantor. Rating Outlook The rating outlook is stable. What Could Change the Rating -- Down A change in the guarantee or deterioration in the financial strength of Finnish local governments may exert pressure on MGB s rating. Any alterations in the fundamental supportive structure of the local government sector or a downgrade of the sovereign rating could lead to a negative rating action. This Credit Analysis provides an in-depth discussion of credit rating(s) for Municipal Guarantee Board and should be read in conjunction with Moody s most recent Credit Opinion and rating information available on Moody's website.

2 Company Overview Following its establishment by law in 1996, the MGB took over as guarantor of MuniFin s debt. The primary purpose of MGB is to safeguard and to develop joint funding for Finnish municipalities by providing guarantees for credit institutions owned and controlled by municipalities. MuniFin is the only credit institution owned and controlled by municipalities in Finland. Key Rating Considerations Franchise Value MGB was established with the purpose of safeguarding and developing joint municipal funding by providing guarantees for entities owned or controlled by municipalities, who in turn provide loans to local governments for public-service purposes or social housing. The creation of a new guarantor was deemed necessary due to the expansion of the activities of Municipality Finance Plc (MuniFin). MuniFin remains the only institution benefiting from the MGB guarantee. 1 As of January 1, 2013, MGB s membership included 303 of the 304 local governments in Finland, representing approximately 99.95% of the Finnish population. If a municipal member failed to pay its obligations, other members would be jointly liable up to their share of participation in the shortfall according to the (Finnish) act on MGB. MuniFin a specialised local government lender MuniFin, a specialised lender to Finnish local governments, to entities controlled by local governments and state guaranteed housing entities, was established in May 2001 through a merger between Municipal Housing Finance Plc and Municipality Finance Plc. MuniFin s mandate is to provide local governments and state guaranteed housing entities with advantageous financial services whilst operating efficiently and profitably. MuniFin was able to increase its net profit to almost 51million in 2011 from approximately 43 million in In recent years, MuniFin has effectively become the sole financing source for Finnish local governments and state guaranteed housing entities, with a market share in excess of 80% in Commercial banks and other lenders have withdrawn from the market in response to their higher funding costs. MuniFin is owned by Finnish local governments (53.3%, Helsinki the largest at 10.4%) together with Keva (formerly the LGPI; 30.7%), the central government (16.0%) and the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities (1.1%). The only entities permitted to be shareholders in MuniFin without special consent by the Board of Directors of MuniFin are Keva, Finnish local governments or the entities owned by them, and the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. The Finnish local government sector is a significant component of the economy, making up approximately 20% of GDP and 20% of total employment in the country. 2 MuniFin is supervised by the Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority (FIN-FSA, Finanssivalvonta). 1 MuniFin has within its balance sheet legacy liabilities of the former Municipality Finance Plc and Municipal Housing Finance, Plc. 2 The Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities 2 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

3 Risk Positioning Governance structure brings in central and local governments; affirms low risk tolerance The Ministry of Finance appoints MGB s council of 15 members at the recommendation of the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. Members serve four-year terms. The council appoints a board of seven members, and the board in turn appoints the managing director for MGB. The MGB has its own auditor as well as one appointed by the Ministry of Finance. By law, MGB must invest its surplus liquidity with considerations of safety, yield, and liquidity; in practice investments are investment grade and held to maturity. The investment policy of MGB allocates 50% of investments to investment-grade debt instruments issued by governments and banks and 50% to other investments, which range from capital secured debt to equities and fund investments. Financial Position and Performance Simple operating model produces stable results It is intended that MGB should be self-financing and should create extra liquidity over the long term through fees on the guarantees it provides. In 2011, MGB reported a profit of 1.15 million compared with 0.67 million in 2010 given an increase in guarantee premium income. The profit was transferred to the fund % of MGB s total revenue in 2011 ( 2.00 million) was derived from guarantee fees paid by MuniFin. These fees are priced against the guarantee exposure. The remaining revenue is the yield on its investment portfolio. The fair value reserve in the balance sheet was re-valued downwards from 0.65 million to negative 0.18 million. No impairments were applied against the portfolio. Equity increased from 12.6 million to 12.9 million as of year-end As of 2011, the annual fee that MGB charges MuniFin was raised from 1.5 million to 2.0 million as a provision for the counterparty exposures on derivatives of MuniFin. The increase of the fee will be passed on to MuniFin s local government members through a rise in borrowing costs as a reflection of these risks. The fee structure and limitations on investment income significantly limit upside to MGB s profitability. Liquidity Several levels of liquidity are in place before an MGB call Were MuniFin to encounter any difficulty in meeting its obligations, a MuniFin investor or a derivative counterparty can immediately claim payments from MGB. Claims by the MGB to its members for their share of contributions to satisfy any calls on the guarantee can be collected without a court order. If the municipal member was unable to pay its share of such a call, other members would be jointly liable in proportion for this shortfall as well, in proportion to their respective population (Section 10 of the Act on the Municipal Guarantee Board, as amended). In addition to providing security by demand for bondholders, MGB has the discretion under its standing orders to provide funds to MuniFin as needed, in advance of a distress scenario crystallising. Moody s understands that the procedures and timing of such financial support has been tested by both MuniFin and MGB. 3 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

4 To avoid the need for such action, MuniFin and MGB have put in place several layers of protection, before needing to call additional capital under the guarantee. MuniFin holds liquid securities and cash in amounts sufficient to meet at least six months of cash flow needs (new lending included) without access to new funding. MGB also has access to 150 million liquidity facilities to support the timeliness of its guarantee. MGB also has a modest 12.2 million of investments as of December 2011, built up over time from guarantee fees and investment returns. Efficiency MGB has low costs and only three employees. Management s other activities involve promoting the discussions and decisions of the Board, and facilitating policy-related discussion between MuniFin, the MGB members, and government ministries as relevant. Capitalisation The low capital levels (approximately 0.1% of given guarantees) are mitigated by the support mechanisms in place for covering any call on a guarantee, especially the back-up liquidity facility and the relatively rapid procedures for obtaining extra capital from the member local governments. These factors are supported by the low risk profile and the good visibility of MGB s and MuniFin s business. Asset Quality MuniFin s asset quality is the key element in assessing MGB s risk. The Finnish local government sector is regarded as one of the most sound in Europe. MuniFin s lending is limited to the following types of borrowers (with share of lending as of 31 December 2011):» local governments (43% of the total loan portfolio);» entities guaranteed by local governments that are members of MGB, such as municipal companies (13% of the total loan portfolio);» municipal federations (5% of the total loan portfolio); and/or» housing corporations (39% of the total loan portfolio) All local governments and their guaranteed entities are weighted at zero risk by FSA-FIN. Loans granted to municipalities and financed through these bonds are pledged as security to MGB. For a full description of MuniFin s credit, please see the credit analysis on Municipality Finance at Application of Joint-Default Analysis As a reflection of the application of Moody s Joint-Default Analysis Methodology for Government- Related Issuers, MGB s rating is composed of two principal inputs: a baseline credit assessment (BCA), a very high likelihood of extraordinary support and a high default dependence, mainly reflecting the joint guarantee from its Finnish municipal members. 4 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

5 Rating History Issuer rating Municipal Guarantee Board 12 Aug 2004 Aaa Rating assigned 5 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

6 Company Annual Statistics Municipal Guarantee Board 30/12/ /12/ /12/ /12/ /12/ /31/2006 Summary Balance Sheet (EUR million) Cash & central bank Due from banks Securities Gross loans Loan loss reserves (LLR) Insurance assets Fixed assets Other assets Total assets Total assets (USD million) [1] Demand deposits Savings deposits [2] Due to banks Market funds Insurance liabilities Other liabilities Total liabilities Subordinated debt Shareholders' equity Total capital funds Total liabilities & capital funds Derivatives - notional amount Derivatives - replacement value Contigent liabilities 17, , , , , , Risk weighted assets (RWA) Assets under management (EUR million) [3] Number of employees Summary Income Statement +Interest income Interest expense =Net Interest income Trading income FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

7 Municipal Guarantee Board 30/12/ /12/ /12/ /12/ /12/ /31/2006 +Fees & commissions Insurance income (net) Other operating income =Operating income Personnel expenses Other operating expenses = Operating funds flow Amortisation/depreciation (Total operating expenses) =Preprovision income (PPI) Loan loss provisions (LLP) Other non operating adjustments [4] Extraordinary profit / loss =Pretax income Taxes =Net income Minority interests =Net income (group share) Growth Rates (%) Gross loans Total assets Customer deposits (demand and savings) Net interest income Fee and commission income Operating expenses Preprovision income Net Income Liquidity, Funding & Balance Sheet Composition Avg. liquid assets % avg. total assets Avg. gross loans % avg. total assets Avg. customer deposits % avg. total funding Avg. interbank funds % avg. total funding Avg. market funds (excl. interbank) % avg. total funding Avg. sub debt % total funding Avg. liquid assets % avg. customer deposits Avg. gross loans % avg. customer deposits Avg. market funds reliance [5] Avg. RWA % avg. total assets FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

8 Municipal Guarantee Board Breakdown of Operating Income in % 30/12/ /12/ /12/ /12/ /12/ /31/2006 Net interest income % operating income Trading income % operating income Fees & commissions % operating income Insurance income % operating income Other operating income % operating income Profitability Yield on avg. earning assets (%) Cost of interest bearing liabilities (%) Net interest margin (%) Recurring earning power (PPI % avg. assets) Risk-weighted recurring earning power (PPI % avg. RWA) Return on average assets (%) Return on avg. RWA (%) Return on equity (period end) (%) Net interest income coverage of loan loss provisions Loan loss provisions % preprovision income Internal capital growth (%) Dividend payout ratio (%) Efficiency Cost/income ratio (operating expenses % operating income) Operating expenses % average assets Operating income / employee (EUR thousand) Operating expenses / employee (EUR thousand) PPI / employee (EUR thousand) Total assets / employee (EUR million) Capital Adequacy (Period End) Tier 1 ratio (%) Total capital ratio (%) Shareholders' equity % total assets Equity participations % shareholders' equity [1] USD figure uses historical exchange rate against the EUR. [2] Full disclosure may not be available for all years. The amount is then included in "demand deposits". [3] As reported by the bank [4] This may include value adjustments of securities. [5] Avg. [(market funds-liquid assets) % (earning assets-liquid assets)] 8 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

9 Moody s Related Research Banking System Outlook:» Finland, December 2011 (137801) Banking Statistical Supplement:» Finland, October 2012 (146352) Credit Opinion:» Finland, Government of Rating Methodology:» Government-Related Issuers: Methodology Update, July 2010 (126031) Special Comments:» Government-Related Issuers, May 2007 Update (102945)» Specialised Lenders To Nordic Local Governments, August 2006 (98800) Analysis:» Municipality Finance Plc, December 2012 (147993) To access any of these reports, click on the entry above. Note that these references are current as of the date of publication of this report and that more recent reports may be available. All research may not be available to all clients. 9 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

10 Report Number: Authors Roshana Arasaratnam Jan Skogberg Editor Matt Bridle Production Associate Steven Prudames 2013 Moody s Investors Service, Inc. and/or its licensors and affiliates (collectively, MOODY S ). All rights reserved. CREDIT RATINGS ISSUED BY MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. ( MIS ) AND ITS AFFILIATES ARE MOODY S CURRENT OPINIONS OF THE RELATIVE FUTURE CREDIT RISK OF ENTITIES, CREDIT COMMITMENTS, OR DEBT OR DEBT-LIKE SECURITIES, AND CREDIT RATINGS AND RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS PUBLISHED BY MOODY S ( MOODY S PUBLICATIONS ) MAY INCLUDE MOODY S CURRENT OPINIONS OF THE RELATIVE FUTURE CREDIT RISK OF ENTITIES, CREDIT COMMITMENTS, OR DEBT OR DEBT-LIKE SECURITIES. MOODY S DEFINES CREDIT RISK AS THE RISK THAT AN ENTITY MAY NOT MEET ITS CONTRACTUAL, FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS AS THEY COME DUE AND ANY ESTIMATED FINANCIAL LOSS IN THE EVENT OF DEFAULT. CREDIT RATINGS DO NOT ADDRESS ANY OTHER RISK, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: LIQUIDITY RISK, MARKET VALUE RISK, OR PRICE VOLATILITY. CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODY S OPINIONS INCLUDED IN MOODY S PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT STATEMENTS OF CURRENT OR HISTORICAL FACT. CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODY S PUBLICATIONS DO NOT CONSTITUTE OR PROVIDE INVESTMENT OR FINANCIAL ADVICE, AND CREDIT RATINGS AND MOODY S PUBLICATIONS ARE NOT AND DO NOT PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS TO PURCHASE, SELL, OR HOLD PARTICULAR SECURITIES. NEITHER CREDIT RATINGS NOR MOODY S PUBLICATIONS COMMENT ON THE SUITABILITY OF AN INVESTMENT FOR ANY PARTICULAR INVESTOR. MOODY S ISSUES ITS CREDIT RATINGS AND PUBLISHES MOODY S PUBLICATIONS WITH THE EXPECTATION AND UNDERSTANDING THAT EACH INVESTOR WILL MAKE ITS OWN STUDY AND EVALUATION OF EACH SECURITY THAT IS UNDER CONSIDERATION FOR PURCHASE, HOLDING, OR SALE. ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS PROTECTED BY LAW, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, COPYRIGHT LAW, AND NONE OF SUCH INFORMATION MAY BE COPIED OR OTHERWISE REPRODUCED, REPACKAGED, FURTHER TRANSMITTED, TRANSFERRED, DISSEMINATED, REDISTRIBUTED OR RESOLD, OR STORED FOR SUBSEQUENT USE FOR ANY SUCH PURPOSE, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IN ANY FORM OR MANNER OR BY ANY MEANS WHATSOEVER, BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. All information contained herein is obtained by MOODY S from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. Because of the possibility of human or mechanical error as well as other factors, however, all information contained herein is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind. MOODY'S adopts all necessary measures so that the information it uses in assigning a credit rating is of sufficient quality and from sources MOODY'S considers to be reliable including, when appropriate, independent third-party sources. However, MOODY S is not an auditor and cannot in every instance independently verify or validate information received in the rating process. Under no circumstances shall MOODY S have any liability to any person or entity for (a) any loss or damage in whole or in part caused by, resulting from, or relating to, any error (negligent or otherwise) or other circumstance or contingency within or outside the control of MOODY S or any of its directors, officers, employees or agents in connection with the procurement, collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, communication, publication or delivery of any such information, or (b) any direct, indirect, special, consequential, compensatory or incidental damages whatsoever (including without limitation, lost profits), even if MOODY S is advised in advance of the possibility of such damages, resulting from the use of or inability to use, any such information. The ratings, financial reporting analysis, projections, and other observations, if any, constituting part of the information contained herein are, and must be construed solely as, statements of opinion and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities. Each user of the information contained herein must make its own study and evaluation of each security it may consider purchasing, holding or selling. NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY SUCH RATING OR OTHER OPINION OR INFORMATION IS GIVEN OR MADE BY MOODY S IN ANY FORM OR MANNER WHATSOEVER. MIS, a wholly-owned credit rating agency subsidiary of Moody s Corporation ( MCO ), hereby discloses that most issuers of debt securities (including corporate and municipal bonds, debentures, notes and commercial paper) and preferred stock rated by MIS have, prior to assignment of any rating, agreed to pay to MIS for appraisal and rating services rendered by it fees ranging from $1,500 to approximately $2,500,000. MCO and MIS also maintain policies and procedures to address the independence of MIS s ratings and rating processes. Information regarding certain affiliations that may exist between directors of MCO and rated entities, and between entities who hold ratings from MIS and have also publicly reported to the SEC an ownership interest in MCO of more than 5%, is posted annually at under the heading Shareholder Relations Corporate Governance Director and Shareholder Affiliation Policy. For Australia only: Any publication into Australia of this document is pursuant to the Australian Financial Services License of MOODY S affiliate, Moody s Investors Service Pty Limited ABN AFSL and/or Moody s Analytics Australia Pty Ltd ABN AFSL (as applicable). This document is intended to be provided only to wholesale clients within the meaning of section 761G of the Corporations Act By continuing to access this document from within Australia, you represent to MOODY S that you are, or are accessing the document as a representative of, a wholesale client and that neither you nor the entity you represent will directly or indirectly disseminate this document or its contents to retail clients within the meaning of section 761G of the Corporations Act MOODY S credit rating is an opinion as to the creditworthiness of a debt obligation of the issuer, not on the equity securities of the issuer or any form of security that is available to retail clients. It would be dangerous for retail clients to make any investment decision based on MOODY S credit rating. If in doubt you should contact your financial or other professional adviser. 10 FEBRUARY 6, 2013 CREDIT ANALYSIS: MUNICIPAL GUARANTEE BOARD

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