TABLE OF CONTENTS 0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION... 4 What is this report about?... 4 Rationale... 4

Transcription

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION... 4 What is this report about?... 4 Rationale... 4 Several factors underpin the rationale for the production of this study... 4 There are several distribution channel options in addition to brokers... 4 Globally, trade credit insurers cover over EUR 2.2 trillion of commercial credit exposures... 4 The report provides a standardised analysis of important metrics across ten countries... 5 Methodology... 5 Research program... 5 Market data analysis... 5 Definitions... 6 Trade credit insurance... 6 Single risk and annual policies... 6 Export and domestic policies... 7 Political and business risks... 7 Premiums... 7 Abbreviations... 7 Exchange rate... 8 PartnerBASE... 8 Finaccord EUROPEAN OVERVIEW Introduction Market size and growth Value of premiums The value of premiums was just below EUR 4 billion across the ten European markets in Seven of the ten countries saw premiums grow in nominal terms between 2010 and Premiums as a percentage of GDP Austria and Spain have the most developed markets for trade credit insurance relative to GDP The market for factoring is outpacing that for trade credit insurance a majority of countries There is often a clear relationship between the relative market values of trade credit insurance and factoring Market segmentation Segmentation by annual turnover of insured company The proportion of the total market due to smaller customers has increased in five out of ten countries reaching a maximum value in Spain Segmentation between annual and single risk policies Single situation cover is most significant in Switzerland and least so in Poland and its value is likely to have increased by over 70% between 2013 and Segmentation between domestic and export trade credit insurance The relative importance of export trade credit insurance is rising in most countries and both segments record maximum values in Germany The value of export trade credit cover is quite strongly related to the importance of exports in each country Segmentation between business and political risk cover Acquiring cover for political risks is of most importance to clients in Germany and Switzerland and the value of cover bought is likely to be rising in seven of the ten countries investigated FINACCORD (12/2015) i

2 Segmentation between domestic and non-domestic underwriters In all but one country, a small proportion of the total market is placed with non-domestic underwriters with the highest value of such business deriving from France Distribution channels Segmentation between broker-intermediated and directly-underwritten business Brokers constitute the main distribution channel in all countries other than one and intermediated around EUR 2.36 billion in trade credit insurance premiums in Affinity schemes with major banks and trade associations Almost a third of major banks serving business customers are also distributors of trade credit insurance with a slightly higher rate of involvement visible among leading trade associations among which those in Italy are most likely to run an affinity scheme for this product Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares More than 20 different underwriting groups work on a regular basis with brokers in at least one country among which insurers belonging to Credendo are used most commonly behind the big three groups although there are over 40 competing groups in total, including many specialist underwriters Apart from the three market leaders, three insurers are used by brokers in six or more countries although a few are limited to operations in just one country Atradius, Coface and Euler Hermes together hold 70% or more of the market in eight of the ten nations albeit their combined market share appears to have fallen in recent years meaning that other competitors are likely to account for more than EUR 900 million in premiums Future outlook Across the ten countries combined, the market value is expected to reach EUR 4.22 billion by albeit it is likely to contract in both nominal and real terms in two countries AUSTRIA Introduction Economic situation Market size, growth and segmentation The value of Austria s trade credit insurance market has fluctuated in recent years with more of it attributable to smaller customers in 2015 than in and with acquisition of single risk cover having risen quite significantly in popularity Export trade credit insurance accounts for a large proportion of the total market driven by the fact that exports account for more than 40% of Austrian GDP The value of political risk cover acquired by Austrian customers has also been growing While the vast majority of business is dealt with by underwriters based in Austria itself and a narrow majority of it is intermediated by brokers Factoring as a complementary / substitute product The small factoring market doubled in value between 2010 and Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares Austrian brokers tend to utilise a very limited range of underwriters for trade credit insurance with Acredia clearly the market leader by a comfortable margin Distribution channels Among brokers, 3 Banken Versicherungsmakler and Aon are probable market leaders A number of banks intermediate trade credit cover but trade associations are not involved Future outlook Trade credit insurance premiums in Austria are likely to record a moderate rise up to BELGIUM Introduction Economic situation Key regulations Market size, growth and segmentation Progress in Belgium s trade credit insurance market has been uneven in recent years with the loss ratio having increased quite appreciably A significant proportion of the market is due to smaller clients with annual turnover below EUR 5 million FINACCORD (12/2015) ii

3 Single risk policies have grown slightly in importance in Belgium in recent years Export trade credit insurance accounts for a very substantial proportion of the total market which is logical given the importance of exports to Belgium s economy Cover bought for political risks accounts for an increasing proportion of the total market Underwriters based outside of Belgium account for a fairly significant proportion of the market as does directly-underwritten (as opposed to broker-intermediated) business Factoring as a complementary / substitute product The value of Belgium s factoring market has advanced at a consistent rate in recent years Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares Four underwriters are used regularly by all or the vast majority of brokers of trade credit insurance albeit competitors outside of the leading quartet account for between 12% and 18% of the total market Distribution channels Marsh Trade Insure and CRiON are likely to be the leading brokers of trade credit cover with significant merger and acquisition activity having occurred in recent times Several of Belgium s largest banks act as distributors of trade credit insurance as do a number of trade associations Future outlook The value of the Belgian trade credit insurance market is likely to contract in both nominal and real terms FRANCE Introduction Economic situation Key regulations Market size, growth and segmentation The French market for trade credit insurance has fallen back somewhat in value in recent years although its aggregate profitability hit a seven-year high in A growing proportion of the total market value is attributable to larger customers with the importance of single risk policies also having risen sharply Export trade credit insurance now makes up almost 40% of the overall market value although exports only account for just over 20% of French GDP Insurance bought to cover political risks has apparently been subject to a slight decline Management of state export guarantees is being transferred to Bpifrance The vast majority of business is dealt with by underwriters based in France itself and with a clear majority intermediated by brokers as opposed to being underwritten directly Factoring as a complementary / substitute product France s market for factoring expanded by almost 50% between 2010 and Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares No insurer is used by all brokers surveyed but three are by close to 90% of them The market share of Euler Hermes is likely to lie in a range from 44% to 52% Equinox Global is believed to be making some headway against the market-leading quintet Distribution channels AU (Assurance Universelle) is the leading broker of trade credit cover, probably followed by Aon A few of the largest French banks act as distributors of trade credit insurance as do a number of trade associations such as the Confédération Générale des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises Future outlook Modest growth is forecast for the French trade credit insurance market up to GERMANY Introduction Economic situation Key regulations Market size, growth and segmentation Germany's trade credit insurance market is the largest in Europe Corporate insolvencies have fallen in recent years The proportion of the total market value due to smaller companies has fallen since FINACCORD (12/2015) iii

4 while single risk policies are believed to have risen slightly in importance Export trade credit insurance accounts for an increasing proportion of the total market driven by the fact that exports account for more than 40% of German GDP Cover for political risks accounts for a growing proportion of the market for export trade credit cover The vast majority of business is underwritten by insurers based in Germany itself although the split between directly underwritten cover and broker-intermediated business is closer Factoring as a complementary / substitute product Germany's market for factoring has experienced robust growth in recent years Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares Five underwriters are utilised on a regular basis by more than 60% of brokers active in this arena with Euler Hermes the clear market leader ahead of Atradius and Coface Distribution channels The agents of SIGNAL IDUNA act as distributors of trade credit policies underwritten by R+V in a market in which there are many brokers with a significant presence in this arena among which Aon is the market leader with over 100 staff focused on trade credit cover Trade credit insurance is promoted by several of Germany s largest banks and also by a number of trade associations including the Bundesverband des Deutschen Groß- und Außenhandels Future outlook The value of export trade credit insurance is likely to rise albeit the overall market value will stagnate ITALY Introduction Economic situation Market size, growth and segmentation Italy's market for trade credit insurance has delivered little growth since with premiums related to new policies as a percentage of total premiums having fallen slightly An increasing proportion of the market is likely to be due to larger customers with cover bought to cover single risks having risen somewhat Demand for export trade credit insurance in Italy has apparently been increasing rapidly driven by the fact that exports account for more than 25% of Italian GDP and with cover bought for political risks likely to have become more important in this market A significant proportion of business is dealt with by underwriters based outside of Italy and most is underwritten directly by insurers (including business arriving via their agents) Factoring as a complementary / substitute product Growth trends in the factoring market have mirrored those in trade credit insurance Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares All brokers surveyed report making use of two underwriters of trade credit insurance and these are the ones that are dominant in the analysis of market shares SACE BT has implemented a more cautious underwriting policy in recent years Distribution channels Around one third of the total market value is distributed by brokers among which Aon is likely to be the market leader Several of Italy s largest banks act as distributors of trade credit insurance and cover is also quite widely sold by trade associations all of which work directly with underwriters (as opposed to using brokers) Future outlook The value of Italy s trade credit market will grow up to 2018, but at a fairly modest rate NETHERLANDS Introduction Economic situation Market size, growth and segmentation The Dutch trade credit insurance market has grown at a consistent rate in recent years The proportion of the total market value due to smaller companies has changed little since but single risk policies have risen somewhat in importance FINACCORD (12/2015) iv

5 Export trade credit insurance accounts for a clearly majority of the total market value driven by the fact that exports account for 80% of Dutch GDP Cover for political risks makes up a growing proportion of the market for export trade credit cover The vast majority of business is underwritten by insurers based in the Netherlands itself and over 80% of it is intermediated by brokers Factoring as a complementary / substitute product The Dutch factoring market expanded significantly between 2010 and Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares At least ten underwriters are active in the Dutch market for trade credit insurance with Atradius the clear market leader Euler Hermes has boosted its position by taking full control of Interpolis Kredietverzekeringen Distribution channels Aon and MEVAS are likely to be the leading brokers of trade credit cover in the Netherlands Just one major Dutch bank has a clear arrangement for distributing trade credit insurance albeit a number of trade associations are active in this field usually collaborating directly with underwriters (as opposed to working with brokers) Future outlook Modest growth is predicted for Dutch trade credit insurance premiums POLAND Introduction Economic situation Market size, growth and segmentation The value of the Polish trade credit insurance market has fluctuated in recent years The proportion of the total market value due to smaller companies has changed little since and single risk policies appear to have decreased slightly in importance The proportion of the total market value due to export trade credit insurance has moved up a little helped by the fact that exports account for an increasing proportion of Polish GDP The value of cover bought for business risks greatly outweighs that bought for political risks The vast majority of business is underwritten by insurers based in Poland itself although the split between directly-underwritten and broker-intermediated cover is closer Factoring as a complementary / substitute product Poland's market for factoring has experienced strong and consistent growth in recent years Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares Four underwriters are utilised on a regular basis by more than 75% of brokers researched with Euler Hermes the clear market leader Distribution channels Numerous brokers compete in the Polish market for trade credit insurance among which Aon, Marsh and RiskMan are likely sector leaders The role of banks and trade associations in distributing trade credit insurance is very limited Future outlook Several factors should bring about a rise in the value of trade credit insurance premiums by SPAIN Introduction Economic situation Key regulations Market size, growth and segmentation Although it has declined sharply in recent years, Spain s market for this type of cover remains large and there has been extreme volatility in the claims ratio The split of the market value by size of insured company has changed little since but single risk policies have grown quite significantly in importance as has export trade credit insurance with the latter having been boosted by a substantial rise in exports Within export trade credit insurance, the percentage of premiums due to political risk cover has fallen The Spanish government has announced that it will delay the sale of its majority stake in CESCE FINACCORD (12/2015) v

6 A significant proportion of Spanish trade credit risks are underwritten by insurers outside of Spain and close to 40% of the market value is underwritten directly by insurers Factoring as a complementary / substitute product The value of Spain s factoring market has retreated from a high point reached in Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares Crédito y Caución and Solunion are used by all brokers of trade credit insurance in Spain The leading four insurers control up to 90% of the total market value albeit smaller competitors appear to have been eroding this figure Distribution channels CESCE, Coface and Solunion obtain less of their business via brokers than Crédito y Caución Among brokers, Aon, Marsh and Willis have the largest teams dedicated to trade credit insurance Several of Spain s largest banks act as distributors of trade credit insurance A handful of trade associations are active in the intermediation of trade credit insurance in Spain with several brokers holding relationships in this arena and with CESCE the most frequently named underwriter Future outlook The decline in the Spanish trade credit insurance market is expected to reverse from 2016 onwards as a result of a number of factors SWITZERLAND Introduction Economic situation Market size, growth and segmentation The value of the Swiss trade credit insurance market is likely to have peaked in which is when corporate insolvencies in the country also reached their highest level Larger companies buying trade credit cover account for a rising proportion of the total market and the importance of single risk policies has increased significantly in recent years as has export (as opposed to domestic) trade credit insurance Exports account for a very substantial proportion of total Swiss GDP Insurance acquired to cover political risks grew in importance between 2013 and Swiss law dictates that all business can be classified as being handled by domestic underwriters and a majority of it is intermediated by brokers (as opposed to being underwritten directly) Factoring as a complementary / substitute product The trend in the factoring market has been more or less exactly opposite to that for trade credit insurance Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares Six underwriters are utilised on a regular basis by 50% or more of brokers active in this arena and five of these are likely to claim a market share of at least 10% Distribution channels With one exception, Swiss banks are not involved in the intermediation of trade credit insurance Future outlook A modest rise is predicted for the value of the trade credit insurance market through to UK Introduction Economic situation Key regulations Market size, growth and segmentation In real terms, the value of the UK market for trade credit insurance slipped back between 2010 and with the number of corporate insolvencies also having declined The value of cover sold to smaller customers may have increased between 2013 and although there has been little apparent change in the weight of single risk policies within the total market Demand for export trade credit insurance seems to have tapered off partly as a consequence of a decline in underlying exports in The proportion of the export trade credit insurance market due to political risk cover has remained stable The overwhelming majority of business is dealt with by underwriters based in the UK itself and brokers dominate distribution albeit direct sales are not insignificant FINACCORD (12/2015) vi

7 Factoring as a complementary / substitute product The value of the UK factoring market expanded by over 50% between 2010 and Underwriter utilisation by brokers and market shares On average, brokers of trade credit cover work on a regular basis within between six and seven insurers and seven underwriters are utilised in this manner by more than 60% of brokers surveyed Although not especially large, the UK market for trade credit insurance is comparatively fragmented Distribution channels Numerous brokers compete in the UK trade credit insurance market including more than a dozen that are entirely or mainly focused on this field Among banks, only HSBC has a clearly articulated distribution agreement for trade credit insurance although many trade associations offer it utilising a variety of operating models for this purpose Future outlook A number of factors threaten to limit growth in the market value through to FINACCORD (12/2015) vii

8 LIST OF GRAPHICS / TABLES 0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 Germany is Europe s largest market for trade credit insurance but is the only one to both decline in value from 2010 to 2014 and to be predicted to reduce further in value up to The overall market value is stagnant but demand for single risk and export trade credit cover is likely to be growing strongly, as is demand for political risk cover within export trade credit insurance... 2 Underwriters of trade credit cover other than the leading three international insurers are likely to account for a rising share of the market, estimated at 23% across the ten European countries in INTRODUCTION... 4 Major banks and trade associations covered by the research, segmented by country, EUROPEAN OVERVIEW Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance across ten European markets, 2010 to Nominal and real compound annual growth in gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe segmented by country, 2010 to Relative size of estimated gross written premiums for trade credit insurance, segmented by country, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe segmented by country, 2010 to 2014 (table) Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance as % of GDP in Europe segmented by country, Total factoring market value in Europe segmented by country, 2010 to 2014 (table) Correlation between gross written premiums for trade credit insurance as % of GDP and the value of the factoring market as % GDP in Europe segmented by country, Percentage split of gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented by annual turnover of insured company and by country, 2013 and Percentage split of gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented by annual turnover of insured company and by country, 2013 and 2015 (table) Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented by annual turnover of insured company and by country, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented by annual turnover of insured company and by country, 2015 (table) annual and single risk policies and by country, 2013 and annual and single risk policies and by country, 2013 and 2015 (table) Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between annual and single risk policies and by country, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between annual and single risk policies and by country, 2015 (table) domestic and export cover and by country, 2013 and domestic and export cover and by country, 2013 and 2015 (table) (table) Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between domestic and export cover and by country, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between domestic and export cover and by country, 2015 (table) Comparison of export trade credit insurance as percentage of total trade credit insurance and exports as percentage of GDP in Europe segmented by country, FINACCORD (12/2015) viii

9 Percentage split of gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between business and political risk cover and by country, 2013 and Percentage split of gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between business and political risk cover and by country, 2013 and 2015 (table) Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between business and political risk cover and by country, Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between business and political risk cover and by country, 2015 (table) (table) domestic and non-domestic underwriters and by country, domestic and non-domestic underwriters and by country, 2015 (table) Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters and by country, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters and by country, 2015 (table) business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly and by country, business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly and by country, 2015 (table) Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly and by country, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly and by country, 2015 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in Europe: provision rates segmented by country, Major trade associations promoting trade credit insurance in Europe: provision rates segmented by country, Frequency of regular usage of top 20 trade credit insurance underwriters by brokers across all ten European countries, Frequency of regular usage of top 20 trade credit insurance underwriters by brokers in Europe segmented by country, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of the leading three international trade credit insurance underwriters in Europe, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of the leading three international trade credit insurance underwriters in Europe, 2014 (table) Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe segmented by country, Forecast nominal and real compound annual growth in gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe segmented by country, 2014 to Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Europe segmented by country, 2018 (table) AUSTRIA Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Austria, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Austria, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Austria segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Austria, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of Austrian exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Austria, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Austria, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, FINACCORD (12/2015) ix

10 Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Austria, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in Austria, 2010 to Austria, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Austria, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Austria, Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in Austria: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Austria, BELGIUM Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Belgium, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Belgium, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Belgium, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Belgium, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of Belgian exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Belgium, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Belgium, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Belgium, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in Belgium, 2010 to Belgium Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Belgium, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Belgium, 2015 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in Belgium: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in Belgium: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Belgium, FRANCE Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in France, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in France, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in France, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in France, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of French exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in France, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in France, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in France, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, FINACCORD (12/2015) x

11 Total factoring market value in France, 2010 to France, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in France, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in France, 2014 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in France: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in France: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in France, GERMANY Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Germany, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Germany, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Germany, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Germany, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of German exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Germany, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Germany, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Germany, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in Germany, 2010 to Germany, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Germany, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Germany, 2014 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in Germany: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in Germany: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Germany, ITALY Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Italy, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Italy, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Italy, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Italy, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of Italian exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Italy, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Italy, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Italy, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, FINACCORD (12/2015) xi

12 Total factoring market value in Italy, 2010 to Italy, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Italy, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Italy, 2014 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in Italy: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in Italy: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Italy, NETHERLANDS Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of Dutch exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, segmented between domestic and non-domestic underwriters, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in the Netherlands, 2010 to the Netherlands, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in the Netherlands, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in the Netherlands, 2014 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in the Netherlands: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in the Netherlands: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the Netherlands, POLAND Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Poland, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Poland, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Poland, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Poland segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of Polish exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Poland, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Poland, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, FINACCORD (12/2015) xii

13 Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Poland, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in Poland, 2010 to Poland, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Poland, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Poland, 2014 (table) Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in Poland: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Poland, SPAIN Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Spain, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Spain, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Spain, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Spain, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of Spanish exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Spain, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Spain, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Spain, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in Spain, 2010 to Spain, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Spain, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Spain, Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in Spain: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in Spain: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Spain, SWITZERLAND Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Switzerland, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Switzerland, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Switzerland, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Switzerland, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of Swiss exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in Switzerland, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Switzerland, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, FINACCORD (12/2015) xiii

14 Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Switzerland, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in Switzerland, 2010 to Switzerland, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Switzerland, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in Switzerland, 2014 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in Switzerland: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in Switzerland: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in Switzerland, UK Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the UK, 2010 to Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the UK, segmented by annual turnover of insured company, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the UK, segmented between annual and single risk policies, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the UK, segmented by domestic and export cover, 2013 and Value of UK exports inside and outside the EU and corresponding percentages of GDP, 2010 to Gross written premiums for export trade credit insurance in the UK, segmented between business and political risk, 2013 and Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the UK, segmented between domestic and nondomestic underwriters, Gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the UK, segmented between business intermediated by brokers and business underwritten directly, Total factoring market value in the UK, 2010 to the UK, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in the UK, Estimated market shares of gross written premiums of trade credit insurance underwriters in the UK, 2014 (table) Major banks promoting trade credit insurance in the UK: operating models and partnerships, Major trade associations offering trade credit insurance in the UK: operating models and partnerships, Forecast gross written premiums for trade credit insurance in the UK, FINACCORD (12/2015) xiv