Road Accident Database

Transcription

1 Database Road Accident Database

2 i n t o p o a o j p A a w d j h p o ps R w d t u e p o o 0 1

3 What is Data? Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables that can be measured, collected and analyzed to create information suitable for making decisions. (Wikipedia) A database is an organized collection of data.

4 Why do we need data? Implementation Research Data is the prime thing for solution to road safety problem

5 How do we use data? To assess the nature and extent of road accident problem To identify various characteristics and features of accidents and injuries To identify root causes of crashes To develop countermeasures to prevent crashes and to reduce severity of injury

6 To set Road Safety Targets To establish priorities for intervention To convince the public and policy makers of the importance of certain injuries and the need for allocate appropriate resources for injury control programs To monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures

7 How do we use data? Contd a on accidents/injuries are necessary to: To monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures Convince the public and policy makers of the importance of certain injuries and the need for appropriate action

8 What types of data do we need? For most purposes the database needs to be able to answer the following questions: - Where-accidents occur? When-accidents occur? Who-was involved? What-was result of collision? Why/how did collision occur?

9 WHERE (location) - describes the detailed location of the accident preferably by reference to the nearest node. Other locational information such as the suburb name, local class/type etc. complete the basic data. o Further includes Speed limit Roadside development Traffic flow Street lights Traffic control devices and their operational conditions

10 Accident data should have the following information: WHEN (Time) - relates to o the time of day, o day of weeks, o day of month o year - useful addition day light, dark or twilight etc.

11 WHO (Vehicle, Passenger) Vehicle car bus truck etc. Passenger age sex nationality occupation etc.

12 WHAT (Kind of accident) Out come of accidents: Deaths, injuries, property damages. Fatal Injured, Hospital admission Injured, Medical treatment required Injured, Medical treatment not required Property damage only

13 HOW (The accident happened) This means the accident type which relates to the paths of the vehicles and pedestrians just prior to the accident or after accident.

14 What types of data do we need? Contd Central Database

15 What level of detail is required? Accident parameters Type Severity Consequences Fatality Injury General information Location Time Road characteristics Type Class Surface condition etc. Vehicle characteristics Type Defect Movement Pattern etc. Road user information (Driver, Passenger, Pedestrian) age, sex, seat belt use, alcohol influence weather and traffic conditions (rain, snow, etc.)

16 Road safety engineers - for the purposes of the development of remedial orpro-active road and traffic measures Police - for the purpose of charging a person with a criminal offence in relation to specific accident Lawyers - acting for clients in civil litigation

17 Insurers - seeking facts before selling an insurance claim Those with responsibility for road safety education or publicity - who may be concerned to ensure that their efforts are well targeted Police - in relation to enforcement activities, such as the location of speed cameras or breath testing stations

18 Safety administrators - exercising a duty to report statistical information on road accidents Researchers - who need access to a good reliable database in order to conduct rigorous research projects

19 Vehicle or component manufacturers and suppliers of highway materials - who wish to assess the safety of their product, perhaps from the viewpoint of litigation, marketing, or product enhancement Public health administrators - It can be seen that there are potentially many uses and users of accident data, and their needs are not coincident.

20 Different Sources of Accident Data Police Main source of basic and fundamental accident data Hospital Estimates of the cost of injuries based on hospital records of the treatment received, length of stay Insurance Company Very effective for counting all type of accident Auto-shop/vehicle servicing workshop Very effective for counting PDO accident At-scene studies This is done by investigating accidents at the scene by a special team of independent professional investigators Newspaper Press cut approach

21 Limitations of Different Data Sources Police Major problem- under reporting especially for injury accident Hospital lack information on crash data, road data, vehicle data and only provide information on injury Insurance Company lack information on detail road data, fatality/injury data

22 Limitations of Different Data Sources Auto-shop/vehicle servicing workshop lack information on road data, injury data Newspaper Some degree of under reporting Lack information on road data and detail vehicle data

23 What is the scenario in Police Bangladesh? Major problem- under reporting especially for injury accident Accident data collection form i.e. Accident Report Form (ARF) is not filled up properly The other sources are not widely used and some do not exist at all

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25 Road Traffic Injury Pyramid Bangladesh Bangladesh 10, , ,000 1 million Source: Bangladesh Health & Injury Survey Report, January 2005 For every injury death, 50 injured attend emergency care 500,000 people are estimated to visit emergency room 1

26 Country Fatalities Injuries Injuries /Death Source JAPAN Police data. GERMANY Federal Statistics Office data. UNITED Police data. KINGDOM USA Health data. AUSTRIA Statistics Austria. CANADA Police data. BELGIUM Statistics Belgium estimate. SWEDEN Police data. HUNGARY Police data. Australia Health and Transport data SRI LANKA Police data 2007 BRAZIL State Traffic Departments, ETHIOPIA Police data MYANMAR Police and Transport data. BHUTAN Police data SAUDI ARABIA Police data.

27 The problem of underreporting in Bangladesh Year Death Injury Injury/Death

28 Year Accident and Casualties According to JMBA No. of Accidents No. of Fatalities No. of Serious Injuries No. of Simple Injuries No. of Total Injuries Injuries/ Death Total Accident and Casualties According to MAAP Year No. of Accidents No. of Fatalities No. of Serious Injuries No. of Simple Injuries No. of Total Injuries Injuries/ Death Total

29 Due to Underreporting it is difficult to: Understand the Magnitude of the problems and crash risks Calculate the total loses due to such incident Estimate the recurrent lose of resources Motivate politician for taking initiative to improve the situation Motivate donor agencies for support Setup national or regional or local target Evaluate the effectiveness of a program

30 Accident data Collection System in Bangladesh For each accident police do First Information Report (FIR) Then Accident Report Form (ARF) is completed by an Investigating Officer (IO) usually a sub-inspector of police after visiting the accident spot The ARF is then dispatched to the respective Accident Data Units (ADU) established in divisions and Metropolitans In the ADU the information from ARF and location of the accident is incorporated into MAAP Finally data is sent from the regional ADUs to the police HQ in soft form

31 Accident data Collection System in Bangladesh Contd The whole database is then transferred to ARI for research purpose with institutional collaboration of the Road Safety Cell (RSC) of BRTA and the Police department ARI is collecting ARFs from all ADUs to develop a rich accident database system by checking the ARFs and fill them with RUM codes including additional data which are missing in police filled ARFs. The current road safety research, investigation, implementation works are based on this database

32 Accident data Collection System in Bangladesh Contd ARI s contribution in accident database Collection of ARFs from police ADUs Checking data filled by police Assign RUM codes for the type of accident Input data with RUM code in MAAP database

33 Accident Report Form (ARF)

34 Accident Report Form (ARF) Contd

35 Accident Report Form (ARF) Contd

36 Accident Report Form (ARF) Contd

37 Accident data coding

38 Accident data coding

39 Interface of MAAP Software

40 Map Showing Accidents in Dhaka City

41 Limitations of ARF Although the form contains 67 fields of data still it is not sufficient enough for accident analysis. Only the characteristic analyses are possible. The ARF is not easily understandable - making it quite impossible for the police officers to fill it properly. Short description of the incidences does not reflect the in-depth scenario of the accident.

42 Limitations of ARF Contd There is no arrangement for adding photograph in the ARF. Collision diagram is quite difficult to draw properly. There is no field to incorporate non-standard vehicles in the form. No witness interview detail. 18 contributing factors of accidents are included in the form which does not cover all the accident causation aspects. Difficult to identify black spots.

43 How To Improve The Data Situation The present situation can be improved by taking some actions which are listed below: Training of Police Officers, who are in charge of filling up the ARF, Include appropriate texts into course curriculum of training of sub-inspectors in Sardah Police Academy, Holding publicity campaign about importance of data, Passing strict order from Police Headquarter about timely reporting,

44 How To Improve The Data Situation Contd Develop accountability system etc. Update accident Location Coding System, Upgrade MAAP5 software from DOS to Windows version, Establish dialup network between ADUs, Police Headquarters and Road Safety Cell.

45 Database