A STUDY ON ENGINEERING FACULTY PERCEPTION TOWARDS INVESTMENT AVENUES IN GODAVARI DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_12_094 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed A STUDY ON ENGINEERING FACULTY PERCEPTION TOWARDS INVESTMENT AVENUES IN GODAVARI DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH Dr. B. Kishore Babu Associate Professor, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Vanama Sri Harshini II MBA, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India A. Madhavi II MBA, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Investing in d i f f e r e n t kinds of assets is a fascinating activity that p u l l s people from all walks of life with respect to their employment, economic status, education and family milieu. At present, a wide variety of investment avenues are open to the faculty to suit their needs and nature. Knowledge about the different avenues enables the faculty to choose investment intelligently. Indians are conventionally known for their point of reference towards savings and preference for safe investments. The increase is more marked during the current years. On the investment side, many new instruments have been introduced during the last two decades to attract the public. Key words: RO treatment water, water quality, TDS, Medchal District Cite this Article: Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi. A Study on Engineering Faculty Perception Towards Investment Avenues in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(12), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION Investing in different kinds of assets is a fascinating activity that pulls people from all walks of life with respect to their employment, economic status, education and family milieu. When a person has more money than he needs for existing consumption, he would be coined as the editor@iaeme.com

2 Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi potential investor. The investor who is having extra cash could invest it in securities or in any other assets like gold or real estate or could simply deposit it in his bank account. At present, a wide variety of investment avenues are open to the faculty to suit their needs and nature. Knowledge about the different avenues enables the faculty to choose investment intelligently. The required level of return and the risk tolerance decide the choice of the faculty. The investment alternatives range from national savings certificates, Indira Vikas Patra, Kisan Vikas Patra, provident fund, mutual fund schemes, insurance schemes, chits, bank fixed deposits, company fixed deposits, company shares, bonds /debentures, government securities, postal savings schemes and real estate etc. The promising investment situation evidently divulges that there is a changing tendency in preferences of faculty towards new saving tools. During the 80s and 90s, different types of savings and investment schemes have been introduced and espoused. As per the survey findings of L.C. Gupta (Gupta; 1993) in his two studies during mid-1990 and mid-1992, the mainly unforgettable revolutionize in the investment performance of the people were changing towards shares and debentures from conventionally adopted savings instruments like NSCs, LIC policies, Bank, and Postal deposits etc. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Awais et al 1. Ascertained that the features which persuade the decision-making practice of investors. As per their research, the verdicts of the investors based upon the degree of the risk features. Lastly, they found that the increased level of awareness about pecuniary information and the increased aptitude of scrutinizing that information, an investor could get better the ability bound into risky investments for receiving huge profits by managing investment professionally. Shukla 2 cracked this research paper, about investor s preference towards investment avenues and the study determined by the salaried person only. The author concluded that preponderance of the respondents invested their funds based on educational background and they invested in buying home and long-term investment. Respondents have the measure of investment as safety and low risk. Selvi 3 examined some studies that are obtainable on the investors' attitude towards investment avenues failed to tender a lot of information the predictable investment avenues, bank deposits and gold are the most preferred avenues, while insurance schemes and post office instruments are getting increased concentration. She finished most of the respondents have not favoured investing their savings in UTI and mutual funds Statement of the Problem Earning and savings are both imports for faculty. In the vibrant and competitive environment, selection of financial services has become difficult. There are a large number of investment instruments available today. In India, numbers of investment avenues are available for the investors (engineering faculty). Some of them are marketable and liquid while others are nonmarketable and some of them also highly risky while others are almost risking less. The faculty has to choose Proper Avenue among them, depending on his/her specific need, risk preference, and return expected Investment avenues. So, in this study, an effort has been made by the researcher to know, how far faculty is aware of the various investment paths and their perceptions and attitude towards investments editor@iaeme.com

3 A Study on Engineering Faculty Perception Towards Investment Avenues in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh 2.2. Objectives of the Study 1) To study the perceptions of the engineering faculty as Investors towards various Investment Alternatives. 2) To suggest the suitable strategies / Policies / Schemes for Investment companies according to the perceptions of engineering faculty as Investors. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The study is based on both primary and secondary data. However, as the study is primarily evaluative in nature and mainly deals with psychology and behavior of the engineering faculty as investors, primary data provides a foundation for the present study. The primary data is collected through structured questionnaires. The questionnaire is designed keeping in view the objectives of present research work and it is pre-tested by means of a pilot study. The methodology of the study is an extensive convenience sampling technique based on structured questionnaire method of surveying where a sample of engineering faculty from different engineering colleges of Godavari districts(east AND WEST GODAVARI), of Andhra Pradesh. It is used Direct Interaction (Face to Face Conversation) as the modes to get the questionnaire filled. The data are further coded & classified into tables for analysis and presentation considers the graphs and figures followed by the interpretation. The relevant secondary data gathered from the reports, books, journals, periodicals, dailies, magazines, and websites. 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: 4.1. Data The perception of engineering faculty as investors towards different investment avenues has been investigated, the survey results shown in the table 1. Table 4.1 Investors Perception Regarding Various Types Of Savings Schemes Name of the scheme Awareness of the schemes Adoption of the schemes Yes % No % Total Yes % No % Total National savings certificates Indira Vikas Patra/ Kvp Provident fund Mutual fund schemes Insurance schemes Chits Bank fixed deposits Company fixed deposits Company shares Bonds / debentures Government securities Postal savings schemes Purchase of real estate editor@iaeme.com

4 Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi Table 4.1 reveals the current standing of the engineering faculty s awareness and acceptance of different savings instruments. It is experiential that nearly 86 percent of respondents are aware of company shares and insurance schemes. It is a noteworthy surveillance that most of them are also aware of bank fixed deposits (84.38 percent), provident fund (78.65 percent), mutual fund schemes (77.43 percent), postal savings schemes (76.74 percent), real estate (75.69 percent), chits (73.96 percent), bonds and debentures (69.97 percent), national savings certificates (64.58 percent), company fixed deposits (63.54 percent), indira vikas patra / kisan vikas patra (59.72 percent) and government securities (59.03 percent) correspondingly. But, the acceptable behaviour of the respondents divulges that in assessment with other vehicles, the espousal rate of company shares is the highest (76.91percent). Conventional schemes have been purchased by the significant number of the respondents. However, it is seen that insurance schemes have been purchased by percent, bank fixed deposits by percent and mutual funds by percent. Hence, it is evident that traditional investment avenues like national savings certificates, Indira Vikas Patra and government securities lost its prominence. A paradigm shift from the conventional investment avenues to contemporary high succumb investment avenues like shares, mutual fund schemes are noticed Source of Information Faculty relies on different sources of information while investing. The sources of information may be magazines, newspapers, information provides by friends and relatives, brokers or agents, television, radio advertisements, and internet. Here it is proposed to make an inquiry into the respondents preferences of their sources of information to invest in different investment avenues. The survey results are presented in table editor@iaeme.com

5 A Study on Engineering Faculty Perception Towards Investment Avenues in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh Table 4.2 Respondents Opinion on Source of Information Regarding Their Investment Total number of respondents Sources of information Rank-1 Rank-2 Rank-3 Magazines National newspapers Friends & relatives TV & radio advertisements My official source Cinema slides Local newspapers Brokers/agents Internet Advertisements by mutual fund organizations Roadshows/exhibitions Total From the table, it is obvious that the majority of respondents give their first choice of source of information from their friends and relatives. National newspapers, brokers or agents advice, as their second and third preference of source of information. A noteworthy number of respondents relied on magazines, television and radio advertisements, local newspapers and internet. The preference of source of information is insignificant in exhibitions or road shows, cinema slides and advertisements by mutual fund organizations. Therefore, it is concluded that the national newspapers, friends and relatives advice, broker or agent information and internet sources used to invest in the different investment avenues Savings Pattern One of the most significant and needed things one can do for one s pecuniary well being is to start saving. Once the habit is instilled it repeatedly develops and becomes much easier for a person to save on a normal basis. The quantum of savings makes the investors financially and economically strong. An inquiry has been made to the savings pattern of respondents, shown in table editor@iaeme.com

6 Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi Table 4.3 Respondents Opinion on Existing Savings Pattern Total number of respondents Saving Schemes Rank-1 Rank-2 Rank-3 National savings certificates Fixed deposits Insurance schemes Shares/debentures Postal savings schemes Chits Mutual funds Provident fund, pension & retirement plans Real estate/fixed assets Total The respondents were asked to afford their first, second and third ranks of their present savings. The responses when tabulated pointed fixed deposits to be a favorite choice. The responses show that 148 respondents have invested in the fixed deposits. From further analysis of the table, it is apparent that respondents are almost invested in real estate, mutual funds, chits and postal savings schemes of 49, 45, 42 and 41 respectively. The second choice has given to shares and third preference to insurance schemes. Hence, it is observed from the table that the respondents prefer fixed deposits first as they are risk-free, shares as their second choice because the shares engross high risk and high return, finally the respondents desire insurance as their third choice Purpose of Savings Saving is not investing. Saving money is not the same thing as investing. The rationale of saving is to have some money obtainable at a moment s notice at any time you need it. The investor may save for safety for future, capital appreciation, regular returns, speculative gains and tax benefits. Hence, it is proposed to make an inquiry into the purpose savings of the respondents. The survey results are presented in table editor@iaeme.com

7 A Study on Engineering Faculty Perception Towards Investment Avenues in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh Table 4.4 Respondents Opinion On The Purpose Of Their Savings Particulars Mean S.A A N D S.D Total Safety for future 4.39 Capital appreciation 3.82 Regular returns 3.85 Speculative gains 2.95 Tax benefits 2.75 Overall Mean (64.58) 183 (31.77) 174 (30.21) 60 (10.42) 106 (18.40) 119 (20.66) 178 (30.90) 235 (40.80) 133 (23.09) 78 (13.54) 49 (8.51) 157 (27.26) 95 (16.49) 194 (33.68) 127 (22.05) 10 (1.74) 47 (8.16) 51 (8.85) 95 (16.49) 94 (16.32) 26 (4.51) 11 (1.91) 21 (3.65) 94 (16.32) 171 (29.69) SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neither Agree nor Disagree; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree Note: percent of the respondents are indicating in parenthesis. As is noticeably manifest from above table 4.4, the investors here are seen preferring safety for future which is a double-edged tool. The respondent s deliberation that one-way savings for facing future qualms, the other way receives a regular return. The choice of safety for future may be further analyzed by considering the impact of various socio-economic variables on it. An interesting observation above the table the safety for future is highest (4.39 mean score) responses to purpose of savings, followed by regular returns (3.85mean score) and capital appreciation (3.82 mean score), speculative gain (2.95mean score) and tax benefit (2.75 mean score) is least purpose of savings in my study Preferences of Safest Investment Avenues It is a phenomenal chore to measure the safety of different investment avenues. Bank deposits, insurance, shares and debentures, mutual fund schemes and post office schemes etc., are a few safest investment alternatives to the investors. Based on the risk forbearance of the investors they favour to invest in the alternatives. Hence, it is anticipated to make an inquiry editor@iaeme.com

8 Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi into the penchants of security investment avenues of respondents. Table 5 shows the survey results. Table 4.5 Preferences Of Safest Investment Avenues Of Respondents Particulars Mean S.A A N D S.D Total Bank deposits (74.13) 71 (12.33) 17 (2.95) 22 (3.82) 39 (6.77) Insurance (36.81) 186 (32.29) 109 (18.92) 45 (7.81) 24 (4.17) Shares / debentures (14.24) 180 (31.25) 147 (25.52) 89 (15.45) 78 (13.54) Mutual funds (12.50) 162 (28.13) 190 (32.99) 90 (15.63) 62 (10.76) Post office schemes (36.98) 121 (21.01) 115 (19.97) 81 (14.06) 46 (7.99) Commodity derivatives (5.21) 50 (8.68) 180 (31.25) 170 (29.51) 146 (25.35) Overall Mean 3.45 SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neither Agree nor Disagree; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree Note: percent of the respondents are indicating in parenthesis. Bank deposits are the safest approach to investment as experiential from the above table. There are 427 respondents strongly agreed in this regard. Next to the bank deposits, for insurance and post office schemes responded strongly agree. The risk tolerances of commodity derivatives are very high because of that reason majority of the respondent strongly disagree as for the safest mode of investment. It is observed from the above table that bank deposits are the highest mean score (4.43), next to that insurance and post office schemes (3.90, 3.65), shares and debentures (3.17), mutual funds (3.15) and the least mean score commodity derivatives (2.39). Hence, it is editor@iaeme.com

9 A Study on Engineering Faculty Perception Towards Investment Avenues in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh concluded that the bank deposits have the highest safety and commodity derivatives are the least preference of safety given by the respondents Preferences of Savings Avenues Saving is the difference between income and expenditure. A high level of savings helps the economy to progress on a continuous growth path since investment is principally financed out of savings. Here an effort is made to outline out the preferences of different savings schemes of the respondents. Table 4.6 shows the survey results. Table 4.6 Preferences of Savings Avenues Of Respondents Particulars Mean S.D A N D S.D Total Cash / Savings deposits at bank 3.78 Fixed deposits in bank 3.89 Insurance schemes 3.66 Shares / debentures 3.52 Postal savings schemes 3.31 Chits 3.19 Mutual funds 3.33 Provident fund, pension and retirement plans 3.16 Overall Mean (35.24) 215 (37.33) 171 (29.69) 145 (25.17) 120 (20.83) 136 (23.61) 116 (20.13) 106 (18.40) 213 (36.98) 204 (35.42) 165 (28.65) 177 (30.73) 147 (25.52) 118 (20.49) 167 (29.00) 126 (21.88) 53 (9.20) 72 (12.50) 150 (26.04) 140 (24.31) 165 (28.65) 128 (22.22) 156 (27.08) 174 (30.21) 42 (7.29) 51 (8.85) 53 (9.20) 61 (10.59) 78 (13.54) 105 (18.23) 67 (11.64) 93 ( (11.28) 34 (5.90) 37 (6.42) 53 (9.20) 66 (11.46) 89 (15.45) 70 (12.15) 77 (13.37) SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neither Agree nor Disagree; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree Note: percent of the respondents are indicating in parenthesis. In both tables No: 4.5 and 4.6 illustrates the consistency of opinion. Table No: 4.6 represents respondents preferred savings instruments and table No: 4.5 represents respondents opinion on the safety of the instruments. It is clearly seen that the respondents prefer bank fixed deposits. The risk-averse nature of the respondents is depicted as they are more favorable towards cash and bank savings when compared to investing the same cash in instruments like insurance funds, shares, and debentures and mutual funds. Here it may also be inferred that the investors/ respondents exhibit a clear personality type of external locus of control where an individual places importance on the external environment on his life Expected Frequency of Returns The investor takes a number of decisions in the process of investment. The investor has to decide about his risk tolerance and frequency of expected returns. Usually, investors confine to a particular time frame to expect returns. It is important to know the frequency of returns in which the investor expects whether it is less than one year, one to five years or more than five years. Therefore, the researcher made an attempt to know the frequency of returns which is shown in table editor@iaeme.com

10 Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi Table 4.7 Expected Time Horizons for Returns Of Respondents Years No. of respondents Percentage Less than More than Total As is evident from table 4.7 the expected time horizon for returns is seen to be between 1-5 years and more than five years. The majority of respondents do not expect immediate returns from their investments leading to an inference that they may require returns between 1-5 years to provide a supplement to regular income. The respondents may also preferng returns after 5 years as they opt for safety for future. Hence, it concluded that majority of the respondents (444) expected returns between 1-5 years period Motives of Investment There are specific needs for faculty. For individual investors, retirement, children s education/ marriage, housing etc., are major event triggers that cause an increase in the demand for funds. Irrespective of their socio-economic characteristics different investors are expressing their motives for investments. In order to assess motives, which are preferred by the majority of the investors, the respondents were asked to rank all these motives in order of their preferences. The results are depicted in the table no Table 4.8 Investment Motives of Respondents Investment motives Ranks No. of respondents Percentage Regular income More income/profit Capital appreciation (growth) Safe return on capital & interest Savings for old age Tax savings Convenient to operate editor@iaeme.com

11 A Study on Engineering Faculty Perception Towards Investment Avenues in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh Purchase of real estate Easy to transfer/sale Life insurance benefits Emergency need of funds Availing loan facility Total It is observed from the table that regular income has been the most desirable motive (30.21 percent) of investment in stock markets. The majority of the respondents expressed their opinion that more income/ profit is their main investment objective. So from the above rankings, it can be seen that different investments have their individual motives for investment. The constant flow of returns expected by the investors will be the reason to give first priority to regular income. From other motives, it is observed that capital appreciation, safe return of capital and interest, savings for old age and tax benefits in investments are also well considered. Investing public is not giving so much importance to other motives or features of the investment Future Savings Pattern Table 4.3 revealed existing savings pattern of respondents. By bearing in mind all risk tolerances, the quantum of returns and frequency of returns, the respondents were asked to give their preferences for their future savings. The results are shown in table 4.9. Table 4.9 Probable Future Savings Pattern Of Respondents Name of the scheme Total number of respondents Rank-1 Rank-2 Rank-3 National savings certificates Ivp / Kvp Provident fund Mutual fund schemes Insurance schemes Company shares & debentures editor@iaeme.com

12 Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi Postal savings Bank deposits Purchase of real assets Total It can be seen from the table that the majority of respondents (122) gave their first preference to bank deposits. A significant number of respondents interested to invest in real estate. The second choice has given to company shares and third preference to mutual fund schemes. Hence, it is observed from the table that the respondents in the future also prefer fixed deposits first as they are risk-free, shares as their second choice because the shares involve high risk and high return, finally, the respondents prefer mutual fund schemes as their third choice. 5. FINDINGS 1) The study found that majority of respondents aware of all the savings schemes like national savings certificates, Indira Vikas Patra/ Kisan Vikas Patra, postal savings schemes, mutual funds, insurance schemes, chits, bank fixed deposits, company fixed deposits, shares, bonds and debentures, government securities, real estate etc., besides that all these schemes have been adopted by the respondents except national savings certificates, Indira Vikas Patra/ Kisan Vikas Patra, chits, company fixed deposits and government securities. 2) The study noticeably comes out with the required sources of information for the investment obtained from various means. But the majority of respondents obtained their information regarding investment through their friends and relatives as a first priority; it was followed by national newspapers within the first rank. Whereas, regarding rank two, the first place was occupied by national newspapers and it was followed by friends and relatives. But in the rank three, the first place was occupied by the broker/ agents it was followed by magazines. 3) As per the respondent's opinion, the fixed deposits savings pattern was rated by the respondents as a rank one, and it was followed by shares and debentures, insurance schemes and real estate/ fixed assets respectively. In the same way, the respondents also rated as a rank two of various existing savings schemes pattern, 95 respondents rated for shares and editor@iaeme.com

13 A Study on Engineering Faculty Perception Towards Investment Avenues in Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh debentures followed by insurance schemes. Whereas, within the rank, three insurance schemes were rated by the majority of respondents (109), and it was followed by shares and debentures. Finally, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents (148) were rated the fixed deposits as a first rank. 4) The study also found that the majority of respondents have savings for the purpose of safety for future, capital appreciation, regular returns, speculative gains and tax benefits. They preserve certain portion of income as savings for the safety for future as a first priority (mean score 4.39). It was followed by regular returns (mean score 3.85). 5) It was evident that percent respondents agreed that bank deposits were the safest investment avenue. It was followed by insurance (69.1 percent) and the major portion of respondents (13.89 percent) were opined that commodity derivatives were the least safe investment of the given investment avenues. 6) Regarding savings avenues, the majority of respondents (72.75 percent) were opined that fixed deposits in the bank were a preferred savings avenue as it was followed by cash/ savings deposits at a bank with the percent of respondents. Whereas the least preferred option was meant to provident fund, pension, and retirement plans by having of per cent. The same finding was also reflected the mean scores, because of 3.89 mean scores were opted by fixed deposits in the bank and it was followed by cash/ savings deposits at the bank (3.78 mean score) and the least mean score was 3.16 for provident fund, pension, and retirement plans. 7) The study distinctly comes out with the regular income was prime motive for investment and it was followed by more income/ profit, capital appreciation and safety return on capital and interest respectively. But, the availability of loan facility was rated by the respondents as an investment motive as a rank twelve which was considered as the least rank. 8) The anticipation of respondents for the probable future savings reflected that the respondents preferred bank deposits as a first probable future saving alternative and it was followed by company shares and debentures and mutual fund schemes. 6. SUGGESTIONS 1) Majority of the investing respondents were found to be in the age group of 20 to 40 years. Hence it is suggested that investment schemes tailored to the senior citizens need to be developed. 2) As there is the change in the income levels of the faculty most of the faculty are interested to divert their savings to profitable investment opportunities. However, prior to that, there is a dire need to initiate steps to inculcate a habit of savings among the faculty. The savings are to be pooled and canalized into productive investment, thereby returns to faculty as investors may enhance. It may further accelerate investment in corporate securities in future on a large scale. 3) Construction of an efficient portfolio is always advisable to maximize the return and minimize the risk. It is disheartening to note that the faculty in East Godavari and West Godavari are very little aware of investment in company securities. Hence, faculty should be educated about the benefits of investment in diversified industries and companies. If one company fails is in crisis, investment in other companies would be safe. Diversification of funds among different industries is a must because, if one industry fails or experiences a downtrend in share value, investment in other industries would be safe. So faculty has to be explained about the advantages of diversifying funds across industries and over different companies in the same industry editor@iaeme.com

14 Dr. B. Kishore Babu, Vanama Sri Harshini and A. Madhavi 7. CONCLUSIONS Indians are conventionally known for their point of reference towards savings and preference for safe investments. The increase is more marked during the current years. On the investment side, many new instruments have been introduced during the last two decades to attract the public. The promotional activities for various investment schemes are not adequate, a majority of the faculty are aware of the various schemes only through parents, friends, and relatives. Therefore, it is recommended to various financial institutions to adopt a broad advertising strategy in order to enable the faculty to know the various investment schemes. REFERENCES [1] Awais M, Laber F, Rasheed N, Khursheed A (2016) Impact of Financial Literacy and Investment Experience on Risk Tolerance and Investment Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial 6: [2] Shukla N (2016) Investors Preference towards Investment Avenues with Special Reference to Salaried Personnel in North Gujarat Region 2: [3] Selvi T (2015) Investors Attitude towards Investment Avenues. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 3: [4] Dr. Kavita Chavali, Shefali Jain, Investment Performance of Equity-Linked Saving Schemes An Empirical Study, Indian Journal of finance, pg.no-15, February, [5] Dr.D.R.Dandapat and M.M.Jana Income and Savings Profile of the Rural People in the District of South 24 Paraganas in West Bengal (India) -A Case Study. The Management Accountant, April. [6] Dr.Saif Siddiqui, A study of stock market investors of Delhi, Indian journal of finance, no.22, October [7] M. Kannadhasan, Risk Appetite and Attitudes of Retail Investors with Special Reference to Capital Market, the Management Accountant, June. [8] Dr. M. Kalaiselvi and Tmt. K. Hemalatha. A Comparative Study on Investment Attitude between Government and Private Employees towards Mutual Funds in Pudukkottai District. International Journal of Management, 7 ( 2 ), 2016, pp [9] Sashikala V. and Dr.P.Chitramani A Review on Emotional Intelligence and Investment Behavior. International Journal of Management, 8 (3), 2017, pp [10] Dr. T. Unnamalai. A Study on Awareness of Investors about the Mutual Fund Investments in Musiri Taluk. International Journal of Management, 7 (2), 2016, pp [11] A Study on Financial Performance of Amana Investment, Dr. S. Poongavanam, Dr. Mohammed Ismail Sait, Dr. Srinivasan and Dr. Rengamani, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp , 8(7), [12] Amana Investment and Amana Bank A Comparative Study between Pre-Public Issue and Post-Public Issue, Dr. S. Poongavanam, Dr. Mohammed Ismail Sait, Dr. Srinivasan and Dr. Rengamani, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp , 8(7), editor@iaeme.com