Fixed Income August 2018 TIME: 6:08

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1 Fixed Income August 2018 TIME: 6:08 INVESTMENT PRODUCTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED, NOT A BANK GUARANTEE, AND MAY LOSE VALUE. Please read other important information, which can be found on the link at the end of the podcast episode. [Transcript] Mr. Goldberg: Hey, Tom, it's great to have you back on Markets Monthly, as always. Mr. Kennedy: Thanks for having me, Andy. Mr. Goldberg: What was your take on the first half of the year? Mr. Kennedy: When we walked into 2018, we lamented that late-cycle investing was upon us. So we had a mantra of proceed with caution. To a fixed income guy, that means we thought interest rates would rise and that credit spreads were a little too tight. And really for the most part, that's been a sensible approach. The majority of fixed income asset classes have had negative total returns here to date. While we had that broad level right, when you look at the past six months a few things did surprise us. Rates rose a little bit faster than we expected, and a little bit higher. That's because robust growth in the U.S. and also that tax reform was having implications on the outlook. And second is EM. There's been a notable underperformance of EM this year. I think those two things are actually quite related: A higher risk-free rate in the U.S. is making it more challenging for credits globally. There's more competition for investable capital. Mr. Goldberg: It's drawing money from abroad. Mr. Kennedy: Absolutely. Mr. Goldberg: OK, but, Tom, how do you talk about the first six months without talking about the trade tensions that we're seeing? I mean those have escalated beyond what I think we certainly expected, no? Mr. Kennedy: Without question. I'm really packaging trade tensions as a broader subset of uncertainty that seemingly for the first time in years we really have to concern ourselves with as investors. And that's trade tensions, deficit spending in the U.S., and political unity in Europe. Mr. Goldberg: As a fixed income investor, how are you supposed to approach investing, given all those different things swirling around? You don't have that crystal ball, so what do you do?

2 Mr. Kennedy: I think you have to try to identify areas where you do have conviction. Where you have reasonable probabilities that - that these things will come to fruition. And the first one is that we have to acknowledge politics matter and they're unlikely to move to the background in the near term. So you're likely to command some sort of discount on risk and pay a premium for, for safety. The second one is, despite this uncertainty, we really do think the Fed is going to continue to hike rates. When you look at the broader macro landscape, unemployment rate at 4%, inflation around man-day consistent levels and expected to rise, and financial conditions, what the Fed is telling us, as quite easy, they really don't have a choice. So we do think the Fed is going to continue this quarterly hiking trajectory. Mr. Goldberg: Now, I know rising rates are generally bad for the value of bonds, so are there any key takeaways for investors when you think about the Fed still on this steady rate hike path? Mr. Kennedy: I think we have to acknowledge that there are some consequences to a Fed that has, in their mind, a durable hiking cycle. Mr. Goldberg: Sure. Mr. Kennedy: And one will be around the shape of the curve, which, as we know, historically has been a very good indicator of where you are in the economic cycle. We're expecting the spread between 2-year Treasuries and 10-year Treasuries to be flat by this time next year. And then if we piece those historical relationships together, that would equate to a recession sometime in 2020, So for the first time in apparently a decade, we have to brush off that late-cycle playbook. Mr. Goldberg: So just to be clear for our audience here, call it a year between now and the time that you think the yield curve could invert, and another 12 to 18 months at least based on history between the time that yield curve inverts and the recession and the onset of the recession. Uh, equity markets tend to price that in, in advance... Mr. Kennedy: Yeah. Mr. Goldberg: I know fixed income markets already, and futures markets getting there, is that right? Mr. Kennedy: That's exactly right. Mr. Goldberg: Given its late cycle, given that the Fed is raising rates and everything that we discussed, where do you see value if at all in the fixed income market for the balance of 2018 and into 2019? Mr. Kennedy: I think there's actually a lot of value in fixed income in this late-cycle period. Right now, we're trying to change the narrative, not that we're in a rising-rate environment, but for the most part in the long end of the curve, rates largely have risen... 2 The J.P. Morgan Eye on the Market Podcast (Transcript)

3 Mr. Goldberg: You think that's in the rearview mirror for the most part. Mr. Kennedy: Absolutely. Nonetheless though, credit risk is still with us. So we've heard the old adage- it's a stock-pickers market. I think it's a credit-pickers market now, too, so that's a nod to active management late cycle. So you want to be selective. So where do we want to be selective? We think there's value in municipals. We think there's value in the preferred space. And really interestingly, underneath the surface in investment grade credit, spreads are normalizing there too, so we do see value in late cycle in those three segments. Mr. Goldberg: So, Tom, we've covered a lot of ground there. Let me just try and wrap that up and see if I've got it right, a couple of key takeaways that I had. First, politics are going to continue to matter... Mr. Kennedy: Yep. Mr. Goldberg: I think what that ultimately means for a fixed income investor is you've got to be willing to pay a little bit of a premium for the safer-haven assets, um, and only a discount for some of the stuff further out on the risk spectrum. Secondly, it sounds like the Fed's going to be on a durable, uh, rate hike path, and as a result, that means you've got to be really selective where you are in the curve. Am I missing anything? Mr. Kennedy: I think the last one is to acknowledge that with a durable Fed hiking cycle, there's a new player in town that is going to challenge uh, where investable capital gets allocated. So for the first time in really a decade, you can allocate capital on the front of the U.S. curve and get a positive real return. So that's going to be a new player and challenge credits globally. Mr. Goldberg: Well thank you so much, Tom. Folks, you heard it from Tom Kennedy, our Fixed Income Strategist. Tom, I can't thank you enough for doing it. We'll touch back after the next six months. Mr. Kennedy: Thanks for having me, Andy, appreciate it. Mr. Goldberg: You bet. IMPORTANT INFORMATION Purpose of This Material: This material is for information purposes only. The views, opinions, estimates and strategies expressed herein constitutes Michael Cembalest s judgment based on current market conditions and are subject to change without notice, and may differ from those expressed by other areas of J.P. Morgan. This information in no way constitute J.P. Morgan Research and should not be treated as such. Non-Reliance: We believe the information contained in this material to be reliable and have sought to take reasonable care in its preparation; however, we do not represent or warrant its accuracy, reliability or completeness, or accept any liability for any loss or damage (whether direct or indirect) arising out of the use of all or any part of this material. We do not make any representation or warranty with regard to any computations, graphs, tables, diagrams or commentary in this material which are 3 The J.P. Morgan Eye on the Market Podcast (Transcript)

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Politics October 2018 TIME: 5:12

Politics October 2018 TIME: 5:12 INVESTMENT PRODUCTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED, NOT A BANK GUARANTEE, AND MAY LOSE VALUE. Please read other important information, which can be found on the link at the end of