PJM Surety Bond Education

Transcription

1 PJM Surety Bond Education

2 Agenda PJM and Surety Bond Evolution Surety Bond Basics Surety Bond/LC Similarities and Differences Exelon s View of the Pros and Cons 1

3 PJM and Surety Bond Evolution Where were we? Early 2000 s, surety bonds were acceptable form of financial assurance in the PJM market. Why? Less complexity Fewer market participants Smaller collateral obligations In 2001, a couple of load serving entities did not have proper financing to cover collateral obligations. Although these entities were not posting bonds, PJM believed bonds at the time were not secure enough to cover defaults Therefore, PJM revamped its credit policy to only allow LC s and cash to cover credit exposure Where are we now? Two ISO s, ERCOT and NYISO, allow for the use of surety bonds as financial assurance to cover credit exposure Surety bond language over the years has become more aligned with letters of credit Surety companies are willing to underwrite structured bond language Where are we going? With the shift in the ISO and surety landscape, surety bonds have emerged as an additional option for financial assurance As market participants/iso s, and surety companies become more informed on surety bonds and energy obligations respectively, we believe there will be a growing desire to utilize this instrument moving forward Today we plan to provide background on Surety Bonds and discuss the potential benefits they could afford market participants as well as PJM 2

4 Surety Bond Basics What is a Surety Bond? A written agreement where a surety guarantees the principal will live up to or perform a specific obligation with the obligee Surety bond language must be agreed upon by all three-parties, but can be structured in various ways Surety bonds are issued by surety companies, who are generally subsidiaries of insurance companies. A surety company must receive the approval from the U.S. Department of Treasury to issue bonds domestically Obligee How is a Surety Bond underwritten? Each surety bond is evaluated by the surety on an individual basis Surety s consider the principal s financial profile, the bond terms (type, tenor), the principal s bond portfolio risk profile, and the bond underlying obligations. This process allows the principal and surety to develop a better understanding with each other and surety to provide more competitive pricing than LCs Principal Surety Relevant Surety Bond Types 1 Contract Bonds are exclusively secured by firms guaranteeing a contract which guarantees that contract will be fulfilled Payment Bond is an agreement between the obligee, the principal, and the surety bond company underwriting the bond Performance Bonds guarantee that a contract will be completed per the specifications of the contract. It protects the obligee in case of principal defaults Surety bonds are a secure form of financial assurance, which are underwritten and priced based upon criteria of the Principal s financial health and underlying obligation 3 1 Other surety bond types exist, however, we have limited our focus to the relevant ones for ISO collateral

5 Surety Bond/LC Similarities and Differences Surety Bonds Letters of Credit (LC) Definitions Borrowing Capacity Duration Claims A legally binding contract that ensures obligations will be met between the principal, obligee, and the insurance company Bonds are usually issued on an unsecured basis, and do not diminish a company s borrowing capacity Surety bonds typically remain in force for the duration of the underlying contract they support and/or are determined by the terms and conditions of the bond The obligee must declare the principal in default by filing a claim with the surety The surety has the option to investigate the claim to ensure the terms and conditions of the bond were met, but must ensure to make the obligee whole within the timeframe set within the bond A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer s payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount The issuance of LCs diminish the borrowing capacity on the line of credit that a company has been extended An LC expiration date is specified within the LC language and is generally one year LCs may also contain evergreen or auto-renew clause which allow the LC to automatically renew for a specified amount of time The beneficiary must submit a draw certificate, per the LC language, to the bank. Depending on the size of the draw, the bank will then work to have the funds transferred to the beneficiary as soon as possible A surety bond and LC are comparable forms of financial assurance. Both are legally binding contracts that support an obligation for a specific timeframe 4

6 Exelon s View of the Pros and Cons Limited Market Cost Savings Non-Payment Risk Collateral Optionality Liquidity Increasing PJM Collateral Diversification Pros Since the 2008 financial crisis and agreement of Basel III, the cost of LCs have increased while surety premiums have remained stagnant 1 The more robust underwriting process an insurance company goes through allows them to more competitively price bonds Increasing collateral optionality enhances market participants ability to strategically manage their collateral portfolios to align with their needs The use of surety bonds frees up liquidity capacity and can be viewed as a credit enhancement Accepting surety bonds will mitigate PJM s concentration exposure to big banks by diversifying their collateral portfolio with Sureties Cons Risk: non-payment or delay in payment Mitigant: Structure bond language similar to LC s Risk: Limited market of insurance companies willing to underwrite ISO bonds Mitigant: Educating the sureties on low risk nature of the obligations The pros of using surety bonds as collateral to cover ISO obligations clearly outweigh the cons 5-1 Commercial Surety., 3 rd Edition. 2017, at pg. 29

7 Issue Charge Reminder Key Work Activities Provide background on Surety Bonds and discuss the potential benefits they could afford market participants as well as PJM Discuss benefits and risks associated with allowing surety bonds as a form of financial security in PJM If necessary, discuss associated changes to the PJM Credit Policy and other documentation Other Details Expected to be completed within 6 9 months Seeking Tier 1 Consensus 6

8 Appendix 7

9 NYISO & ERCOT Surety Bond Snippets NYISO Surety Bond Language (1) Payment Language ERCOT Surety Bond Language (1) Payment Language (2) Surety Requirement (2) Surety Requirement (3) Governance (3) Governance (4) Link to full Surety Bond Language erations/services/financial_services/credit/credit/ Credit/NYISO_Standard_Surety_Bond_final_FINAL.d oc (4) Link to full Surety Bond Language urety_bond.docx 8

10 Frequently Asked Questions Why are surety bonds cheaper than letters of credit? Surety bonds are cheaper than letters of credit (LCs) because of Basel III and a more robust underwriting process Since 2008 and the passing of Basel III (Third Basel Accord), banks now must realize LCs as a liability on their balance sheet, which affects their capital ratios for regulatory purposes Similar to LCs, Surety s take the principal s financial standing or creditworthiness into consideration. In contrast to LC s, each surety bond is reviewed on an individual basis, which requires due diligence from the surety company to understand the bond s underlying contract and any potential default scenarios. With this in consideration, the underwriters will assign a different level of risk for each bond reviewed Does the ISO s risk of non-payment or delay in payment increase with the use of surety bonds? The risk of non-payment or delay of payment ( payment risk ) is alleviated by structuring strong payment term language The level of payment risk associated with surety bonds is completely determined by the way that the surety bond language is structured and the understanding between the principal and surety. Within each surety bond there are various terms and conditions that all three parties must agree upon; one very important one being Payment Terms. The payment terms outline the time which the surety has from point of receiving a claim, to paying the obligee for that claim Why is this beneficial for market participants and PJM? Acceptance of surety bonds as collateral will bring market participants increased collateral optionality, cost efficiencies, and additional borrowing capacity. With the acceptance of these instruments, PJM will also find themselves with a more diversified collateral portfolio, limiting their concentration risk Is there a market of Sureties willing to underwrite these obligations? Yes, by educating the surety companies on the underlying obligation, it gives them a better understanding of the risk profile of these obligations for market participants (i.e. overview of ISO operations to understood why market participants view these obligations as high priority/low risk items) What regulations/laws apply to surety bonds? Surety bond s are subject to both federal and state laws and regulations. Federal laws and regulations are specified within the United States Code, Title 31, Chapter Similarly, LCs are primarily governed by rules put in place by the International Chamber of Commerce 9