Selected results on small and medium-sized enterprises in Germany )

Transcription

1 Dr. Sandra Jung Selected results on small and medium-sized in Germany ) Micro, small and medium-sized (SMEs) are very important for the German economy. Users frequently request SME data from official statistics. This pa will provide results of an SME data analysis for reference year For this purpose data available from the annual structural statistics is used. By this means no additional burden for is generated. Preliminary remark Micro, small and medium-sized play a substantial role for economic/political discussion in Germany. 2 ) For instance, more than half of the s in Germany work in SMEs. On the national and international levels SMEs are supported by grants. The aim is to compensate for the inefficiencies of markets and to facilitate the foundation of. 3 ) SME data was last published for reference year ) The publication on hand represents the second analysis of this type. In this pa SME results are presented for reference year Now for the first time it is possible to make a comparison between two reference years by selected characteristics, such as number of, s, turnover, gross investment, and gross value added. 1 Data basis and comparable publications on SMEs in Germany For the SME analysis, annual structural statistics were used which cover sections C to I and K of the European Classification of Economic Activities, Rev. 1.1 (NACE, Rev. 1.1). 5 ) This selection comprises industry, trade, hotels and restaurants as well as certain fields of other service activities. The majority of the data used for this analysis comes from random samples. Only the survey of investments in industry is a complete count of all with 20 s and over. In line with the approach to use already available data, not a single enterprise carries any additional burden from official statistics. Nevertheless it has to be taken into account Table 1: covered by surveys in NACE sections C to I and K 2007 by size classes surveyed expanded Sampling fraction number % Micro ,749 1,485,549 8 Small... 68, , ,191 51, Big... 11,676 13, Total ,949 1,824, ) I would like to thank Matthias Nahm for translating the German version into English. 2) In this pa micro and small are regarded as one category. 3) See for instance the Small Business Act of the Commission of the European Union, Brussels ) See Kless, S./Veldhues, B.: Ausgewählte Ergebnisse für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen in Deutschland 2005 in WiSta 3/2008, p. 225 ff. (available only in the German language). 5) In the next publication of SME data for reference year 2009 it is intended to make data available for reference years 2005 and 2007 according to the classification of economic activities (NACE Rev. 2). Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq 1

2 Excursus: Definition of small and medium-sized For the distinction of micro, small and medium-sized the SME definition of the European Commission is used. With this common European wide definition it shall be ensured that only SME get access to Community support programmes. 1 ) For practical purposes this definition was slightly adapted. The are distinguished by size-classes in the following way: 2 ) Employees Annual turnover SMEs Micro... < 10 and 2 EUR mn Small... < 50 and 10 EUR mn and no micro enterprise... < 250 and 50 EUR mn and no small enterprise Big or >50 EUR mn The above definition is in line with the SME analysis made for reference year ) Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized (2003/361/EC) as published in the Official Journal L 124, p ) In addition to the two characteristics s and turnover, the EU directive takes into account whether an enterprise may be regarded as autonomous. An enterprise may be regarded as an SME only if less that 25% of that enterprise are held by another enterprise (capital or voting rights). that sample surveys imply certain standard errors. 6 )This is especially true of surveys on micro covering only 8 % of the sampling frame. More than 231,000 were analysed. The data collected for these units have been expanded to provide results for 1.8 million (see table 1). In the past, standard SME publications focussed on certain NACE sections covering either turnover or size classes. This publication makes it possible to analyse turnover and size classes at the same time for selected characteristics and for a wider NACE coverage. SME data is also available from the German business register for statistical purposes. 7 ) Register results cover a more complete range of NACE sections, for instance education (M), health and social work activities (N), and other community, social and sonal service activities (O). However, the business register provides only information on the number of and the two above-mentioned characteristics (s liable to pay social security contributions, and turnover). 8 ) 2 Results Basically, the main structure of SMEs in Germany within the above-mentioned NACE sections is nearly the same for reference years 2005 and % of the of (1.8 million ) in the NACE sections in focus belong to the population of SMEs in 2007 (see table 2). This corresponds to the centage in More than half (58.3 %) of the 22.3 million s worked in SMEs (2005: 58.4 %). SMEs account for about one-third (33.6 %) of the turnover of in the above-mentioned NACE sections (2005: 34.6 %). In 2007 SME made gross investments in fixed assets of about 73 billion Euro. This corresponds to 42.8 % of the overall investments in the NACE sections dealt with (2005: 40.3 %). Nearly half (45.2 %) of the achieved gross value added can be attributed to SMEs (2005: 46.0 %). Figure 1 gives an overview of the centages quoted. The smallest centage of micro, small, and medium-sized can be observed in the NACE section for electricity, gas and water supply (86.8 %). In contrast to all other NACE sections in focus, the energy section has a noteworthy proportion of large (13.2 %). SME centages are the highest in construction as well as in the hotel and restaurant industry (99.9 % for each section). The differences between SME data in 2005 and 2007 turned out to be more meaningful when the turnover capita by NACE sections was analysed (see table 2). For instance, electricity, gas and water supply had the highest turnover capita amounting to 364,000 Euro, whereas for hotels and restaurants the turnover capita was only 35,000 Euro. These extreme examples can be described as economic activities formed on the one hand by a small number of large with high capital intensity, and on the other hand by many SME with many s. When 2005 and 2007 data are compared, an increase in the number of SMEs can be noted which amounts to about 9 % (see table 3). Within the SME category, the rise was highest for medium-sized (11 %). This corresponds to the increase in the number of s (+ 8.5 %) and (nominal) turnover ( %). These growth rates are slightly exaggerated. The reason is that a new sample survey had to be carried out for new in trade and the hotel and restaurant industry for reference year The aim was to cover new enter- 6) For example: In cost structure surveys covering the NACE section manufacturing, mining and quarrying, the relative standard error for the characteristic turnover was below 5% and nonresponse amounted to an average 2% in recent years. In structural surveys of this section the relative standard error amounted to 10% on average. The same figure was recorded for nonresponse. Cost structure surveys cover with more than 20 s, structural surveys all other. 7) See for instance Nahm, M./Philipp, K.: Strukturdaten aus dem Unternehmensregister und Aspekte der Unternehmensdemografie in WiSta 9/2005, p. 937 ff., and Mödinger, P./Philipp, K.: Erweiterte Auswertungen mit dem Unternehmensregister in WiSta 4/2007, p. 342 ff. (available only in the German language). 8) For the differences between business register evaluations and structural statistics see Kless, S./Veldhues, B. [FN 3]. 2 Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq

3 Table 2: SMEs 1 ) by characteristics and selected economic sectors ) Employees Investment of cent age of number % number % EUR mn % EUR EUR mn % EUR number % EUR mn % EUR C I, K SMEs 1 )... 1,811, ,967, ,545, ,174 73, , , , ,870 Micro... 1,485, ,126, , , , , , , ,286 Small... 27, ,688, , ,445 23, , , , , , ,152, , ,033 29, ,075 42, , ,122 Big... 13, ,291, ,048, ,062 97, ,538 11, , ,554 Total... 1,824, ,259, ,593, ,369 1,71, , , ,230, ,261 C Mining and quarrying SMEs 1 )... 1, , , , ,055 1, , ,115 Micro , , , ,483 Small , , , , , , , , , ,198 Big , , , , , ,612 Total... 1, , , ,926 1, ,133 1, , ,165 D Manufacturing SMEs 1 ) , ,205, , ,266 16, , , , ,838 Micro , , , ,104 1, ,460 70, , ,823 Small... 59, ,091, , ,024 5, ,865 49, , , , ,643, , ,253 9, ,927 15, , ,258 Big... 5, ,037, ,460, ,809 43, ,823 5, , ,813 Total , ,243, ,878, ,337 59, , , , ,892 E Electricity, gas and water supply SMEs 1 )... 2, , , ,948 2, ,093 2, , ,549 Micro... 1, , , ,532 1, ,168 Small , , , , , , , , ,181 1, , , ,642 Big , , ,294,846 7, , , ,223 Total... 3, , , ,097,046 10, ,108 3, , ,906 F Construction SMEs 1 ) , ,459, , ,812 3, , , , ,691 Micro , , , ,018 1, ,420 94, , ,030 Small... 35, , , ,717 1, ,466 25, , , , , , , ,516 2, , ,586 Big , , , , , ,614 Total , ,581, , ,057 4, , , , ,069 G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and sonal and household goods SMEs 1 ) , ,030, , ,558 6, , , , ,670 Micro , ,180, , ,460 1, ,263 82, , ,696 Small... 74, ,143, , ,075 2, ,168 39, , , , , , ,331 2, ,025 9, , ,535 Big... 3, ,887, , ,062 7, ,851 2, , ,630 Total , ,918, ,391, ,984 14, , , , ,946 H Hotels and restaurants SMEs 1 ) , ,235, , ,478 1, ,241 63, , ,679 Micro , , , , , , ,721 Small... 29, , , , ,241 19, , , , , , , ,126 1, , ,408 Big , , , , , ,258 Total , ,386, , ,028 1, ,389 64, , ,834 I Transport, storage and communication SMEs 1 )... 96, , , ,043 6, ,633 50, , ,816 Micro... 72, , , ,567 1, ,310 31, , ,615 Small... 20, , , ,574 2, ,643 15, , , , , , ,001 2, ,422 3, , ,647 Big ,070, , ,564 17, , , ,686 Total... 97, ,016, , ,322 23, ,663 50, , ,739 K Real estate, renting and business activities SMEs 1 ) , ,004, , ,954 35, , , , ,129 Micro , ,159, , ,190 14, , , , ,021 Small... 53, , , ,573 9, ,790 40, , , , , , ,241 10, ,535 8, , ,415 Big... 2, ,751, , ,010 19, ,386 2, , ,198 Total , ,756, , ,658 55, , , , ,155 1) Small and medium-sized ; for the definitions see the excursus. 2) The European Classification of Economic Activities, Rev. 1.1 (NACE, Rev. 1.1); the content was adapted according to the national classification of activity codes, edition 2003 (WZ 2003). Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq 3

4 Figure 1 Percentages for selected characteristics by size classes 2007 % Small and medium-sized Number of Employment Big 0.7 points. However, the trend remains the same: the number of medium-sized increased the most. There is a marked increase in the number of big in NACE sections C to I and K ( %) due to which corresponding growth rates were recorded for the other characteristics such as turnover or gross investment. In order to verify the reliability of the results, further analyses are necessary. There are differences between SME data of structural sample surveys on and information from national accounts because of methodological reasons. For instance, national accounts include certain premiums for undercoverage, for the hidden economy and for sweat equity in construction in their calculation of the gross domestic product. Furthermore, national accounts draw upon several data sources such as turnover tax statistics which are not used by structural statistics. National accounts also describe the renting of flats in more detail (including owner-occupied proty). 2.1 Employment SMEs play an important role in employment: more than half of the 22.3 million s of NACE sections C-I and K worked in SMEs in 2007, about 8.8 million of them in with less than 50 s. Compared with 2005 there is nearly no change in this distribution. Interesting insights can be gained into sectoral employment differences when we consider how employment in individual NACE activity codes is distributed between SMEs and big (see figure 2). Micro and small account for more than one third of employment in construction, hotels and restaurants. Taken together, the size classes of both sections even account for 75 % of employment. In contrast, the share of employment in electricity, gas and water supply amounts to 1.4 % for micro and 5.3 % for small in this section. Regarding medium-sized, the differences between specific NACE sections are smaller. The highest centage can be observed for manufacturing (22.7 %) and the lowest in the fields of mining and quarrying (12.9 %) In the NACE section of electricity, gas and water supply, employers mostly are big. Nearly 80 % of all s in this area work in with more than 250 s. Mining is another example of employment being concentrated in big (67 %). As regards manufacturing as well as transport, storage and communications, more than half of the s in these NACE sections work in big. prises which started to oate after the sample survey with reference year 2003 had been conducted. Consequently, there is an undercoverage in reference year 2005 of the two sections in focus. When the two NACE sections trade and hotels and restaurants are excluded from a comparison over time, the average growth-rate decreases by 3 centage 2.2 Investment and gross value added For reference year 2007 the proportion of which invested at all was markedly lower with SMEs than with big. About 44 % of the 1.8 million SMEs made investments in fixed assets (see table 2). The correspond- 4 Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq

5 Figure 2 Employees of in cent by NACE sections and size classes of 2005 Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Real estate, renting and business activities Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Real estate, renting and business activities Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Micro % Small % Construction Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Real estate, renting and business activities Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Real estate, renting and business activities % Big % ing share of big is considerably higher: about 11,800 big made investments in This corresponds to a rate of 89 % as the number of big amounts to around 13,000. Inside the SME category, medium-sized accounted for the highest share of investing (82.3 %). This is close to the results of It becomes clear that the propensity for investment increases with rising enterprise size. The volume of gross investment in fixed assets rose from 143 billion Euro in 2005 to 171 billion Euro in the year accounted for the largest increase within the SME categories ( %, see table 3). When we take into account the investment for the activity codes in focus, it becomes clear that mediumsized invested more in 2007 than in 2005 (see figure 3). The largest gross investment was made by medium-sized in electricity, gas and water supply (about 43,000 Euro in 2007). The gross value added at factor cost is a measure indicating how much was actually achieved by an enterprise after deduction of all intermediate consumption. In 2007 SMEs recorded a gross value added of about 556 billion Euro. This corresponds, in comparison to 2005, to an increase of 12 %. The gross value added of big is slightly higher and amounts to 674 billion Euro, which is an increase of 15 % from 2005 to Figure 3 Gross investment for medium-sized Total Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply Construction Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communication Real estate, renting and business activities Thousand EUR A measure of labour productivity can be defined by relating gross value added to employment. Figure 4 shows that labour productivity is highest in big and low in micro. All SMEs categories recorded an increase Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq 5

6 Table 3: Change of selected characteristics relating to in economic sectors C to J and K of NACE Rev. 1.1 by size classes 2007/2005 Percent Employees Gross fixed capital investment Gross value added at factor cost SMEs 2 ) Micro Small Big Total ) The European Classification of Economic Activities (NACE) Rev ) Small and medium-sized ; for the definition see the excursus. of productivity between 2005 and 2007 except for micro. independent. Other aspects should also be included, for instance the SMEs external trade relations. 3 Outlook The current results for the structure of SMEs in Germany for the year 2007 confirm what was found for reference year The size structure of within the NACE sections was nearly steady in 2005 and Some of the sections are characterised by a large number of SMEs, such as construction or hotels and restaurants. All in all, SMEs account for a large number of in these sections and contribute considerably to employment and turnover. However, a structural change seems to take place towards big. Except for the number of s and investment, all structural characteristics mentioned showed an upward trend for big (see table 3). It has to be noted that analysing only two reference years is not sufficient for drawing a final conclusion on this development. Further analysis will show in how far the trend will continue. Figure 4 Gross value added by size-classes of Thousand EUR Micro Small Big For the next publication on reference year 2009 SME data will be adapted to the modified classification of economic activities (NACE Rev. 2). In addition, the fact that belong to enterprise groups will be taken into consideration because the SME definition implies that are 6 Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq

7 Annex table:, employment, turnover, gross fixed capital investment and gross value added, 2007, by selected activity codes 1 ) and size classes Employees Investment of cent age of number % number % EUR mn % EUR EUR mn % EUR number % EUR mn % EUR C Mining and quarrying SMEs 2 )... 1, , , , ,055 1, , ,115 Micro , , , ,483 Small , , , , , , , , , ,198 Big , , , , , ,612 Total... 1, , , ,926 1, ,133 1, , ,165 CA Mining and quarrying of energy producing materials SMEs 2 ) , , , ,906 Micro , , ,310 Small , , , , , , ,889 Big , , , , , ,927 Total , , , , , ,691 CB Mining and quarrying, except of energy producing materials SMEs 2 )... 1, , , , ,868 1, , ,795 Micro , , , ,221 Small , , , , , , , , , ,057 Big , , , , ,723 Total... 1, , , , ,136 1, , ,185 D Manufacturing SMEs 2 ) , ,205, , ,266 16, , , , ,838 Micro , , , ,104 1, ,460 70, , ,823 Small... 59, ,091, , ,024 5, ,865 49, , , , ,643, , ,253 9, ,927 15, , ,258 Big... 5, ,037, ,460, ,809 43, ,823 5, , ,813 Total , ,243, ,878, ,337 59, , , , ,892 DA Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco SMEs 2 )... 31, , , ,722 1, ,562 20, , ,253 Micro... 17, , , , ,068 8, , ,267 Small... 11, , , , ,774 9, , , , , , ,070 1, ,309 1, , ,342 Big , , ,973 3, , , ,441 Total... 32, , , ,734 5, ,334 21, , ,309 DB Manufacture of textiles and textile products SMEs 2 )... 6, , , , ,940 3, , ,037 Micro... 4, , , , ,078 Small... 1, , , , ,129 1, , , , , , , ,020 Big , , , , , ,686 Total... 6, , , , ,423 3, , ,016 DC Manufacture of leather and leather products SMEs 2 ) Micro Small Big Total... 1, , , , ,394 DD Manufacture of wood and wood products SMEs 2 )... 13, , , , ,142 8, , ,585 Micro... 10, , , , ,088 6, , ,767 Small... 2, , , , ,466 1, , , , , , , , ,732 Big , , , , , ,171 Total... 13, , , , ,355 8, , ,965 DE Manufacture of pulp, pa and pa products; publishing and printing SMEs 2 )... 19, , , ,374 1, ,926 12, , ,999 Micro... 13, , , , ,405 6, , ,560 Small... 4, , , , ,244 3, , , , , , , ,237 1, , ,961 Big , , ,512 1, , , ,599 Total... 20, , , ,763 2, ,774 12, , ,433 1) The European Classification of Economic Activities, Rev. 1.1 (NACE, Rev. 1.1); the content was adapted according to the national classification of activity codes, edition 2003 (WZ 2003). 2) Small and medium-sized ; for the definitions see the excursus. Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq 7

8 Annex table (cont.):, employment, turnover, gross fixed capital investment and gross value added, 2007, by selected activity codes 1 ) and size classes Employees Investment of cent age of number % number % EUR mn % EUR EUR mn % EUR number % EUR mn % EUR DF Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel SMEs 2 ) Micro Small Big Total , , ,893,240 1, , , ,350 DG Manufacture of chemicals, chemical products and man-made fibres SMEs 2 )... 3, , , , ,203 2, , ,794 Micro... 1, , , , ,605 Small , , , , , , , , , , , ,949 Big , , ,975 5, , , ,858 Total... 3, , , ,204 6, ,202 2, , ,863 DH Manufacture of rubber and plastic products SMEs 2 )... 6, , , ,678 1, ,543 4, , ,579 Micro... 2, , , , ,633 1, ,868 Small... 2, , , , ,224 1, , , , , , , ,336 1, , ,561 Big , , ,667 1, , , ,312 Total... 6, , , ,872 2, ,999 5, , ,281 DI Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products SMEs 2 )... 9, , , , ,934 6, , ,126 Micro... 6, , , , ,375 3, ,663 Small... 2, , , , ,401 1, , , , , , , , ,129 Big , , ,071 1, , , ,353 Total,... 9, , , ,626 2, ,387 6, , ,726 DJ Manufacture of basic metals and fabricated metal products SMEs 2 )... 39, , , ,058 3, ,779 29, , ,654 Micro... 23, , , , ,332 15, , ,927 Small... 12, , , ,003 1, ,944 11, , , , , , ,566 1, ,429 2, , ,742 Big , , ,362 4, , , ,831 Total... 40, ,091, , ,195 8, ,918 30, , ,518 DK Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. SMEs 2 )... 20, , , ,336 2, ,010 15, , ,360 Micro... 9, , , , ,662 6, , ,447 Small... 7, , , , ,319 6, , , , , , ,482 1, ,031 2, , ,305 Big , , ,174 4, , , ,325 Total... 21, ,106, , ,314 7, ,532 15, , ,367 DL Manufacture of electrical and optical equipment SMEs 2 )... 25, , , ,596 2, ,912 18, , ,365 Micro... 15, , , , ,340 9, , ,741 Small... 8, , , , ,647 7, , , , , , ,677 1, ,143 1, , ,897 Big , , ,770 5, , , ,753 Total... 26, ,015, , ,000 7, ,333 19, , ,983 DM Manufacture of transport equipment SMEs 2 )... 3, , , , ,676 2, , ,770 Micro... 1, , , ,428 1, ,149 Small , , , , , , , , , , ,028 Big , , ,951 11, , , ,360 Total... 3, , , ,660 11, ,839 2, , ,938 DN Manufacturing n.e.c. SMEs 2 )... 17, , , , ,635 10, , ,382 Micro... 13, , , , ,665 7, , ,241 Small... 2, , , , ,315 2, , , , , , , , ,378 Big , , , , , ,977 Total... 17, , , ,830 1, ,775 10, , ,771 1) The European Classification of Economic Activities, Rev. 1.1 (NACE, Rev. 1.1); the content was adapted according to the national classification of activity codes, edition 2003 (WZ 2003). 2) Small and medium-sized ; for the definitions see the excursus. 8 Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq

9 Annex table (cont.):, employment, turnover, gross fixed capital investment and gross value added, 2007, by selected activity codes 1 ) and size classes Employees Investment of cent age of number % number % EUR mn % EUR EUR mn % EUR number % EUR % EUR E Electricity, gas and water supply SMEs 2 )... 2, , , ,948 2, ,093 2, , ,549 Micro... 1, , , ,532 1, ,168 Small , , , , , , , , ,181 1, , , ,642 Big , , ,294,846 7, , , ,223 Total... 3, , , ,097,046 10, ,108 3, , , Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply SMEs 2 ) Micro , , ,466 Small , , , , , Big Total... 1, , , ,255,557 8, ,244 1, , , Collection, purification and distribution of water SMEs 2 ) Micro... 1, , , , ,816 Small , , , , , , Big Total... 1, , , ,447 2, ,016 1, , ,825 F Construction SMEs 2 ) , ,459, , ,812 3, , , , ,691 Micro , , , ,018 1, ,420 94, , ,030 Small... 35, , , ,717 1, ,466 25, , , , , , , ,516 2, , ,586 Big , , , , , ,614 Total , ,581, , ,057 4, , , , ,069 G Wholesale and retail trade: repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and sonal and household goods SMEs 2 ) , ,030, , ,558 6, , , , ,670 Micro , ,180, , ,460 1, ,263 82, , ,696 Small... 74, ,143, , ,075 2, ,168 39, , , , , , ,331 2, ,025 9, , ,535 Big... 3, ,887, , ,062 7, ,851 2, , ,630 Total , ,918, ,391, ,984 14, , , , , Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel SMEs 2 )... 86, , , ,855 2, ,423 31, , ,821 Micro... 66, , , , ,337 19, , ,395 Small... 17, , , , ,310 9, , , , , , , ,224 1, , ,391 Big , , , , , ,944 Total... 87, , , ,159 2, ,879 31, , , Wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles SMEs 2 )... 92, , , ,674 2, ,652 34, , ,663 Micro... 64, , , , ,220 17, , ,735 Small... 21, , , , ,200 12, , , , , , ,902 1, ,869 5, , ,952 Big... 2, , , ,037,851 3, ,663 1, , ,007 Total... 94, ,324, , ,094 5, ,464 36, , , Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles; repair of sonal and household goods SMEs 2 ) , ,627, , ,763 1, ,125 64, , ,160 Micro , , , , , , ,618 Small... 35, , , , ,123 17, , , , , , , ,264 2, , ,656 Big ,220, , ,901 3, , , ,238 Total , ,847, , ,827 5, ,853 64, , ,051 H Hotels and restaurants SMEs 2 ) , ,235, , ,478 1, ,241 63, , ,679 Micro , , , , , , ,721 Small... 29, , , , ,241 19, , , , , , , ,126 1, , ,408 Big , , , , , ,258 Total , ,386, , ,028 1, ,389 64, , ,834 1) The European Classification of Economic Activities, Rev. 1.1 (NACE, Rev. 1.1); the content was adapted according to the national classification of activity codes, edition 2003 (WZ 2003). 2) Small and medium-sized ; for the definitions see the excursus. Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq 9

10 Annex table (cont.):, employment, turnover, gross fixed capital investment and gross value added, 2007, by selected activity codes 1 ) and size classes Investment of Employees cent age of number % number % EUR mn % EUR EUR mn % EUR number % EUR mn % EUR I Transport, storage and communication SMEs 2 )... 96, , , ,043 6, ,633 50, , ,816 Micro... 72, , , ,567 1, ,310 31, , ,615 Small... 20, , , ,574 2, ,643 15, , , , , , ,001 2, ,422 3, , ,647 Big ,070, , ,564 17, , , ,686 Total... 97, ,016, , ,322 23, ,663 50, , , Land transport; transport via pipelines SMEs 2 )... 59, , , ,169 3, ,761 31, , ,241 Micro... 46, , , , ,817 20, , ,872 Small... 11, , , ,247 1, ,985 9, , , , , , ,550 1, ,290 1, , ,092 Big , , ,119 2, , , ,631 Total... 59, , , ,016 5, ,465 31, , , Water transport SMEs 2 )... 2, , , , ,246 1, , ,979 Micro... 1, , , , ,690 Small... 1, , , , , , , , , , , , ,581 Big , , ,437, , , ,136 Total... 2, , , ,867 1, ,454 1, , , Air transport SMEs 2 ) , , , ,554 Micro , , ,500 Small , , , , , , , ,210 Big , , ,569 1, , Total , , ,811 1, , Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies SMEs 2 )... 24, , , ,897 1, ,644 13, , ,248 Micro... 16, , , , ,772 7, , ,633 Small... 6, , , , ,478 4, , , , , , , ,486 1, , ,935 Big , , ,791 7, , , ,156 Total... 24, , , ,381 9, ,104 13, , , Post and telecommunications SMEs 2 )... 9, , , , ,326 4, , ,549 Micro... 8, , , , ,200 3, ,337 Small... 1, , , , ,046 1, , , , , , , ,695 Big , , ,722 5, , , ,930 Total... 10, , , ,386 6, ,412 4, , ,419 K Real estate, renting and business activities SMEs 2 ) Micro Small Big Total Real estate activities SMEs 2 ) , , , ,484 24, ,992 43, , ,230 Micro , , , ,012 11, ,317 37, , ,485 Small... 7, , , ,099 6, ,423 4, , , , , , ,310 6, ,750 1, , ,597 Big , , ,180 4, , , ,159 Total , , , ,748 28, ,711 43, , , Renting of machinery and equipment without oator and of sonal and household goods SMEs 2 )... 15, , , ,973 3, ,751 8, , ,159 Micro... 13, , , ,744 1, ,662 7, , ,173 Small... 1, , , , ,803 1, , , , , ,232 1, , , ,540 Big , , ,095 10, , , ,326 Total... 15, , , ,702 14, ,994 8, , ,050 1) The European Classification of Economic Activities, Rev. 1.1 (NACE, Rev. 1.1); the content was adapted according to the national classification of activity codes, edition 2003 (WZ 2003). 2) Small and medium-sized ; for the definitions see the excursus. 10 Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq

11 Annex table (cont.):, employment, turnover, gross fixed capital investment and gross value added, 2007, by selected activity codes 1 ) and size classes Employees Investment of cent age of number % number % EUR mn % EUR EUR mn % EUR number % EUR mn % EUR 72 Computer and related activities SMEs 2 )... 53, , , , ,892 31, , ,990 Micro... 47, , , , ,528 25, , ,545 Small... 5, , , , ,543 4, , , , , , , , , ,678 Big , , ,568 1, , , ,910 Total... 54, , , ,767 2, ,448 31, , , Research and development SMEs 2 )... 4, , , , ,202 2, , ,367 Micro... 3, , , ,247 1, ,932 Small , , , , , , , , , , ,326 Big , , , , , ,356 Total... 4, , , ,110 1, ,215 2, , , Other business activities SMEs 2 ) , ,242, , ,029 6, , , , ,599 Micro , , , ,749 2, , , , ,630 Small... 38, , , ,472 2, ,099 29, , , , , , ,978 1, ,448 6, , ,732 Big... 1, ,453, , ,596 2, ,823 1, , ,905 Total , ,696, , ,320 8, , , , ,787 1) The European Classification of Economic Activities, Rev. 1.1 (NACE, Rev. 1.1); the content was adapted according to the national classification of activity codes, edition 2003 (WZ 2003). 2) Small and medium-sized ; for the definitions see the excursus. Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) German version published in Wirtschaft und Statistik 1/2010, p. 41 et seqq 11

12 Extract from the journal Wirtschaft und Statistik Published by: Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office), Wiesbaden Information on this publication Ellen Roemer Phone: + 49 (0) 6 11 / You may contact us at Statistical Information Service Phone: + 49 (0) 6 11 / Fax: + 49 (0) 6 11 / Abbriviations WiSta = Wirtschaft und Statistik JD = annual average D = average (for values which cannot be added up) Vj = quarter of a year Hj = half-year a. n. g. = not elsewhere classified o. a. S. = no main economic activity St = piece Mill. = million Mrd. = billion Explanation of symbols = no figures or magnitude zero 0 = less than half of 1 in the last digit occupied, but more than zero. = numerical value unknown or not to be disclosed... = data will be available later X = cell blocked for logical reasons I or = fundamental change within a series affecting comparisons over time / = no data because the numerical value is not sufficiently reliable ( ) = limited informational value because numerical value is of limited statistical reliability Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden 2013 Reproduction and distribution, also of parts, are mitted provides that the source is mentioned. Figures have in general been roundes without taking account of the s, so that there may be an apparent slight discrepancy between the sum of the constituent items and the as shown.