Central Bank of Egypt

Transcription

1 Central Bank of Egypt External Position of the Egyptian Economy July/ December 2009/2010 Quarterly Report Volume No. (28)

2 Central Bank of Egypt External Position Preface The External Position of the Egyptian Economy Report is one of a series released by the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) on a quarterly basis. It aims to make available to a broad readership of specialists and non-specialists a reasonable range of information on the performance of the country's external sector during the reporting period. The series reviews the key developments in the main components of Egypt's Balance of Payments (BOP). It also sheds light on the country's International Investment Position (IIP), external debt, external liquidity and recent exchange rate developments. The report at hand, the twenty eighth in this series, covers the first half of FY 2009/10. The Central Bank of Egypt posts this series along with its other publications on its website Hard copies can be obtained from the Research, Development and Publishing Sector, 8 th floor, 54 El Gomhouria street, Cairo.

3 Central Bank of Egypt External Position Table of Contents Section I: Overview Balance of Payments Page BOP Performance. 1 1-Current Account 1 2-Capital and Financial Account 4 Section II: International Investment Position (IIP) 7 Section III: Section IV: External Liquidity A -Net International Reserves (NIR) 9 B -Net Foreign Assets of Banks (NFA) 9 External Debt A -Breakdown by Type 11 B- Breakdown by Currency 12 C - Breakdown by Creditor 12 D - Breakdown by Debtor 12 E -External Debt Indicators 13 Section V: Exchange Rate Developments 15 Statistical Section: Appendix I 1-Balance of Payments International Investment Position (IIP) 21 3-NIR & NFA of Banking System 22 4-External Debt by Type 23 5-External Debt Indicators 24 6-External Debt by Debtor 25 7-Exchange Rates 26 Appendix II I- External Debt: Outstanding Stock II- Medium-and Long-Term External Debt Service III- Exchange Rates of the Currencies of External Debt versus US Dollar

4 Central Bank of Egypt External Position E gypt's BOP during the first half of FY 2009/2010 witnessed a slight recovery from the repercussions of the global financial crisis, which swept over the world a year earlier. In this context, the current account deficit drew back to US$ 1.3 billion from US$ 2.5 billion during the corresponding period of the previous year. Furthermore, the capital and financial account recorded net inflows of about US$ 3.3 billion against US$ 2.0 billion. As such, the BOP ran an overall surplus of US$ 2.6 billion in the current period, against an overall deficit of US$ million. The decline in the current account deficit was ascribed mainly to the decrease in trade deficit, which more than compensated for the declining surplus of services balance and net unrequited transfers. The increase in the capital and financial account was due to inflows of US$ 2.6 billion in net foreign direct investment in Egypt (FDI) and US$ 1.6 billion in net portfolio investment in Egypt, and an outflow of US$ 2.1 billion in net foreign assets and liabilities; International Investment Position (IIP) * registered net liabilities of US$ 27.0 billion at end of Dec. 2008, up from US$ 8.3 billion in Dec and from US$ 10.8 billion in Dec In April 2009, Egypt ranked (for the third time) top reformer of all MENA countries by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) - World Bank. Net international reserves (NIR) increased by US$ 2.9 billion during July/December 2009/10, to reach US$ 34.2 billion at end of December 2009, covering 8.7 months of merchandise imports. The pickup in NIR was ascribed to the rise in foreign currencies by US$ 1.7 billion worth, and the augmentation of Egypt's SDR allocations by US$ 1.2 billion worth. The SDR Overview allocations to IMF members were made in proportion to their respective quotas under a plan to boost global liquidity in international markets to face the world financial crisis. Eventually, members' total allocations of SDRs rose to the equivalent of US$ 283 billion. During the preparation of the report printing period, NIR increased to US$ 34.3 billion at end of February Banks' net foreign assets amounted to US$ 14.4 billion at end of December 2009, down by US$ 0.4 billion from end of June level. Foreign currency deposits with banks decreased by 5.5 percent, to post US$ 28.3 billion at end of December As a percentage of total deposits, they decreased from 23.4 percent in June 2009 to 20.9 percent at end of December. Egypt's total outstanding external debt increased by US$ 1.8 billion to US$ 33.3 billion at end of December 2009, from US$ 31.5 billion at end of June. The increase was an outcome of two factors. First, the appreciation in most currencies of borrowing versus the US dollar, increasing the external debt by some US$ million. Second, net disbursements of US$ 1.4 billion. The external debt position continued to have a favorable profile, with 92.3 percent representing medium- and long- term debt. The public sector is the major obligor, carrying 94.0 percent of total external debt. External debt/gdp ratio dropped to 15.4 percent at end of December 2009, compared with 17.0 at end of December The weighted average rate of the interbank foreign exchange market reached pt per US dollar at the end of December 2009, compared with pt at the end of June. Accordingly, the Egyptian pound appreciated by around 2.0 percent during July/Dec. 2009/2010. * IIP statement was first introduced in External Position Report, Volume 20, to be updated on a yearly basis at end of December of each year within the SDDS requirements.

5 Section I Balance of Payments

6 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 1 E gypt's BOP figures for the first half of FY 2009/10 reflected a slight recovery from the global financial crisis, which had intensified over the world a year earlier. The current account deficit declined to US$ 1.3 billion, from US$ 2.5 billion in July/Dec. 2008/09, and the net inflows of the capital and financial account picked up to US$ 3.3 billion, from US$ 2.0 billion. Against this background, the BOP switched to an overall surplus of US$ 2.6 billion (1.2 percent of GDP) from an overall deficit of US$ million (0.3 percent of GDP) in the corresponding period of the previous FY US$ bn BOP Ov erall Balance -1.8 The above chart shows developments in the overall balance on quarterly basis. 1 - Current Account The current account deficit shrank by 48.9 percent, to US$ 1.3 billion (0.6 percent of GDP), from US$ 2.5 billion (1.3 percent of GDP). Such an improvement was driven by a contraction in the trade deficit to US$ 11.9 billion (5.6 percent of GDP), offsetting the drop in the surplus in both the services balance (US$ 6.3 billion, or 2.9 percent of GDP) and net unrequited transfers BOP Performance 0.6 July/Sept. Oct./Dec. Jan./March April/June July/Sept. Oct./Dec. 2008/ /2010 (US$ 4.4 billion, or 2.0 percent of GDP). US$ bn Current Account : Trade Balance July/Sept. Oct./Dec. Jan./March April/June July/Sept. Oct./Dec. 2008/ / The trade deficit narrowed by US$ 2.7 billion or 18.4 percent, to reach US$ 11.9 billion during July/ December 2009/2010 from US$ 14.6 billion during the same period a year earlier. Merchandise exports (FOB) declined by 15.3% to US$ 11.5 billion. That was attributed to the drop in both oil exports by 16.6% (43.3% of total exports) and non-oil exports by 14.3% (56.7% of the total). Likewise Merchandise imports (CIF) decreased by 16.9% to US$ 23.4 billion, due to the retreat in both oil imports by 48.5% (9.4% of total imports) and non-oil imports by 11.3% (90.6% of the total). US$bn petroleum & non petroleum Exports & Imports July/Dec. 2008/ /2010 Petroleum exports Petroleum imports Non petroleum exports Non petroleum imports

7 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 2 The following charts illustrate the commodity distribution of exports by degree of processing and imports by degree of use during the reporting period. Proceeds of Merchandise Exports July/Dec. 2009/2010 shown on quarterly basis in the following figure: US$ bn Service Balance Finished Goods 41.6% Undistributed Exports 1.2% Fuel, Mineral oils & Products 44.7% Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 2008/ /2010 Serv ices Receipts Serv ices Pay ments Serv ices Balance Consumer Goods 25.2% Semi-finished Goods 7.0% Raw Materials 5.5% Payments for Merchandise Imports Undistributed Imports 3.2% Investment Goods 21.2% July/Dec.2009/2010 Fuel, Mineral oils & Products 8.8% Intermediate Goods 32.5% Raw Materials 9.1% The export import ratio increased to 49.1 percent during July/ December 2009/2010, compared with 48.2 percent during the same period a year earlier. 1.2: Services Balance and transfers The services balance surplus shrank to US$ 6.3 billion (52.7 percent of trade deficit) from US$ 7.5 billion during the corresponding period of the previous year. Such decline stemmed from the decrease in services receipts by US$ 1.3 billion or 9.5 percent, surpassing the slight drop of US$ million or 1.8 percent in services payments. Developments in the services balance throughout the FY 2008/2009 and the first half of FY 2009/2010 are Services receipts declined to US$ 12.3 billion, driven by the fall in most items: Transportation receipts decreased by 18.4 percent to US$ 3.5 billion, on the back of the 16.7 percent drop in Suez Canal receipts to US$ 2.3 billion during the reporting period, though the Oct./Dec. quarter 2009/2010 showed a slight improvement compared to the previous quarter. In addition, receipts of pipeline services provided by SUMED and receipts of Egyptian shipping and airlines companies witnessed a decline in the reporting period. Investment income receded by 65.1 percent, to record US$ million, under weak interest on deposits abroad, and on portfolio investment income; Government receipts declined by 26.4 percent, to register US$ 98.3 million, due to a draw back in the expenses of foreign embassies & international organizations in Egypt. On the other hand, Tourism revenues witnessed an increase of 4.7 percent to US$ 6.0 billion (against US$ 5.7 billion), as a result of the pick up in the number of tourists nights, standing at 70.7 million nights, compared with 67.5 million a year earlier. Other services receipts rose as well by 10.4 percent, due to the increase in invisible receipts of EGPC.

8 Central Bank of Egypt External Position US$ bn Developments in Main Items of Service Receipts Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 2008/ /2010 Trav el Suez Canal Services payments registered a slight decline of 1.8 percent, to reach US$ 6.0 billion (against US$ 6.1 billion), as a result of the draw back in most of its components. Specifically, other services payments scaled down by 30.9 percent, recording US$ 1.6 billion, due to a drop in the amounts transferred abroad by Egyptian & foreign companies, and in payments for communications services. Transportation Payments declined by 34.3 percent to US$ million induced by lower transfers from Egyptian shipment companies, payments of pipe-lines services provided by SUMED, and foreign shipment & navigation companies. Travel payments decreased by 13.3 percent, due to the decline in visa card payments, expenses for tourism and medical care, and travel expenses for pilgrimage abroad. Government expenditures slightly moved down by 2.0 percent, because of lower expenses of Egyptian embassies abroad, other governmental expenditures, and governmental medical expenses. On the other hand, Investment income witnessed an increase of US$ 1.1 billion, to reach US$ 1.9 billion, against US$ million during the corresponding period, spurred by high profit transfers of foreign companies in Egypt % 28.3 Transportation Services Receipts & Payments Items as a Percentage of Total Services Receipts & Payments July/Dec. 2009/ Travel Investment Income Government Receipts Services Receipts 17.8 Other 10.1 Transportation Travel Investment Income Government Payments Services Payments 26.8 Other Net unrequited transfers witnessed a slight draw back of 6.2 percent, to US$ 4.4 billion, against US$ 4.6 billion a year earlier. The decline was an outcome of weaker net private transfers by 16.5 percent, to US$ 3.5 billion, mainly due to lower workers' remittances by 15.5 percent, and a rise in Net official transfers to US$ million. - US$ bn Transfers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Priv ate Transf ers (Net) Workers' Remittances / / Of f icial Transf ers (Net) Net transfers 1.7

9 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 4 Given the aforementioned developments in the current account, most external balancing indicators have been affected as shown in the following figure: % External Balancing ratios July/Dec / / B- Foreign direct investments (FDI) in Egypt figures showed a decline of 34.8 percent, to amount US$ 2.6 billion (1.2 percent of GDP), from US$ 4.0 billion (2.1 percent of GDP) during the corresponding period. The inflow was attributed to the net direct investments in the petroleum sector of US$ 1.9 billion (against US$ 2.8 billion). Net Greenfield investments amounted to US$ million, (against US$ million). Privatization proceeds didn't record any inflows during the reporting period, compared to US$ million a year earlier. 0.0 Merchandise Exports/ Merchandise Imports Service Receipts/ Current Receipts/ Current Receipts Service Payments Current Payments (excluding official transfers)/current Payments US$ bn 6 Net Foreign Investments July/Dec. 2- Capital and Financial Account The capital and financial account s higher net inflow (US$ 3.3 billion) during July/Dec. 2009/2010, is due to the following factors: A-Portfolio investment in Egypt shifted to a net inflow of US$ 1.6 billion from a net outflow of US$ 7.4 billion. Such net inflow includes net sales of Egyptian treasury bills of US$ 1.1 billion, a fact that reflects the restoration of foreigners' confidence in the Egyptian stock market. It also includes foreigners' net purchase in the Egyptian stock market of US$ million. On the other hand, it includes an outflow of US$ million, related to transactions in sovereign bonds and LE bonds issued abroad Net FDI in Egypt / /2010 Net Portfolio Investment in Egypt Breakdown of total FDI inflows by economic sectors, excluding the petroleum, revealed that the financial sector had absorbed 2.9 percent, services sector 2.2 percent, tourism sector 2.0 percent, manufacturing 1.9 percent, real estate 1.4 percent, and communications sector 1.2 percent.

10 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 5 C- Net foreign assets and liabilities registered an outflow of US$ 2.1 billion (compared to an inflow of US$ 6.8 billion a year earlier). D- Medium - & long-term loans and suppliers' credit realized net re-payments of US$ million (against US$ 1.1 billion) resulting from declining repayments to US$ million, and a slight increase in drawings to US$ million (compared with US$ million).

11 Section II International Investment Position (IIP)

12 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 7 International Investment Position (IIP) At end of December 2008 * Introduction : IIP is a statistical, end of period stock-based report reflecting the country's external financial assets and liabilities of all resident sectors. The IIP is important as a: - Measure to the degree of financial openness - Monitor to external debt - Indicator of external debt sustainability - Indicator of financial stability Egypt s IIP at the end of Dec recorded a net external liabilities (assets minus liabilities) of US$ 27.0 billion, against US$ 8.3 billion at end of Dec and US$ 10.8 billion at end of Dec. 2006, As such, Egypt s foreign assets represented 71.4 percent of its foreign liabilities. (US $ bn) International Investment Position (IIP) End of December Assets Liabilities net IIP Assets and Liabilities by Component: 1-Assets dropped by 11.9 percent from US$ 76.4 billion at end of December 2007 to US$ 67.4 billion at end of December The drop was mainly due to the decrease in other investments by 29.5 percent. However, Reserve assets rose by 5.8 percent, and foreign investment abroad by 23.9 percent, as an outcome to a percent increase in FDI and a 29.9 percent drop in portfolio investments. (US $ mn) Breakdown of Assets End of December Direct investment abroad Portf olio inv estment abroad Other inv estment Reserve assets (US $ mn) Foreign investments abroad End of December Direct inv estment abroad Portf olio inv estment abroad 2-Liabilities to nonresidents increased by 11.4 percent to US$ 94.4 billion at end of Dec The rise was mostly due to the increase in FDI in Egypt by 18.8 percent, and in portfolio investments in Egypt by 9.9 percent. However, other investments decreased by 0.8 percent. ( US $ mn) Breakdown of Liabilities End of December Other investment Portfolio investment in Egypt Direct investment in Egypt * Released on September 2009 according to SDDS requirements.

13 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 8 Indicators : (US$ bn) End of Dec Assets Liabilities Net At the end of December 2008, IIP net external liabilities represented 18.1 percent of Egypt s GDP, up from 5.1 percent a year earlier, and from 8.2 percent at the end of Dec Net liabilities ratio to NIR reached 79.2 percent, up from 26.3 percent at the end of Dec During the period Dec Dec. 2007, the gap between Egypt s foreign assets and liabilities continued to narrow. However it widened in Also, the ratio of IIP to GDP reflects Egypt's relatively lower net liabilities position compared with some major countries. % Egypt's net IIP to GDP& NIR End of December Net IIP / GDP Net IIP /NIR Net IIP of Major Countries: An International Comparison (US$ bn) Country Year Assets Liabilities Net IIP Ratio to GDP (%) Egypt Japan Germany Canada United Kingdom China Russia United States Italy France Jordan Tunisia Available data in IMF- IFS report - October 2009.

14 Section III External Liquidity

15 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 9 A-Net International Reserves (NIR) D uring July/December 2009/10, NIR increased by US$ 2.9 billion, against a decline of US$ 0.5 billion, to reach US$ 34.2 billion (8.7 months in terms of merchandise imports coverage) at end of December NIR and months of Merchandise imports covered US$ bn ( Balance at end of month) (Month) Foreign Currencies 42.0 Loans to IMF Gold Months of Merchandise Imports Coverage Dec-08 Mar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09 While the report was under preparation, NIR reached US$ 34.3 billion at end of February The pickup was mainly ascribed to the rise in foreign currencies by US$ 1.7 billion worth and the augmentation of Egypt's SDR allocations by US$ 1.2 billion worth. The SDRs allocations to IMF members was made in proportion to their respective quotas, under a plan to boost global liquidity in international markets to face the world financial crisis. Eventually, members' total allocations of SDRs rose to the equivalent of US$ 283 billion. External Liquidity Developments diversifying the composition of NIR. The policy was based upon certain factors: Egypt's external debt structure; currencies of Egypt's main trade partners; and reserves' distribution among many portfolios, with maturities and goals being risk/return balanced. (US$ mn) End of June 2009 Dec Net International Reserves (1-2) Gross Official Reserves Gold Foreign Currencies SDRs Loans to IMF Reserve Liabilities Reserves/Months of Imports Currently, the CBE deals with its reserves management on real time basis via the most advanced electronic systems worldwide. B- Net Foreign Assets of Banks (NFA) Banks net foreign assets decreased by US$ 0.4 billion during July/ December 2009/10, to reach US$ 14.4 billion at end of December US$ bn Foreign Assets &liabilities of Banks ( End of month) Assets Liabilities Concerning CBE international reserves policy management, the Bank's investment policy aimed at 0.0 Dec-08 Mar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09

16 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 10 Foreign currency deposits with banks decreased by 5.5 percent, against 1.2 percent, to reach US$ 28.3 billion at end of December On the other hand, local currency deposits increased by 7.1 percent, compared with 2.4 percent. Accordingly, the ratio of foreign currency deposits to total deposits decreased to 20.9 percent at end of December 2009, from 23.4% at end of June. LE bn Developments in Deposits by Local and Foreign Currencies ( End of month) Foreign Currency Deposits Local Currency Deposits Dec-08 Mar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09

17 Section IV External Debt

18 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 11 E gypt's external debt (public and private-all maturities) registered US$ 33.3 billion at end of December 2009, against US$ 31.5 billion at end of June 2009, up by US$ 1.8 billion. The increase resulted from two main factors: First, an appreciation in the majority of other currencies vis-à-vis the US dollar, increasing total debt by US$ million. Second, net disbursements of US$ 1.4 billion (due to disbursements of US$ 2.4 billion and principal repayments of US$ 1.0 billion). A- Breakdown by Type At the end of December 2009, External debt by maturity indicates that long-term debt registered US$ 30.2 billion, Medium-term debt registered US$ million and the rest (US$ 2.6 billion) is Short-term debt. Short Term 7.7% Medium Term 1.5% External Debt by maturity End of December 2009 External Debt Long Term 90.8% - International and regional organizations debt amounted to US$ 9.6 billion, or 28.8 percent of total debt (including US$ 1.2 billion, as Egypt s allocation of SDRs by IMF), with an increase of US$ 1.4 billion, from end of June Government bonds and notes, however, decreased by US$ 42.8 million, to US$ 1.9 billion or 5.7 percent of total debt at end of December 2009, including: * US$ million as sovereign bonds, issued in June 2001, and falling due in July * US$ 1.3 billion as guaranteed notes, issued in Sept. 2005, and falling due in Sept * US$ million as Egyptian pound Eurobonds issued in July 2007, and falling due in July Non-guaranteed Medium- and long-term debt of the private sector reached US$ 76.6 million or 0.2 percent of the total at end of December Short-term debt increased by US$ million, reaching US$ 2.6 billion or 7.7 percent of the total. Medium- and long-term debt posted 92.3 percent of total debt, of which: -Bilateral loans (rescheduled and non-rescheduled) and suppliers & buyers credit owed to Paris Club members, accounted for US$ 18.3 billion or 54.9 percent of total debt. -Debt due to non-paris Club members amounted to US$ million. Egyptian bonds and notes 5.7% International & regional organizations 28.8% Suppliers' & buyers' Credits 1.1% External Debt structure End of December 2009 Other bilateral debt 14.8% Priv ate sector (Non guaranteed) 0.2% Short term debt 7.7% Rescheduled bilateral debt 41.7%

19 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 12 The structure of External debt data reveals an ongoing improvement. The public sector owed US$ 31.3 billion or 94.0 percent of Egypt s external debt, while the private sector owed US$ 2.0 billion or 6.0 percent. B- Breakdown by Currency A breakdown of external debt by main component currencies indicates that the US dollar is the main borrowing currency (creditors other than the USA), with a relative importance of 37.3 percent of the total. The euro comes next, constituting 31.5 percent, then the Japanese yen 12.1 percent, the Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)** 7.4 percent and the Kuwaiti dinar 5.7 percent. External Debt by Major Currencies End of December 2009 Japanese yen 12.1% Egyptian Pound 2.1% Swiss franc 1.8% US dollar 37.3% Kuwaiti dinar 5.7% Euro 31.5% SDRs 7.4% Other currencies 2.1% C- Breakdown by Creditor Distribution by creditor indicates that 46.7 percent of Egypt's external debt is owed to four countries; namely, France (12.7 percent), Germany (11.9 percent), Japan (11.6 percent), and USA (10.5 percent). Meanwhile, 4.7 percent is owed to Arab countries (mainly Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia). Egyptian bonds and notes 5.7% Internation organizations 28.8% D- Breakdown by Debtor* Debt of the main institutional sectors increased by US$ 1.8 billion at end of December As such, debt of Central and local government accelerated by US$ 65.1 million, Monetary authority** (CBE) by US$ 1.1 billion, Other sectors' by US$ million and Banks' by US$ million. External Debt by domestic sectors share in total increase/decrease (US$ mn) End of December External Debt by Creditor Other countries 11.5% Arab Countries 4.7% (5.1) Dec 2009 United Kingdom 2.6% (80.1) (519.1) (5341.4) 1, / / /2010 Central & Local Government Monetary Authority Banks Other Sectors USA 10.5% France 12.7% Japan 11.6% Germany 11.9% As of September 2008, due to the reclassification of on lending activities under the "Central and Local Government" debt instead of "Other Sectors" debt, Government debt figures increased. This reclassification has no impact on the total outstanding external debt. Including Egypt s allocation of SDRs by IMF ( US$ 1.2 billion).

20 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 13 The structure of Egypt s external debt by debtor did not witness any significant change. The central and local government remained the main debtor, with US$ 25.9 billion or 77.7 percent of the total external debt at end of December 2009, compared with US$ 25.8 billion at end of June (US$ bn) External Debt by Debtor End of December 2008 Central & Local Gov ernment Monetary Authority Banks Other Sectors 2009 decreased by 11.5 percent, and so did the debt service ratio to exports of goods and services to 5.5 percent during July /December 2009/10, from 6.3 percent a year earlier. Likewise, its ratio to current receipts (including transfers) decreased to 4.7 percent from 5.4 percent. The ratio of short-term debt to NIR contracted from 8.3 percent to 7.5 percent, owing to an increase in NIR by US$ 51.0 million worth during July/December 2009/10. Similarly, its ratio to total debt decreased from 8.8 percent to 7.7 percent. External debt per capita increased from US$ to US$ % External Debt Indicators July / Dec E- External Debt Indicators* The ratio of external debt to GDP declined to 15.4 percent at end of December 2009, compared with 17.0 percent a year earlier % External Debt Indicators July / Dec. (US$) / / / /2009 External Debt / Exports of goods and serv ices External Debt /GDP (at current market prices) External Debt per capita (US$) (right axis) / / / / / / /2009 Debt Service / Current Receipts (including transfers) Short-term Debt / Net International Reserves Short-term Debt / total external debt Debt Serv ice / Exports of goods and serv ices Medium- and long-term debt service payments decreased by US$ million to US$ 1.3 billion, as a result of the US$374.9 million decrease in principal repayments, to US$ million and of the US$ 30.6 million decline in interest payments, to US$ million Current receipts (exports of goods and services, including transfers) For more indicators, refer to appendix I, table No 4.

21 Central Bank of Egypt External Position US$ Total Medium - and Long - Term Public and Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Service Principal Interest Total FYS At the end of December 2009, Net International Reserves (NIR) reached US$ 34.2 billion, covering 102.6% of the total external debt (US$ 33.3 billion), reflecting a secure ratio. US$ bn External Debt and Net International Reserves End of December External Debt NIR

22 Section V Exchange Rate Developments

23 Central Bank of Egypt External Position 15 Exchange Rate Developments According to CBE Central Chamber for FX Statistics, the weighted average of US dollar exchange rate in the interbank foreign exchange market (launched in December 2004) reached EGP at end of December 2009, against EGP at end of December As such, the EGP exchange rate appreciated by about 0.51 percent during the year. For market rates, during July/Dec. 2009/2010, the Egyptian pound appreciated by around 2.0 percent vis a vis the US$. Furthermore, it appreciated against the pound sterling by 4.3 percent and the Saudi Riyal, the UAE Dirham, and the Chinese Yuan by 2.0 percent, each, and the Kuwait Dinar by 1.9 percent. On the other hand, the Egyptian pound depreciated against the Swiss Franc by 2.8 percent, and the Japanese Yen by 1.7 percent. (In Piasters) Exchange rate Of The US$ against EG Pound End Of December InterBank Weighted Av erage Rate Market Rate

24 Statistical Section

25 Central Bank of Egypt External Position Appendix I Table Page I- Balance of Payments BOP Current Account 1 19 BOP Capital and Financial Account (contd.) 20 II- International Investment Position (IIP) 2 21 III- External Liquidity Net International Reserves & Net Foreign Assets of the Banking System IV- External Debt External Debt by Type External Debt Indicators External Debt by Debtor V- Exchange Rate Developments Exchange Rates ( in piasters per foreign currency unit ) 7 26

26 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 19 Table (1) Balance of Payments (US$ mn) July/Dec. 2008/2009* 2009/2010* Trade Balance Exports** Petroleum Other Exports Imports** Petroleum Other Imports Services (Net) Receipts Transportation, of which : Suez Canal Travel Investment Income Government receipts Other Payments Transportation Travel Investment Income, of which Interest Paid Government Expenditures Other Balance of Goods & Services Transfers Private Transfers (Net) Official Transfers (Net) Current Account Balance * Preliminary. ** Include free zones exports and imports.

27 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 20 Table (1) Balance of Payments (contd.) (US$ mn) July/Dec. 2008/2009* 2009/2010* Capital & Financial Account Capital Account Financial Account Direct Investment Abroad Direct Investment in Egypt (Net) Portfolio Investment Abroad (Net) Portfolio Investment in Egypt (Net), of which: Bonds Other Investment (Net) Net Borrowing M&L-Term Loans (Net) Drawings Repayments MT-Suppliers' Credit (Net) Drawings Repayments ST-Suppliers' Credit (Net) Other Assets Central Bank Banks Other Other Liabilities Central Bank Banks Net Errors & Omissions Overall Balance Change in CBE Reserve Assets,Increase(-) * Preliminary.

28 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 21 Table (2) International Investment Position (IIP) End of December 2007 December 2008 * (US$ million) Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Total Direct Investment Portfolio Investments Equity security Debt security Other Investments Trade credits General government Other sectors Short-term Loans Monetary authorities Use of Fund credit & loans from the Fund Other long-term General government Long-term Banks Long-term Short-term Other sectors Long-term Currency and deposits Monetary authorities Banks Other sectors Other assets Monetary authorities Short-term General government Banks Long-term Short-term Other sectors Reserve Assets * Preliminary.

29 Table (3) Net International Reserves & Net Foreign Assets of the Banking System End of June 2006 Dec Net International Reserves(1-2) Gross Official Reserves Gold Foreign Currencies SDRs Loans to IMF Reserve Liabilities Banks' Net Foreign Assets Assets Liabilities June 2007 Dec June 2008 Dec June 2009 US$ million Dec Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 22

30 End of Table (4) External Debt (US$ mn) June June June June June June Dec. June Dec Total External Debt* Medium-& Long Term Debt Rescheduled bilateral debt ** ODA Non-ODA Other bilateral debt Paris Club countries Other countries International & regional Organizations Suppliers' & buyers' credit Egyptian bonds and notes Long-term deposits # Private sector debt (non-guaranteed) Short-Term Debt Deposits Other short-term facilities Source: Central Bank of Egypt. + Provisional * The difference from World Bank data is in short-term debt. ** According to the agreement signed with Paris Club countries on May 25, # It has been agreed to consider the Arab International Bank deposit a medium- and long-term external debt. Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 23

31 Table (5) External Debt Indicators (%) July / December 2001/ / / / / / / / /10 External Debt / Exports (G & S) % Debt Service * (Principal & Interest) (US$ mn) Debt Service / Exports (G & S) % Debt Service / Current Receipts % Interest / Exports (G & S) % External Debt /GDP (at current market prices) Central Bank of Egypt - External Position Short-Term Debt / External Debt Short-Term Debt / Net International Reserves External Debt per Capita (US$) * Including interest payments on US dollar-denominated bonds and notes held with non-residents. 24

32 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 25 Table (6) External Debt by Debtor (US$ mn) End of June 2008 % Dec * % Change (-) % External Debt Total Medium- & Long-Term Total Short-Term Central & Local Government Medium- & Long-Term Bonds & Notes (42.8) (2.2) Loans Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities Short-Term Money Market Instruments Loans Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities Monetary Authority Medium- & Long-Term Bonds & Notes Loans Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities Short-Term Money Market Instruments Loans Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities Banks Medium- & Long-Term Bonds & Notes Loans Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities Short-Term Money Market Instruments Loans (12.5) (62.5) Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities Other Sectors Medium- & Long-Term Loans from Direct Investors Bonds & Notes Trade Credits Loans Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities Short-Term Loans from Direct Investors Money Market Instruments Trade Credits Loans Currency and Deposits Other Liabilities * Provisional.

33 First: Interbank Rates * Minimum Maximum Weighted average Second : Market Rates Buy Sell Buy Sell US Dollar Euro Pound Sterling Swiss Franc Japanese Yens Saudi Riyal Kuwaiti Dinar UAE Dirham Chinese Yuan Source: CBE daily exchange rates. Table (7) Exchange Rates (In piasters per foreign currency unit) End of June * The Interbank Foreign exchange market was launched on December 23, December Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 26

34 Central Bank of Egypt External Position Appendix II Table Page I- Medium - and Long -Term External Debt A- Outstanding Stock Public and Publicly Guaranteed a. By Creditor Country b. Paris Club Debt (1) Rescheduled Debt (2) Non Rescheduled Debt c. Other Bilateral Debt d. Multilateral Agencies Private Sector, Non-Guaranteed B. Outstanding External Short-Term Debt C. Disbursed and Undisbursed Amounts of Contracted Loans II- Projected Medium - and Long -Term External Debt Service Public and Publicly Guaranteed Paris Club Debt a. Rescheduled Debt b. Non Rescheduled Debt Other Bilateral Debt Multilateral Agencies Projected Sovereign Bonds Projected Guaranteed Notes Projected Egyptian Pound Euro Bond III- Exchange Rates of the Currencies of External Debt Versus US Dollar 20 55

35 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 29 Outstanding Stock as at End of December (US$ million) Total Debt Medium and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed Debt 27, , , , A. Paris Club Bilateral Debt 19, , , , Rescheduled Debt 15, , , , Non Rescheduled Debt (1) 4, , , , B. Other Bilateral Debt (2) C. Multilateral Agencies (3) 5, , , , D. Sovereign Bond E. Guaranteed Notes 1, , , , G. Egyptian Pound Euro Bond , Private Sector Non-Guaranteed Short-Term Debt 1, , , , Deposits (Non Residents) , , , Other 1, , , , Grand Total 28, , , , Using end of period exchange rate. (1) Includes US$ million buyer credits & US$ million supplier credits. (2) Includes US$ 4.6 million buyer credits & US$ 0.3 million supplier credits. (3) Includes US$ 1,191 million representing SDR allocation by IMF to its member countries, Egypt s share is SDR MM. Figure 1-1 ( US$bn ) Table ( 1 ) External Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December

36 Figure 1-2 Guaranteed Notes 4% Medium- and Long-Term Public and Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December 2009 Egyptian Pound Euro Bond 1% Other Bilateral Debt 3% Sovereign Bond 1% Multilateral Agencies 31% Paris Club Bilateral Debt 60% Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 30

37 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 31 Country Table ( 2 ) Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt by Creditor Country Outstanding Stock as at End of December Total Debt (US$ million) {1} Int'l Organizations 5, , , {2} France 4, , , , Germany 3, , , , Japan 3, , , , United States 4, , , , Guaranteed Notes 1, , , , Spain Kuwait Italy Austria Switzerland Egyptian Pound Euro Bond , Denmark Sovereign Bond Canada United Kingdom Australia China The Netherlands Belgium United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia Sweden Norway Bahrain Lebanon Czech Republic Grand Total 27, , , , {1} Using end of period exchange rate. (2) Includes US$ 1,191 million representing SDR allocations by IMF to its member countries; Egypt s share is SDR MM.

38 Figure 2 Germany 13% Japan 13% Medium- and Long-Term Public and Publicly Guaranteed External Debt by Creditor Country Outstanding stock as at End of December 2009 United States 11% France 13% Guaranteed Notes 4% Other Countries 15% Int'l Organizations 31% Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 32

39 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 33 Country Table ( 3 ) {1} Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Paris Club Bilateral Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December Total Debt (US$ million) {2} France 4, , , , Germany 3, , , , Japan 3, , , , United States 4, , , , Spain Italy Austria Switzerland Denmark Canada United Kingdom Australia The Netherlands Belgium Sweden Norway Grand Total 19, , , , {1} This table sums up tables 4 and 5. {2} Using end of period exchange rate. Figure 3 Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Paris Club Bilateral Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December ( US$bn )

40 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 34 Table ( 4 ) Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Paris Club Bilateral Debt Rescheduled Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December Country Total Debt (US$ million) {1} France 3, , , , Japan 2, , , , United States 3, , , , Germany 2, , , , Spain Austria Switzerland Italy United Kingdom Canada Australia Denmark The Netherlands Belgium Sweden Norway Grand Total 15, , , , {1} Using end of period exchange rate. Figure Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Paris Club Bilateral Debt Rescheduled Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December ( US$bn )

41 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 35 Table ( 5 ) Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Paris Club Bilateral Debt Non Rescheduled Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December Country Total Debt (US$ million) {1} Germany 1, , , , Japan France United States Italy Spain Denmark Austria Switzerland Canada Belgium Sweden The Netherlands United Kingdom Grand Total 4, , , , {1} Using end of period exchange rate. Figure 5-1 Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Non Rescheduled Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December ( US$ mn ) 4,800 4,700 4,600 4,500 4,400 4,300 4,200 4,100 4,000 3,

42 Figure 5-2 Non Rescheduled Debt 24% Medium- and Long-Term Public and Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Paris Club Bilateral Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December 2009 Rescheduled Debt 76% Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 36

43 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 37 Table ( 6 ) Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Other Bilateral Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December Country Total Debt (US$ million) {1} Kuwait China United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia Bahrain Lebanon Czech Republic Germany Grand Total {1} Using end of period exchange rate. Figure 6 1,200 1,000 Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Other Bilateral Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December ( US$ mn )

44 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 38 Table ( 7 ) Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Multilateral Agencies Outstanding Stock as at End of December Creditor Total Debt (US$ million) {1} European Investment Bank 1, , , , IBRD , , , IDA 1, , , , IMF {2} Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development , , , African Development Bank , African Development Fund International Fund for Agricultural Development Arab Monetary Fund OPEC Islamic Development Bank Arab Trade Financing Program Nordic Investment Bank Grand Total 5, , , , {1} Using end of period exchange rate. {2} Representing SDR allocation by IMF to its member countries; Egypt s share is SDR MM. Figure ,000 8,000 Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Multilateral Agencies Outstanding Stock as at End of December ( US$ mn ) 6,000 4,000 2,

45 Figure 7-2 African Development Bank 12% IBRD 19% Medium- and Long-Term Public & Publicly Guaranteed External Debt Multilateral Agencies Outstanding Stock as at End of December 2009 Others 7% IMF 12% IDA 15% AFESD 12% European Investment Bank 23% Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 39

46 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 40 Table ( 8 ) Medium- and Long-Term Private Sector Non-Guaranteed External Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December Country Total Debt (US$ million) {1} United States Bahrain Int'l Organizations Austria Germany Japan Italy Grand Total {1} Using end of period exchange rate. Figure Medium- and Long-Term Private Sector Non-Guaranteed External Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December ( US$ mn )

47 Central Bank of Egypt - External Position 41 Table ( 9 ) Short-Term Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December (US$ million) Total Debt Short-Term Debt Deposits (Non-Residents) , , , Trade Credits , , , Loans Banking Facilities Grand Total 1, , , , Figure 9 3,000 Short-Term Debt Outstanding Stock as at End of December 2,500 2,000 ( US$ mn ) 1,500 1,