Public Health Agencies. PUBLIC HEALTH is a community wide effort to monitor, protect, and promote the health of the population as a whole.

Transcription

1 Community Health

2 Public Health Agencies PUBLIC HEALTH is a community wide effort to monitor, protect, and promote the health of the population as a whole.

3 Public Health Agencies Cont d. - Local Health Agencies * City, county, or state - National Health Agencies * Environmental Protection Agency-EPA * Occupational Safety and Health Ass. - OSHA * United States Dept. of Agriculture - USDA * Food and Drug Administration - FDA * Center for Disease and Control - CDC - Global Health Organizations Peace Corps, World Health Organization (WHO) etc.

4 Facilities for Health Care Services PRIVATE PRACTICES: physicians work for themselves in an office CLINICS: physicians provide outpatient care in a community clinic GROUP PRACTICES: doctors share office space, equipment, and support staff in an office

5 HOSPITALS: there are 4 types Private: owned by private corporations and operates for profit Voluntary: owned by a community and does not operate for profit Government: run by the government for the benefit of a specific population Teaching: a hospital associated with a medical or nursing school

6 EMERGENCY ROOM: a facility in a hospital where emergency care is provided without an appointment URGENT CARE CENTERS: a facility that is separate from a hospital where they treat minor emergencies HOSPICE: a facility for people who are dying and their families

7 CONTINUING CARE & ASSISSTED LIVING FACILITIES: provide short and long term care for people who need help with daily tasks but do not require professional medical care TELEMEDICINE: the practice of medicine over distance through the use of telecommunications equipment DRUG TREATMENT CENTERS: specialize in treating people with drug and alcohol problems outside of a hospital setting

8 Paying Health Care Costs Health Insurance Private and government programs that pay for part or all of a person s medical costs Fee-for-service Patient must pay for all medical expenses up to a certain minimum amount, known as the deductible After the deductible is reached, the insurance company will cover a percentage of the patient s costs Managed Care These plans hold down costs by limiting patients choices and encouraging preventative care. Example.HMOs

9 CO-PAYMENT: the portion of the medical fee that an individual must pay PRE-EXISTING CONDITION: a health problem that a person had before being covered by insurance

10 MEDICARE: a government health insurance plan for people aged 65 and older MEDICAID: a government health insurance plan for people with low incomes

11 Health fraud The sale of worthless products or services that claim to prevent diseases or cure other health problems Malpractice Failure by a health professional to meet accepted standards

12 Other types of insurance Surgical insurance helps cover the cost of surgery Hospitalization insurance helps cover the cost of a hospital stay Major Medical insurance helps cover the cost of major medical problems such as cancer

13 Things to consider when buying health insurance: What is covered? What is not covered? Is maternity care covered? Are immunizations covered? Are vision and dental care covered? Is physical therapy covered? Is there a waiting time before coverage begins?

14 John Q. Movie Discussion How did this movie make you feel? What do you think John s next step will be? 47 million US citizens are uninsured 25 million in US are underinsured Can t afford to cover the gap between what their insurance covers and their medical bills demand

15 THINGS TO REMEMBER WHEN CHOOSING A PHYSICIAN

16 Choose your doctor when you are in good health Ask family, friends, hospitals and your insurance company Select a board certified and licensed physician Check credentials and ask questions Check out office hours, wait time, house calls, and emergency care Ask about payment options Communication, comfort, confidence? Don t be afraid to change doctors

17 Medical History Complete and comprehensive info about your immunizations and any health problems you have had Doctor should know your medical history including: Any health conditions you have now Major problems you have had in the past All medicines you are taking Any allergies to food or medications Any health problems that run in your family Your lifestyle and habits (diet, exercise, etc)

18 Match the following specialties to their picture: Allergist Geriatrician Gastroenterologist Podiatrist Radiologist Proctologist

19 Neurologist Nephrologist Psychiatrist Gynecologist Obstetrician Urologist

20 Anesthesiologist Cardiologist Hematologist Ophthalmologist Oncologist Pathologist

21 Dermatologist Internist Orthopedic Surgeon Otorhinolaryngologist Pediatrician Plastic Surgeon

22 Hidden Messages in Advertising Being a health literate consumer is important to your overall health How does advertising influence your decisions? Advertising A written or spoken media message designed to interest consumers in purchasing a product or service

23 Participation Activity With a partner, write down the 6 techniques for hidden messages in advertising (p. 47 in book) and an example of a TV or magazine ad that uses that technique Discuss and write down which you think are the most effective and least effective methods and why you think that

24 Environmental Health

25 Why study Environmental Health? It is important to protect our environment, from air to land to water. Without a healthy environment to live in, our health and wellness will decline.

26 Air Pollution and AQI AIR POLLUTION is the contamination of the earth s atmosphere by harmful substances. AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI) is an index for reporting daily air quality (green, yellow, orange, red, etc.) SMOG is a brownish haze that forms in urban areas.

27 The GREENHOUSE EFFECT is the trapping of heat by gases in the earth s atmosphere. Scientists believe that this results in GLOBAL WARMING, which is an overall increase in the earth s temperature.

28 NOISE!!!!! NOISE POLLUTION is harmful unwanted sound loud enough to damage hearing.

29 Waste Disposal WASTE DISPOSAL is important so that we do not pollute our land and water. There are several types of waste: - BIODEGRADABLE wastes are able to be broken down by microorganisms in the environment, if they are exposed to them

30 Waste Disposal cont. SOLID waste must be either put into landfills (buried) or incinerated (burned) HAZARDOUS wastes are dangerous to human health or the environment and must be discarded at special disposal sites

31 DEFORESTATION is the destruction of forests and can cause many problems for plants and animals, including increasing greenhouse gases.

32 URBAN SPRAWL is the spreading of city development (houses, shopping center, etc) onto undeveloped land.

33 WATER POLLUTION can come from runoff, wastewater (homes, businesses, etc.), sediment, or oil. This is especially important because we do not have an unlimited supply of it.

34 Conservation CONSERVATION is the protection and preservation of the environment by managing natural resources to prevent abuse, destruction, and neglect, and to avoid waste. Switch off lights when you leave the room Turn off radios, computers, and televisions when they are not in use What else can teenagers do?

35 Other ways to protect the environment Reduce- reduce waste before it is generated. Example: use reusable products and products with less packaging. Reuse- if you have an item that you no longer need, you can sell it, give it to a friend, or donate it to a charity instead of throwing it away. Recycle- recycling conserves materials and energy and reduces the need for new landfills and incinerators.