Notes to the Financial Statements For the year ended 31 December 2006

Transcription

1 1. GENERAL The Company is a public limited company incorporated in Hong Kong and its shares are listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the Stock Exchange ). Shougang Holding (Hong Kong) Limited ( Shougang Holding ), a private company incorporated in Hong Kong is the controlling shareholder of the Company. The address of the registered office and principal place of business of the Company are disclosed in the Corporate Information section to the annual report. The Company is an investment holding company. The principal activities of its subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities are set out in Notes 20, 21 and 22, respectively. The consolidated financial statements are presented in Hong Kong dollars, which is the same as functional currency of the Company. 2. APPLICATION OF NEW HONG KONG FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS ( HKFRS ) In the current year, the Group has applied, for the first time, a number of new standards, amendments and interpretations (hereinafter collectively referred to as new HKFRSs ) issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants ( HKICPA ), which are either effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 December 2005 or 1 January The adoption of the new HKFRSs had no material effect on how the results for the current or prior accounting years have been prepared and presented. Accordingly, no prior year adjustment has been required. The Group has not early applied the following new standard, amendment or interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective. The Directors of the Company anticipate that the application of these standards, amendment or interpretations will have no material impact on the results and the financial position of the Group. HKAS 1 (Amendment) Capital disclosure 1 HKFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures 1 HKFRS 8 Operating Segments 2 HK(IFRIC) INT 7 Applying the restatement approach under HKAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies 3 HK(IFRIC) INT 8 Scope of HKFRS 2 4 HK(IFRIC) INT 9 Reassessment of embedded derivatives 5 HK(IFRIC) INT 10 Interim financial reporting and impairment 6 HK(IFRIC) INT 11 HKFRS 2 Group and Treasury Share Transactions 7 HK(IFRIC) INT 12 Service Concession Arrangements A n n u a l R e p o r t 53

2 2. APPLICATION OF NEW HONG KONG FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS ( HKFRS ) (continued) 1 Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 March Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 May Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 June Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 November Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 March Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the investment properties and certain financial instruments, which are measured at fair values, as explained in the accounting policies set out below. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards issued by the HKICPA. In addition, the consolidated financial statements include applicable disclosures required by the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and by the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance. Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. Control is achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated income statement from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by other members of the Group. All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated on consolidation A n n u a l R e p o r t

3 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Basis of consolidation (continued) Minority interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are presented separately from the Group s equity therein. Minority interests in the net assets consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original business combination and the minority s share of changes in equity since the date of the combination. Losses applicable to the minority in excess of the minority s interest in the subsidiary s equity are allocated against the interests of the Group except to the extent that the minority has a binding obligation and is able to make an additional investment to cover the losses. Business combinations The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for using the purchase method. The cost of the acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values, at the date of exchange, of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree, plus any costs directly attributable to the business combination. The acquiree s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities that meet the conditions for recognition under HKFRS 3 Business Combinations are recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. Goodwill arising on acquisition is recognised as an asset and initially measured at cost, being the excess of the cost of the business combination over the Group s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised. If, after reassessment, the Group s interest in the net fair value of the acquiree s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities exceeds the cost of the business combination, the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The interest of minority shareholders in the acquiree is initially measured at the minority s proportion of the net fair value of the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised. Goodwill Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a subsidiary represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group s interest in the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the relevant subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Such goodwill is carried at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a subsidiary is presented separately in the consolidated balance sheet A n n u a l R e p o r t 55

4 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Goodwill (continued) For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill arising from an acquisition is allocated to each of the relevant cash-generating units, or groups of cash-generating units, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the acquisition. A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, and whenever there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. For goodwill arising on an acquisition in a financial year, the cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment before the end of that financial year. When the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is allocated to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit first, and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised directly in the consolidated income statement. An impairment loss for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods. On subsequent disposal of a subsidiary, the attributable amount of goodwill capitalised is included in the determination of the amount of profit or loss on disposal. Investments in subsidiaries Investments in subsidiaries are included in the Company s balance sheet at cost less any identified impairment loss. Investments in associates An associate is an entity over which an investor has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture. The results and assets and liabilities of associates are incorporated in these consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, investments in associates are carried in the consolidated balance sheet at cost as adjusted for post-acquisition changes in the Group s share of net asset of the associate, less any identified impairment loss. When the Group s share of losses of an associate equals or exceeds its interest in that associate (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group s net investment in the associate), the Group discontinues recognising its share of further losses. An additional share of losses is provided for and a liability is recognised only to the extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of that associate. Where a group entity transacts with an associate of the Group, profits and losses are eliminated to the extent of the Group s interest in the relevant associate A n n u a l R e p o r t

5 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Jointly controlled entities Joint venture arrangements that involve the establishment of a separate entity in which venturers have joint control over the economic activity of the entity are referred to as jointly controlled entities. The results and assets and liabilities of jointly controlled entities are incorporated in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, investments in jointly controlled entities are carried in the consolidated balance sheet at cost as adjusted for post-acquisition changes in the Group s share of the profit or loss and of changes in equity of the jointly controlled entities, less any identified impairment loss. When the Group s share of losses of a jointly controlled entity equals or exceeds its interest in that jointly controlled entity (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group s net investment in the jointly controlled entity), the Group discontinues recognising its share of further losses. An additional share of losses is provided for and a liability is recognised only to the extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of that jointly controlled entity. When a group entity transacts with a jointly controlled entity of the Group, unrealised profits or losses are eliminated to the extent of the Group s interest in the jointly controlled entity, except to the extent that unrealised losses provide evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred, in which case, the full amount of losses is recognised. Revenue recognition Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts and sales related taxes. Sales of goods are recognised when goods are delivered and title has passed. Interest income from a financial asset is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset s net carrying amount. Dividend income from investments is recognised when the shareholders rights to receive payment have been established. Rental income is recognised on a straight-line basis over the relevant lease terms. Service income is recognised when services are provided A n n u a l R e p o r t 57

6 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Investment properties On initial recognition, investment properties are measured at cost, including any directly attributable expenditure. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured using the fair value model. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of investment property are included in profit or loss for the period in which they arise. An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use or no future economic benefits are expected from its disposals. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the consolidated income statement in the year in which the item is derecognised. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress are stated at cost less subsequent depreciation and impairment loss. Construction in progress represents property, plant and equipment in the course of construction for production or for its own use purposes. Construction in progress is carried at cost, less accumulated impairment losses. No depreciation is provided on construction in progress until the construction is completed and the properties and asset are ready for use. Depreciation is provided to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment other than construction in progress over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method, at the following rates per annum: Leasehold properties 2% 4% Machinery, moulds and tools 4% 20% Equipment, furniture and fixtures 15% 20% Motor vehicles 25% to 33 1 / 3% Leasehold improvements 4% to 20% Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets or, where shorter, the term of the relevant lease. An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item) is included in the income statement in the year in which the item is derecognised A n n u a l R e p o r t

7 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Prepaid lease payments Payments for obtaining land use rights are accounted for as prepaid lease payments and are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Prepaid lease payments which are to be charged to the income statement in the next twelve months or less are classified as current assets. Intangible assets Research and development expenditures Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. An internally-generated intangible asset arising from development expenditure is recognised only if it is anticipated that the development costs incurred on a clearly-defined project will be recovered through future commercial activity. The resultant asset is amortised on a straightline basis over its useful life, and carried at cost less subsequent accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. The amount initially recognised for internally-generated intangible asset is the sum of the expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria. Where no internally-generated intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is charged to profit or loss in the period in which it is incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, internally-generated intangible asset is reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets acquired separately. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are identified and recognised separately from goodwill where they satisfy the definition of an intangible asset and their fair values can be measured reliably. The cost of such intangible assets is their fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets with finite useful lives are carried at costs less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation for intangible assets with finite useful lives is provided on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives A n n u a l R e p o r t 59

8 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Intangible assets (continued) Impairment Intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually by comparing their carrying amounts with their recoverable amounts, irrespective of whether there is any indication that they may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised as an expense immediately. When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are tested for impairment when there is an indication that an asset may be impaired (see the accounting policies in respect of impairment losses for tangible and intangible assets below). Assets classified as held for sale Assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of the assets previous carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Club debenture Club debentures are stated at cost, less any identified impairment losses A n n u a l R e p o r t

9 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Installation contracts Revenue generated from installation contracts comprise the followings: Sale of hardware (including computer hardware, purchased computer software, parts and components and equipment) Sales of goods are recognised when goods are delivered and title has passed. Cost of good sold are recognised when goods are received and title has passed. Provision of services (installation, system development, system integration, system design and related services) Where the outcome of a contract for the installation of network systems can be estimated reliably, revenue and costs are recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the balance sheet date, as measured by the proportion that contract costs incurred for work performed to date bear to the estimated total costs, except where this would not be representative of the stage of completion. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments are included to the extent that they have been agreed with the customer. Where the outcome of a contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised to the extent of contract costs incurred that it is probable will be recoverable. Contract costs are recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred. When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately. Where contract costs incurred to date plus recognised profits less recognised losses exceed progress billings, the surplus is shown as amounts due from customers for contract work. For contracts where progress billings exceed contract costs incurred to date plus recognised profits less recognised losses, the surplus is shown as amounts due to customers for contract work. Amounts received before the related work is performed are included in the consolidated balance sheet, as a liability, as advances received included in other payables, deposits received and accruals. Amounts billed for work performed but not yet paid by the customer are included in the consolidated balance sheet under trade and bills receivables A n n u a l R e p o r t 61

10 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Leasing Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. The Group as lessor Rental income from operating leases is recognised in the consolidated income statement on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Group as lessee Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets of the Group at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged directly to profit or loss. Rentals payable under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to enter into an operating lease are recognised as a reduction of rental expense over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Leasehold land and building The land and building elements of a lease of land and building are considered separately for the purpose of lease classification leasehold land which title is not expected pass to the lessee by the end of the lease term is classified as an operating lease unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements, in which case, the entire lease is classified as a finance lease A n n u a l R e p o r t

11 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Foreign currencies In preparing the financial statements of each individual group entity, transactions in currencies other than the functional currency of that entity (foreign currencies) are recorded in its functional currency (i.e. the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates) at the rates of exchanges prevailing on the dates of the transactions. At each balance sheet date, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items, and on the translation of monetary items, are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise, except for exchange differences arising on a monetary item that forms part of the Group s net investment in a foreign operation, in which case, such exchange differences are recognised in equity in the consolidated financials statements. Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of non-monetary items carried at fair value are included in profit or loss for the period. For the purposes of presenting the consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Group s foreign operations are translated into the presentation currency of the Company (i.e. Hong Kong dollars) at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date, and their income and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates for the year, unless exchange rates fluctuate significantly during the period, in which case, the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised as a separate component of equity (the translation reserve). Such exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which the foreign operation is disposed of. Goodwill and fair value adjustments on identifiable assets acquired arising on an acquisition of a foreign operation on or after 1 January 2005 are treated as assets and liabilities of that foreign operation and translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising are recognised in the translation reserve. Retirement benefits costs Payments to state-managed retirement benefits schemes and the Mandatory Provident Fund Scheme are charged as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions A n n u a l R e p o r t 63

12 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Government grants Government grants are recognised as income when the Group was entitled to obtain the grants and are reported separately as other income. Taxation Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the consolidated income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years, and it further excludes consolidated income statement items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited to the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is calculated using the first-in, first-out method A n n u a l R e p o r t

13 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Financial instruments Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the balance sheet when a group entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Financial assets The Group s financial assets are classified into loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial assets. The Company s financial assets are classified as loans and receivables. The accounting policies adopted in respect of each category of financial assets are set out below. Loans and receivables Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. At each balance sheet date subsequent to initial recognition, loans and receivables (including trade and bills receivable, other receivables, advances to subsidiaries, amounts due from subsidiaries, amount due from an associate, amount due from a jointly controlled entity, pledged bank deposits, time deposits, bank balances and cash) are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any identified impairment losses. An impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, and is measured as the difference between the assets carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate. Impairment losses are reversed in subsequent periods when an increase in the asset s recoverable amount can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, subject to a restriction that the carrying amount of the asset at the date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortised cost would have been had the impairment not been recognised A n n u a l R e p o r t 65

14 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Financial instruments (continued) Financial assets (continued) Available-for-sale financial assets Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated or not classified as financial assets at fair value through profit and loss, loans and receivables and held-tomaturity investments. For available-for-sale equity investments that do not have a quoted market price in an active market and whose fair value cannot be reliably measured and derivatives that are linked to and must be settled by delivery of such unquoted equity instruments, they are measured at cost less any identified impairment losses at each balance sheet date subsequent to initial recognition. An impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired. The amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset. Such impairment losses will not reverse in subsequent periods. Financial liabilities and equity Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by a group entity are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities. The accounting policies adopted in respect of financial liabilities and equity instruments are set out below. Financial liabilities Financial liabilities (including trade and bills payables, other payables, amounts due to subsidiaries, amount due to a related company, amount due to a shareholder, amount due to a jointly controlled entity, bank borrowings and obligations under finance leases) are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method. Equity instruments Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs A n n u a l R e p o r t

15 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Financial instruments (continued) Financial guarantee contracts A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. A financial guarantee contract issued by the Group and the Company and not designated as at fair value through profit or loss is recognised initially at its fair value less transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of the financial guarantee contract. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Group and the Company measure the financial guarantee contact at the higher of: (i) the amount determined in accordance with HKAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets; and (ii) the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, cumulative amortisation recognised in accordance with HKAS 18 Revenue. Derecognition Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets expire or, the financial assets are transferred and the Group and the Company have transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the asset s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received is recognised in profit or loss. For financial liabilities, they are removed from the Group s and the Company s balance sheet (i.e. when the obligation specified in the relevant contract is discharged, cancelled or expired). The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration is recognised in profit or loss. Equity settled share-based payment transactions Share options granted to employees The fair value of services received determined by reference to the fair value of share options granted at the grant date is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period with a corresponding increase in equity (share option reserve). At each balance sheet date, the Group revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to ultimately vest. The impact of the revision of the estimates, if any, is recognised in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to share option reserve A n n u a l R e p o r t 67

16 3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Equity settled share-based payment transactions (continued) Share options granted to employees (continued) At the time when the share options are exercised, the amount previously recognised in share option reserve will be transferred to share premium. When the share options are forfeited or are still not exercised at the expiry date, the amount previously recognised in share option reserve will be transferred to (deficit) retained earnings. The Group and the Company have not applied HKFRS 2 to share options granted or before 7 November 2002 and after 7 November 2002 but vested before 1 January 2005 in accordance with the transitional provisions of HKFRS 2. Share options granted to suppliers/consultants Share options issued in exchange for goods or services are measured at the fair values of the goods or services received. The fair values of the goods or services received are recognised immediately as expenses immediately, unless the goods or services qualify for recognition as assets. Corresponding adjustment has been made to equity (share option reserve). Impairment losses (other than goodwill and intangible assets that are not ready for use see the accounting policies in respect of goodwill and intangible assets above) At each balance sheet date, the Group and the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised as an expense immediately. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised as income immediately. Borrowings costs All borrowings costs are recognized as and included in finance costs in the consolidated income statement in the period in which they are incurred A n n u a l R e p o r t

17 4. KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY The key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the balance sheet date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are discussed below. Estimated impairment of goodwill Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated. The value in use calculation requires the Group to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate the present value. Where the actual future cash flows are less than expected, a material impairment loss may arise. As at 31 December 2006, the carrying amount of goodwill is HK$138,144,000. Details of the recoverable amount calculation are disclosed in Note 18. Useful lives and impairment assessment of property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and identified impairment losses. The estimation of their useful lives impacts the level of annual depreciation expense recorded. The estimated useful life and dates that the Group place the equipment into production use reflects the directors estimate of the periods that the Group intend to derive future economic benefits from the use of the Group s plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment are evaluated for possible impairment on a specific asset basis or in groups of similar assets, as applicable. This process requires management s estimate of future cash flows generated by each asset or group of assets. For any instance where this evaluation process indicates impairment, the appropriate asset s carrying values are written down to the recoverable amount and the amount of the write-down is charged against the results of operations. Estimated impairment of inventories The management of the Group reviews an aging analysis at each balance sheet date, and makes allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventory items identified that are no longer suitable for use in production. The management estimates the net realisable value for such inventories based primarily on the latest invoice prices and current market conditions. The Group carries out an inventory review on a product-by-product basis at each balance sheet date and makes allowance for obsolete items. Shall there are changes in market conditions of the inventories, additional impairment may be required A n n u a l R e p o r t 69

18 4. KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY (continued) Estimated impairment of trade receivables In determining whether there is objective evidence of impairment loss, the Group takes into consideration the estimation of future cash flows. The amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the asset s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the financial asset s original effective interest rate (i.e. the effective interest rate computed at initial recognition). Where the actual future cash flows are less than expected, a material impairment loss may arise. Allowance for bad and doubtful debts of approximately HK$2,920,000 was made for the year ended 31 December 2006 (2005: HK$1,818,000). Income taxes As at 31 December 2006, a deferred tax asset of approximately HK$25,998,000 and HK$2,147,000 in relation to unused tax losses and other deductible temporary differences respectively has been recognised (Note 42). The realisability of the deferred tax asset mainly depends on whether sufficient future profits or taxable temporary differences will be available in the future. In cases where the actual future profits generated are less than expected, a reversal of deferred tax assets may arise, which would be recognised in the consolidated income statement for the period in which such a reversal takes place. 5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS a. Financial risk management objectives and policies The Group s and the Company s major financial instruments include available-for-sale investments, trade and bills receivables, other receivables, amounts due from subsidiaries, amount due from an associate, amount due from a jointly controlled entity, pledged bank deposits, time deposits, bank balances and cash, trade and bills payables, other payables, time deposits, amounts due to subsidiaries, amount due to a related company, amount due to a shareholder, amount due to a jointly controlled entity and bank borrowings. Details of these financial instruments are disclosed in respective notes. The risks associated with these financial instruments and the policies on how to mitigate these risks are set out below. The management manages and monitors these exposures to ensure appropriate measures are implemented on a timely and effective manner A n n u a l R e p o r t

19 5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) a. Financial risk management objectives and policies (continued) Market risk Currency risk Several subsidiaries of the Company have foreign currency sales and purchases, which expose the Group to foreign currency risk. Hence, certain trade receivables and trade payables at 31 December 2006 of the Group are denominated in foreign currencies. The Group currently does not have a foreign currency hedging policy. However, the management monitors foreign exchange exposure and will consider hedging significant foreign currency exposure should the need arises. Fair value interest rate risk The Group s fair value interest rate risk relates primarily to fixed-rate borrowings and fixed-rate obligations under finance leases (see Notes 36 and 37 for details of these borrowings and obligations under finance leases respectively). Cash flow interest rate risk The Group s and the Company s cash flow interest rate risk relates primarily to variablerate bank borrowings (see Note 36 for details of these borrowings). The management monitors the interest rate risk and will consider hedging should the need arise. Credit risk As at 31 December 2006, the Group s maximum exposure to credit risk which will cause a financial loss to the Group due to failure to discharge an obligation by the counterparties and financial guarantees issued by the Group and the Company is arising from the carrying amount of the respective recognised financial assets as stated in the consolidated balance sheet and the amount of contingent liabilities disclosed in Note A n n u a l R e p o r t 71

20 5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) a. Financial risk management objectives and policies (continued) Credit risk (continued) In order to minimise the credit risk, the management of the Group has delegated a team responsible for determination of credit limits, credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. In addition, the Group reviews the recoverable amount of each individual trade debt at each balance sheet date to ensure that adequate impairment losses are made for irrecoverable amounts. In this regard, the directors of the Company consider that the Group s credit risk is significantly reduced. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies. The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk, with exposure spread over a number of counterparties and customers. No material credit risk exposure on financial guarantee granted by the Group is noted because the jointly controlled entity the outsider and the subsidiaries disclosed in note 46 have strong financial position, and the risks for default payment are low. The Company has no significant credit risk as at 31 December b. Fair value The fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are determined in accordance with generally accepted pricing models based on discounted cash flow analysis using prices from observable current market transactions. The directors consider that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at amortised cost in the financial statements approximate their fair values A n n u a l R e p o r t

21 6. REVENUE Revenue represents the amounts received and receivable for goods sold by the Group to outside customers, less returns and allowances, revenue arising from installation contracts, services rendered and rental income for the year, and is analysed as follows: HK$ 000 HK$ 000 Sales of goods 465, ,713 Revenue from installation contracts 149,018 Rendering of services 9,222 12,541 Property rental income 388 1, , , BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (a) Business segments For management purposes, the Group is currently organised into six operating divisions. These divisions are the basis on which the Group reports its primary segment information. The intelligent information business is a new segment established during 2006 after the acquisition of SST as set out in Note 40. Inter-segment sales are charged at prevailing market prices A n n u a l R e p o r t 73

22 7. BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (continued) (a) Business segments (continued) Segment information about these businesses is presented below: Telephone Adaptors High accessories and Printed precision Intelligent and electronic circuit metal Photomask information power cords products boards components business business Others Eliminations Total HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 REVENUE External sales 187, ,084 24,453 64,065 42, ,718 8, ,388 Inter-segment sales 34, ,626 (60,235) Total 221, ,265 24,453 64,065 42, ,718 34,063 (60,235) 624,388 RESULT Segment results 992 (9,419) (18,840) (3,259) (66,021) 28,037 (9,460) (221) (78,191) Bank interest income 682 Finance costs (19,901) Share of results of associates 17,863 (83) 17,780 Share of results of jointly controlled entities (10,429) 16,021 5,592 Loss before tax (74,038) Income tax expense 534 Loss for the year (73,504) BALANCE SHEET Segment assets 113,576 64,531 27,196 41, , ,626 77, ,852 Investments in associates 66,315 2,369 68,684 Investments in jointly controlled entities 2, , ,639 Unallocated corporate assets 57,263 Consolidated total assets 1,268,438 Segment liabilities 51,191 31,342 9,420 20,763 24, , , ,853 Unallocated corporate liabilities 194,193 Consolidated total liabilities 591, A n n u a l R e p o r t

23 7. BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (continued) (a) Business segments (continued) (continued) Telephone Adaptors High accessories and Printed precision Intelligent and electronic circuit metal Photomask information power cords products boards components business business Others Eliminations Total HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 OTHER INFORMATION Capital expenditure by the Group 4, ,049 1,218 2,296 14,929 Capital expenditure through acquisition of subsidiaries 9,191 9,191 Depreciation 8,034 1,017 3,285 2,024 48,676 1,764 3,884 68,684 Amortisation of intangible assets 1,049 1,049 Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment 654 (99) (184) (159) 212 Gain on disposal of assets classified as held for sale 5,867 5,867 Impairment loss recognised on accounts receivable 964 1, ,920 Impairment loss recognised on inventories Impairment loss recognised on intangible assets A n n u a l R e p o r t 75

24 7. BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (continued) (a) Business segments (continued) For the year ended 31 December 2005 Telephone Adaptors High accessories and Printed precision and electronic circuit metal Photomask power cords products boards components business Others Eliminations Total HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 REVENUE External sales 189,779 91,972 48,898 66,344 20,868 8, ,676 Inter-segment sales 32,853 4, ,555 (60,260) Total 222,632 96,295 49,427 66,344 20,868 31,370 (60,260) 426,676 RESULT Segment results (13,245) (5,741) (8,399) 3,693 (226,226) (17,294) (267,212) Bank interest income 186 Finance costs (13,197) Share of result of an associate 10,493 10,493 Share of results of jointly controlled entities 13,860 13,860 Loss before tax (255,870) Income tax expense (2,025) Loss for the year (257,895) BALANCE SHEET Segment assets 118,465 49,330 73,650 40, ,222 91, ,495 Investments an associate 46,588 46,588 Investments in jointly controlled entities 186, ,421 Unallocated corporate assets 60,543 Consolidated total assets 884,047 Segment liabilities 31,192 15,659 15,191 18,041 16,287 17, ,118 Unallocated corporate liabilities 291,045 Consolidated total liabilities 405, A n n u a l R e p o r t

25 7. BUSINESS AND GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENTS (continued) (a) Business segments (continued) For the year ended 31 December 2005 (continued) Telephone Adaptors High accessories and Printed precision and electronic circuit metal Photomask power cords products boards components business Others Eliminations Total HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 HK$ 000 OTHER INFORMATION Capital expenditure by the Group 5, , ,606 Depreciation 9,222 1,503 4,215 2,258 78,985 3,761 99,944 Impairment loss recognised on property, plant and equipment 123, ,671 Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment Impairment loss recognised on accounts receivable 1, ,818 Impairment loss recognised on inventories 3,385 1, ,084 (b) Geographical segments The Group s operations are located in Hong Kong, the People s Republic of China (other than Hong Kong) (the PRC ), Europe and Australia. The following table provides an analysis of the Group s sales by geographical market, irrespective of the origin of goods/services: HK$ 000 HK$ 000 The PRC 205,674 57,368 Hong Kong 292, ,718 Europe 68,444 61,842 Australia 6,438 10,469 Others 51,144 46, , , A n n u a l R e p o r t 77