Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2
|
|
- Arron Farmer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 Statistics Explained Data from May 2018 Planned article update: October 2019 This article presents an overview of statistics for the European Union s (EU) administrative and support services, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Section N. Administrative and support services comprise a variety of activities that support business operations; they can be distinguished from professional, scientific and technical services (Section M) in that their primary purpose is not the transfer of specialised knowledge. It belongs to a set of statistical articles on Business economy by sector. Structural profile In 2015 there were 1.47 million enterprises active within the administrative and support services sector (Section N) in the EU-28 ; this was equivalent to 6.2 % of the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) enterprise population. Many administrative and support services are labour-intensive activities and often the staff employed in these activities work on a part-time basis, for example, in cleaning activities (part of services to buildings and landscape activities), security and investigation activities, or employment activities. EU-28 employment for the administrative and support services sector reached 14.7 million in 2015, a 10.7 % share of the non-financial business economy workforce; in value added terms the administrative and support services sector contributed EUR 527 billion, some 7.5 % of the non-financial business economy total. Source : Statistics Explained ( - 28/08/2018 1
2 Table 1: Key indicators, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) Average personnel costs for the EU-28 s administrative and support services sector in 2015 were equal to EUR 24.7 thousand per employee, which was below the non-financial business economy average (EUR 34.5 thousand per employee). This was the second lowest level of average personnel costs among the non-financial business economy NACE sections, higher only than for the accommodation and food sector (Section I). Both of these sectors are traditionally characterised as employing a high proportion of part-time employees, which has a downward influence on average personnel costs (which are measured in terms of a head count). The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio is based on the relation between value added and personnel costs and is expressed as a percentage and not a per head value, and so is not directly influenced by the incidence of part-time employment. For the administrative and support services sector the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio was % in the EU-28 in 2015, which was only just above the non-financial business economy average (148.0 %). The gross operating rate (the relation between the gross operating surplus and turnover stood at 18.4 % for the EU-28 s administrative and support services sector in 2015, well above the non-financial business economy average (10.7%). Sectoral analysis Figure 1 shows the varied contributions, depending upon whether value added or employment is chosen, of the various subsectors to the administrative and support services sectorial total. Employment services (Division 78) and services to buildings and landscape activities (Division 81) accounted for the highest shares of sectorial employment and value added, although their contribution to value added was considerably lower. The security and investigation activities (Division 80) subsector was also characterised as having a higher share of sectorial employment than value added. By contrast, the capital-intensive rental and leasing activities subsector (Division 77) had a much higher value added share (20.1 %) than its employment share (4.8 %), indicating a very high apparent labour productivity ratio. The same was true although to a much lesser degree for the two remaining subsectors: the office administrative, office support and other business support activities subsector (Division 82) and the travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities subsector (Division 79). Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 2
3 Figure 1: Sectoral analysis of administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, 2015(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) In 2015, apparent labour productivity was below the non-financial business economy average for four subsectors (except rental and leasing activities and travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities); and average personnel costs were below the non-financial business economy average for four of the subsectors (except rental and leasing activities). As such, the EU-28 s rental and leasing subsector was the main exception, as each person employed in this subsector generated an average of EUR thousand of value added in 2015, while the average personnel costs were EUR 37.3 thousand per employee, only slightly above the non-financial business economy average (EUR 34.5 thousand per employee). This high level of apparent labour productivity for the rental and leasing subsector reflects the nature of the activity which often involves purchasing capital assets and generating operating income from these assets. The rental and leasing subsector typically has very low operating expenditure while the levels of depreciation, financial charges or extraordinary expenditure may be high none of these charges are taken into account in the calculation of value added. The elevated apparent labour productivity and relatively subdued average personnel costs translated into a very high wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the EU-28 s rental and leasing subsector, namely %. At the NACE division level, this was the second highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio across the whole of the non-financial business economy, lower only than the extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas (Division 06). Among the five remaining administrative and support services subsectors the only other activity to record a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio in the EU-28 that was above the non-financial business economy average (148.0 %) in 2015 was that of travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities (210.0 %). The four subsectors with lower than average wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios posted values that ranged from % for security and investigation activities to % for office administrative, office support and other business support activities. Table 2a: Sectoral analysis of key indicators, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 3
4 Table 2b: Sectoral analysis of key indicators, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) As well as its very high levels of productivity, the EU-28 s rental and leasing subsector also had a very high gross operating rate. Indeed, the rental and leasing activities subsector recorded the third highest gross operating rate (42.0 % in 2015) among all of the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy, just behind renting and operating and operating of own or leased real estate (Division 682) and real estate activities (Division 68). The gross operating rate for the rental and leasing subsector was almost 4 times as high as the average for the whole of the non-financial business economy (10.7%). Gross operating rates in two subsectors that constitute the administrative and support services sector were much lower but recorded gross operating rates that were above the non-financial business economy average. Country analysis The United Kingdom was relatively specialised in the administrative and support service activities sector in 2015, as were Belgium, Luxembourg and Malta.In the Netherlands, the administrative and support service activities sector provided employment to 17.7 % of the non-financial business economy workforce, which was 1.6 times the EU-28 average. In value added terms, the United Kingdom was the most specialised EU Member State, as 10.7 % of its non-financial business economy value added was generated in the administrative and support service activities sector (1.4 times the EU-28 average). Figure 2: Relative importance of administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), 2015(% share of value added and employment in the non-financial business economy total) - Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 4
5 By contrast, the relative weight of the administrative and support service activities sector in 2015 was less than half the EU-28 average (in value added terms) in Croatia, Cyprus and Slovenia. Croatia recorded the lowest share, with 2.9 % of its non-financial business economy value added generated in the administrative and support service activities sector (compared with an EU-28 average of 7.5 %). Cyprus had the lowest share in employment terms, as the administrative and support service activities sector provided work to 4.8 % of its non-financial business economy workforce (compared with an EU-28 average of 10.7 %). The relative importance of the administrative and support service activities sector was also lower than the EU-28 average in the non-member countries. This sector accounted for 4.3 % of the value added and 8.3 % of the workforce within the Norwegian non-financial business economy; and 4.8 % of the value added and 8.9 % of the workforce in Switzerland, some 3.2 and 2.4 percentage points lower for Norway and 2.7 and 1.8 percentage points lower for Switzerland than the EU-28 average. Within the administrative and support service activities sector, value added and employment were relatively concentrated in geographical terms: the five largest EU Member States generated 76.0 % of EU-28 added value while their share in the administrative and support services workforce was 69.0 %. Figure 3: Concentration of value added and employment, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), 2015(cumulative share of the five principal Member States as a % of the EU-28 total) - Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) As a result of its high specialisation in value added terms, the United Kingdom had the largest administrative and support services sector among the EU Member States, generating EUR billion of added value (some 28.5 % of the EU-28 total), ahead of Germany (EUR billion). By contrast, Germany had the largest workforce, 3.3 million persons, equivalent to 22.4 % of the EU-28 total, while there were 2.5 million persons employed in the administrative and support services sector in the United Kingdom. Among the six subsectors which form administrative and support services (at the NACE division level), the United Kingdom generated the highest level of value added for five of them with shares ranging from 1.4 % to 8.7 % of the EU-28 s value added. The only subsector not dominated by the United Kingdom was the services to buildings and landscape activities subsector for which Germany accounted for 4.6 % of the EU-28 s value added. Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 5
6 Table 3: Largest and most specialised Member States in administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) The United Kingdom featured also among the most specialised EU Member States (in terms of value added) for one of the six subsectors which form administrative and support services, namely for the office administrative, office support and other business support activities subsector; it accounted, respectively, for 2.7 % of the value added in the UK s non-financial business economy. Several Member States were particularly strongly specialised in just one of the subsectors, the most notable examples being: Ireland for rental and leasing activities; Malta for travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities; Romania for security and investigation activities; and Finland for the services to buildings and landscape activities subsector. Table 4a: Key indicators, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 6
7 Table 4b: Key indicators, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), Source: Eurostat (sbsna1aser2) Portugal (95.9 %), Sweden (96.0 %) and Slovenia (105.8 %%) recorded the lowest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios among the EU Member States for administrative and support services sector with ratios close to parity (100 %). In the majority of the Member States, the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio was below the average for the non-financial business economy (148.0 %); the only exceptions to this pattern were recorded in Ireland (336.0 %), Luxembourg (206.5 %), the United Kingdom (195.0 %), Malta (179.5 %), the Netherlands (153.2 %) and Lithuania (148.8 %). Size class analysis The 6.6 thousand large enterprises (employing 250 or more persons) that were active within the EU-28 s administrative and support service activities sector in 2015 employed more than half of the sectorial workforce (51.3 %), and accounted for more than one third (37.9 %) of sectorial added value. As such, large enterprises within the administrative and support service activities sector recorded the third highest share of employment within large enterprises across all of the NACE sections that constitute the non-financial business economy. Table 5: Key size class indicators, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, Source: Eurostat (sbssc1bser2) The contributions made by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises to the EU-28 s administrative and support service activities workforce were similar: small enterprises (employing 10 to 49 persons) accounted for 13.5 % of the sectorial workforce in 2015, a share that rose through 16.8 % of the total for micro enterprises (employing less than 10 persons) to 18.4 % for medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons). Each of the three enterprise size classes that compose the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, employing fewer than 250 persons) aggregate reported a higher share of sectorial value added than sectorial employment, indicating they had higher apparent labour productivity ratios than large enterprises; this was particularly the case for micro and medium-sized enterprises. Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 7
8 Figure 4: Relative importance of enterprise size classes, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, 2015(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbssc1bser2) Within the six subsectors that compose the administrative and support service activities sector, large enterprises in the EU-28 accounted for a majority of the workforce within the employment activities subsector (68.0 %) and the security and investigation activities subsector (59.4 %). By contrast, large enterprises employed more than a quarter (28.3 %) of the workforce within the the rental and leasing activities subsector. Figure 5: Sectoral analysis of employment by enterprise size class, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, 2015(% share of sectoral employment) - Source: Eurostat (sbssc1bser2) In value added terms, large enterprises in the EU-28 accounted for around 60.0 % of value added in the employment activities subsector and in the security and investigation activities subsector. The share of large enterprises in value added fell to a low of 29.9 % for the rental and leasing activities subsector. Small and medium-sized enterprises generated a higher proportion of value added for rental and leasing activities (70.5 %), service to buildings and landscape activities (56.6 %) and for office administrative, office support and other business support activities (69.9 %). Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 8
9 Figure 6: Sectoral analysis of value added by enterprise size class, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28, 2015(% share of sectoral value added) - Source: Eurostat (sbssc1bser2) The relative importance of large enterprises in terms of their contribution to the workforce within the administrative and support service activities sector was highest in Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, where upwards of 55 % of the workforce was engaged by large enterprises, peaking at 60.8 % in Belgium. By contrast, small and medium-sized enterprises accounted for the majority of the value added that was generated in the administrative and support service activities sector in each of the EU Member States for which data are available for 2015, with three exceptions: Spain (46.1 %), Belgium (46.6 %) and the Netherlands (48.9 %). Their highest share was registered in Ireland (88.3 %). Table 6a: Number of persons employed by enterprise size class, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), Source: Eurostat (sbssc1bser2) Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 9
10 Table 6b: Value added by enterprise size class, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), Source: Eurostat (sbssc1bser2) Regional analysis The Île de France (which includes the French capital city of Paris) recorded the highest number of persons employed, across NUTS level 2 regions within the EU-28, for the administrative and support service activities sector in With a workforce of thousand persons, the Île de France accounted for 5.9 % of the total number of persons employed in the EU-28 in this sector, which was almost three times as high as the second largest regional employer, namely, the capital region of Spain (Madrid) (337.9 thousand persons). Figure 7: Ten largest NUTS 2 regions in terms of employment, administrative and support service activities (NACE Section N), EU-28 and Norway, 2015(thousands) - Source: Eurostat (sbsrnuts06r2) The ranking of the largest regions suggests that employment within the EU-28 s administrative and support service activities sector was largely concentrated in urban regions particularly those containing large cities. Aside from Paris, the capital city regions containing Madrid, London, Lisbon, Amsterdam, Rome and Berlin all featured among the top 20 regions for employment within the administrative and support service activities sector. There were a number of other large cities within the ranking, as the regions containing Marseille (in France), Frankfurt, Dortmund, Dusseldorf, Cologne, Munich and Stuttgart (in Germany), Barcelona and Seville (in Spain), Milan (in Italy), Eindhoven and Rotterdam (in the Netherlands) were also present among the top 20. The relative importance of the administrative and support service activities sector can be analysed by comparing the employment of this sector with the non-financial business economy workforce. Among the 206 NUTS level 2 regions for which data are available in 2015, the median share of the administrative and support service activities sector in the non-financial business economy workforce was 8.6 %. Using this measure, the Portuguese region of Lisbon recorded the highest share of employment for the administrative and support service activities sector within its non-financial business economy workforce, at 22.2 %. Despite such a high share, the administrative Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 10
11 and support service activities sector was not the leading employer, as the distributive trades sector (Section G) accounted for 22.3 % employed in the non-financial business economy workforce of Lisbon. Indeed, across all of the NUTS level 2 regions in the EU-28 (for which data are available), the administrative and support service activities sector was never the largest employer, based on an analysis of NACE sections within the non-financial business economy. Aside from the region of Lisbon, the administrative and support service activities sector accounted for a relatively high share of the non-financial business economy workforce in several other regions in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and France. The administrative and support service activities sector accounted for a share between 15.0 % and 20.6 % of the non-financial business economy workforce in Groningen, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland (capital region of the Netherlands), Limburg, Flevoland, Zuid-Holland, Overijssel, Gelderland and Friesland (all in the Netherlands); as well as in Inner London, Outer London, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire, West Yorkshire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, Cheshire and Southwestern Scotland (in the United Kingdom); and the French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d Azur (that includes Marseille), the Île de France and Lorraine; and in the Brussels and Antwerp regions (in Belgium). Data sources Coverage Administrative and support services (Section N) include the following six NACE divisions: rental and leasing of motor vehicles, personal and household goods, machinery and equipment, and intellectual property (Division 77); employment activities including recruitment and personnel selection services, as well as job placement services (Division 78); travel agency, tour operator, reservation services and related activities (Division 79); security and investigation activities, including the transportation of valuables (Division 80); services to buildings and landscape activities including combined facilities support and cleaning services (Division 81); office administrative, office support and other business support activities, including call centres and the organisation of trade shows (Division 82). The administrative and support services sector does not include financial leasing which is considered as a financial service. Renting of real estate is also excluded as is the renting of equipment with operator which is included as appropriate in the construction sector (Section F) or the transportation and storage sector (Section H). Employment activities do not include agents of individual artists which are considered to be part of a professional activity (Section M) as is the provision of security consultancy and landscape design (rather than landscaping itself). Security services do not include public order and safety activities (for example, by the police). Cleaning services do not include car washing which is part of motor trades within the activity of distributive trades (Section G). Data sources The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS), size class data and regional data, all of which are published annually. The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables. In structural business statistics, size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed. A limited set of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example, the number of enterprises, turnover, persons employed and value added) are analysed by size class, mostly down to the three-digit (group) level of NACE. The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are: small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): with 1 to 249 persons employed, further divided into; micro enterprises: with less than 10 persons employed; Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 11
12 small enterprises: with 10 to 49 persons employed; medium-sized enterprises: with 50 to 249 persons employed; large enterprises: with 250 or more persons employed. Regional SBS data are available at NUTS levels 1 and 2 for the EU Member States and Norway, mostly down to the two-digit (division) level of NACE. Regional data for Croatia was not available for The main variable analysed in this article is the number of persons employed. The type of statistical unit used for regional SBS data is normally the local unit, which is an enterprise or part of an enterprise situated in a geographically identified place. Local units are classified into sectors (by NACE) normally according to their own main activity, but in some EU Member States the activity code is assigned on the basis of the principal activity of the enterprise to which the local unit belongs. The main SBS data series are presented at national level only, and for this national data the statistical unit is the enterprise. It is possible for the principal activity of a local unit to differ from that of the enterprise to which it belongs. Hence, national SBS data from the main series are not necessarily directly comparable with national aggregates compiled from regional SBS. Context The freedom to provide services and the freedom of establishment are central principles to the internal market for services. They guarantee EU enterprises the freedom to establish themselves in other Member States, and the freedom to provide services on the territory of another EU Member State. The Directive on services in the internal market (COM(2006) 123) aims to achieve a genuine internal market in services, removing legal and administrative barriers to the development of services activities between Member States. As well as covering most administrative and support service activities (with the notable exception of services of temporary work agencies and private security services), the Directive applies to a wide variety of services including many industrial and construction activities, as well as distributive trades, accommodation and food services, real estate, and professional, scientific and technical services. Rental and leasing services are provided to households and to business clients. The use of renting or operating leasing can increase financial flexibility, reducing the need to commit own capital, whether for machinery, equipment or appliances. Personnel services may be supplied to persons looking for work or to an enterprise trying to hire. Security and investigation activities as well as services to buildings and landscape activities are mainly business services, although there is also a market for these services among households. Travel agencies are enterprises that are engaged in arranging transport, accommodation and catering on behalf of travellers. Travel agents act as retailers selling travel services or packaged trips to the customer. Traditionally, tour operators acted as wholesalers to travel agents but they have moved more recently towards selling directly to customers. Tourist guides and tourist information services play a supporting role, offering information and services usually at the tourism destination. According to Eurostat s information society statistics, almost one quarter (24 %) of all individuals (aged 16 to 74) booked travel and/or holiday accommodation over the internet in 2012; this may be directly with travel and accommodation providers, or with intermediaries. Other articles Structural business statistics introduced More detailed analysis of administrative and support service activities: Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev. 2 sector Office administrative, office support and other business support activities Rental and leasing activities Services to buildings and landscape activities Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 12
13 Tables Structural business statistics (tsbs) Database Structural business statistics (sbs), see: SBS services (serv) Annual detailed enterprise statistics - services (sbsnaserv) Annual detailed enterprise statistics for services (NACE Rev. 2 H-N and S95) (sbsna1aser2) SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size classes - services (sbsscsc) Services by employment size classes (NACE Rev. 2 H-N and S95) (sbssc1bser2) SBS - regional data - all activities (sbsr) SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbsrnuts06r2) Dedicated section Structural business statistics Publications Business economy by sector - NACE Rev. 2 (online publication) Legislation Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012 Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics External links European Commission Internal market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, see: Tourism Single market for services European Commission Consumers, see: Package travel Administrative and support service statistics - NACE Rev. 2 13
Tourism industries - employment
Tourism industries - employment Statistics Explained Tourism industries prove resilient to the economic crisis and provide jobs for women and young people Data extracted in November 2015. Most recent data:
More informationR & D expenditure. Statistics Explained. Main statistical findings
R & D expenditure Statistics Explained Data extracted in March 2018. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database. Planned article update: May 2019. This article presents data
More informationNon-financial corporations - statistics on profits and investment
Non-financial corporations - statistics on profits and investment Statistics Explained Data extracted in May 2018. Planned article update: May 2019. This article focuses on investment and the distribution
More informationCANADA EUROPEAN UNION
THE EUROPEAN UNION S PROFILE Economic Indicators Gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP): US$20.3 trillion (2016) GDP per capita at PPP: US$39,600 (2016) Population: 511.5 million
More informationAccommodation and food services
Accommodation and food services 20 Accommodation and food services This chapter covers activities that make up a significant part of the tourism supply, although also serving local clients, namely hotels
More information3 Labour Costs. Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Indicator 3.1a
3 Labour Costs Indicator 3.1a Indicator 3.1b Indicator 3.1c Indicator 3.2a Indicator 3.2b Indicator 3.3 Indicator 3.4 Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Cost of Employing Labour
More informationBorderline cases for salary, social contribution and tax
Version Abstract 1 (5) 2015-04-21 Veronica Andersson Salary and labour cost statistics Borderline cases for salary, social contribution and tax (Workshop on Labour Cost Survey, Rome, Italy 5-6 May 2015)
More information3 Labour Costs. Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Indicator 3.1a
3 Labour Costs Indicator 3.1a Indicator 3.1b Indicator 3.1c Indicator 3.2a Indicator 3.2b Indicator 3.3 Indicator 3.4 Cost of Employing Labour Across Advanced EU Economies (EU15) Cost of Employing Labour
More informationThe Northern Ireland labour market is characterised by relatively. population of working age are not active in the labour market at
INTRODUCTION The Northern Ireland labour market is characterised by relatively high levels of economic inactivity. Around 28 per cent of the population of working age are not active in the labour market
More informationSURVEY ON THE ACCESS TO FINANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE EURO AREA APRIL TO SEPTEMBER 2012
SURVEY ON THE ACCESS TO FINANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE EURO AREA APRIL TO SEPTEMBER 2012 NOVEMBER 2012 European Central Bank, 2012 Address Kaiserstrasse 29, 60311 Frankfurt am Main,
More informationPreliminary results of International Trade in 2014: in nominal terms exports increased by 1.8% and imports increased by 3.
International Trade Statistics 7 July, 215 Preliminary results of International Trade in : in nominal terms exports increased by 1.8% and imports increased by 3.2% vis-à-vis 213 In, exports of goods increased
More informationThe Architectural Profession in Europe 2012
The Architectural Profession in Europe 2012 - A Sector Study Commissioned by the Architects Council of Europe Chapter 2: Architecture the Market December 2012 2 Architecture - the Market The Construction
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH & INNOVATION
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH & INNOVATION Directorate A - Policy Development and Coordination A.4 - Analysis and monitoring of national research and innovation policies References
More informationEU KLEMS Growth and Productivity Accounts March 2011 Update of the November 2009 release
EU KLEMS Growth and Productivity Accounts March 2011 Update of the November 2009 release Description of methodology and country notes Prepared by Reitze Gouma, Klaas de Vries and Astrid van der Veen-Mooij
More informationHousehold consumption by purpose
Household consumption by purpose Statistics Explained Data extracted in November 2018. Planned article update: November 2019. Household expenditure by consumption purpose - COICOP, EU-28, 2017, share of
More informationUSA-EU - international trade in goods statistics
USA-EU - international trade in goods statistics Statistics Explained Data extracted in March 2018. Planned article update: April 2019. This article provides a picture of the international trade in goods
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels,.4.29 COM(28) 86 final/ 2 ANNEXES to 3 ANNEX to the REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
More informationNational accounts and GDP
National accounts and GDP Statistics Explained Data extracted in July 2018. Planned article update: July 2019. National accounts are the source for a multitude of well-known economic indicators which are
More informationPROPERTY EU EUROPEAN LOGISTICS INVESTMENT BRIEFING
PROPERTY EU EUROPEAN LOGISTICS INVESTMENT BRIEFING RICHARD HOLBERTON, SENIOR DIRECTOR, EMEA RESEARCH, CBRE FEBRUARY 19 TH 2015 AGENDA Economy Market Activity Forecasts Issues ECONOMY 2014 Some Alarms and
More informationLithuania: in a wind of change. Robertas Dargis President of the Lithuanian Confederation of Industrialists
Lithuania: in a wind of change Robertas Dargis President of the Lithuanian Confederation of Industrialists 2017 06 15 Lithuanian Confederation of Industrialists - the largest business organisation in Lithuania
More informationCAP CONTEXT INDICATORS EMPLOYMENT BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
CAP CONTEXT INDICATORS 2014-2020 13. EMPLOYMENT BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY December 2014 CONTEXT INDICATOR 13: EMPLOYMENT BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Agriculture employed almost 10 million people in 2013 According
More informationEuropean Real Estate Market
European Real Estate Market A P R I L 2 18 European Real Estate Market - April 218 The European Union MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW The stronger cyclical momentum in Europe and the positive unexpected rise of
More informationGross domestic product of Montenegro in 2016
MONTENEGRO STATISTICAL OFFICE R E L E A S E No:174 Podgorica 29 September 2017 When using the data pleaase name the source Gross domestic product of Montenegro in 2016 Real growth rate of gross domestic
More informationMeasuring poverty and inequality in Latvia: advantages of harmonising methodology
Measuring poverty and inequality in Latvia: advantages of harmonising methodology UNITED NATIONS Inter-regional Expert Group Meeting Placing equality at the centre of Agenda 2030 Santiago, Chile 27 28
More informationApproach to Employment Injury (EI) compensation benefits in the EU and OECD
Approach to (EI) compensation benefits in the EU and OECD The benefits of protection can be divided in three main groups. The cash benefits include disability pensions, survivor's pensions and other short-
More informationGross domestic product of Montenegro for period
MONTENEGRO STATISTICAL OFFICE RELEASE No: 211 Podgorica, 30. September 2015 When using these data, please name the source Gross domestic product of Montenegro for period 2010-2014 Real growth rate of gross
More informationLabour market. ( 1 ) For more information:
Labour market Labour market statistics are at the heart of many EU policies following the introduction of an employment chapter into the Amsterdam Treaty in 1997. The European Employment Strategy (EES)
More informationGross domestic product of Montenegro in 2011
MONTENEGRO STATISTICAL OFFICE R E L E A S E No: 257 Podgorica, 28 September 2012 When using the data please name the source Gross domestic product of Montenegro in 2011 Real growth rate of gross domestic
More informationJanuary 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 0.9 bn euro 13.0 bn euro deficit for EU28
STAT/14/41 18 March 2014 January 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 0.9 13.0 deficit for EU28 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA18) trade in goods balance with the rest of the
More informationLibrary statistical spotlight
/9/2 Library of the European Parliament 6 4 2 This document aims to provide a picture of the, in particular by looking at car production trends since 2, at the number of enterprises and the turnover they
More informationSurvey on the access to finance of enterprises (SAFE)
Survey on the access to finance of enterprises (SAFE) Analytical Report 2017 Written by Ton Kwaak, Martin Clarke, Irena Mikolajun and Carlos Raga Abril November 2017 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General
More information61/2015 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS
Labour market trends, Quarters 1 3 25 61/25 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 18 December 25 Content 1. Employment outlook...1 1.1 Employed people...1 1.2 Job vacancies...3 1.3 Unemployed and inactive people, labour
More informationSurvey on the access to finance of enterprises (SAFE)
Survey on the access to finance of enterprises (SAFE) Analytical Report 2016 Written by Amber van der Graaf, Ton Kwaak and Paul van der Zeijden November 2016 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for
More informationInvestment in France and the EU
Investment in and the EU Natacha Valla March 2017 22/02/2017 1 Change relative to 2008Q1 % of GDP Slow recovery of investment, and with strong heterogeneity Overall Europe s recovery in investment is slow,
More informationPRIVATE COSTS OF ENFORCEMENT OF IPR
PRIVATE COSTS OF ENFORCEMENT OF IPR March 2017 Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 3 2 Executive Summary... 5 3 Methodology and Data... 7 4 Results... 10 4.1 Distribution of survey responses by Member
More informationJune 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 16.8 bn 2.9 bn surplus for EU28
127/2014-18 August 2014 June 2014 Euro area international trade in goods surplus 16.8 bn 2.9 bn surplus for EU28 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA18) trade in goods balance with the rest of the
More informationDG TAXUD. STAT/11/100 1 July 2011
DG TAXUD STAT/11/100 1 July 2011 Taxation trends in the European Union Recession drove EU27 overall tax revenue down to 38.4% of GDP in 2009 Half of the Member States hiked the standard rate of VAT since
More informationEIOPA Statistics - Accompanying note
EIOPA Statistics - Accompanying note Publication references: and Published statistics: [Balance sheet], [Premiums, claims and expenses], [Own funds and SCR] Disclaimer: Data is drawn from the published
More informationThe European economy since the start of the millennium
The European economy since the start of the millennium A STATISTICAL PORTRAIT 2018 edition 1 Since the start of the millennium, the European economy has evolved and statistics can help to better perceive
More informationFiscal rules in Lithuania
Fiscal rules in Lithuania Algimantas Rimkūnas Vice Minister, Ministry of Finance of Lithuania 3 June, 2016 Evolution of National and EU Fiscal Regulations Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) Maastricht Treaty
More informationGOLDEN VISA ARI. Authorization of Residency for Investment Autorização de Residência para Investimento
WWW.VALADASCORIEL.COM GOLDEN VISA ARI Authorization of Residency for Investment Autorização de Residência para Investimento 1 GOLDEN VISA ARI Authorization of residency for investment Autorização de Residência
More informationMay 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.9 bn euro 3.8 bn euro deficit for EU27
108/2012-16 July 2012 May 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.9 3.8 deficit for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the world
More informationInvestment in Germany and the EU
Investment in Germany and the EU Pedro de Lima Head of the Economics Studies Division Economics Department Berlin 19/12/2016 11/01/2017 1 Slow recovery of investment, with strong heterogeneity Overall
More informationRaising the retirement age is the labour market ready for active ageing: evidence from EB and Eurofound research
Raising the retirement age is the labour market ready for active ageing: evidence from EB and Eurofound research Robert Anderson, EUROFOUND, Dublin Reforming pension systems in Europe and Central Asia
More informationin focus Statistics Contents Labour Mar k et Lat est Tr ends 1st quar t er 2006 dat a Em ploym ent r at e in t he EU: t r end st ill up
Labour Mar k et Lat est Tr ends 1st quar t er 2006 dat a Em ploym ent r at e in t he EU: t r end st ill up Statistics in focus This publication belongs to a quarterly series presenting the European Union
More informationCourthouse News Service
14/2009-30 January 2009 Sector Accounts: Third quarter of 2008 Household saving rate at 14.4% in the euro area and 10.7% in the EU27 Business investment rate at 23.5% in the euro area and 23.6% in the
More informationSocial Situation Monitor - Glossary
Social Situation Monitor - Glossary Active labour market policies Measures aimed at improving recipients prospects of finding gainful employment or increasing their earnings capacity or, in the case of
More informationJune 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 14.9 bn euro 0.4 bn euro surplus for EU27
121/2012-17 August 2012 June 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 14.9 0.4 surplus for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the world
More informationPUBLIC PROCUREMENT INDICATORS 2011, Brussels, 5 December 2012
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT INDICATORS 2011, Brussels, 5 December 2012 1. INTRODUCTION This document provides estimates of three indicators of performance in public procurement within the EU. The indicators are
More informationStatistics: Fair taxation of the digital economy
Statistics: Fair taxation of the digital economy Your reply: can be published with your personal information (I consent to the publication of all information in my contribution in whole or in part including
More informationAugust 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.6 bn euro 12.6 bn euro deficit for EU27
146/2012-16 October 2012 August 2012 Euro area international trade in goods surplus of 6.6 12.6 deficit for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the
More informationQuarterly Financial Accounts Household net worth reaches new peak in Q Irish Household Net Worth
Quarterly Financial Accounts Q4 2017 4 May 2018 Quarterly Financial Accounts Household net worth reaches new peak in Q4 2017 Household net worth rose by 2.1 per cent in Q4 2017. It now exceeds its pre-crisis
More informationTaxation trends in the European Union Further increase in VAT rates in 2012 Corporate and top personal income tax rates inch up after long decline
STAT/12/77 21 May 2012 Taxation trends in the European Union Further increase in VAT rates in 2012 Corporate and top personal income tax rates inch up after long decline The average standard VAT rate 1
More informationThe Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU
The Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU 28 2018 James Rogers Cécile Philippe Institut Économique Molinari, Paris Bruxelles TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract... 3 Background... 3 Main Results... 4 On average,
More informationEUROPA - Press Releases - Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax...of GDP in 2008 Steady decline in top corporate income tax rate since 2000
DG TAXUD STAT/10/95 28 June 2010 Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax ratio fell to 39.3% of GDP in 2008 Steady decline in top corporate income tax rate since 2000 The overall tax-to-gdp ratio1
More informationREPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 6.9.2016 COM(2016) 553 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
More informationConsumer credit market in Europe 2013 overview
Consumer credit market in Europe 2013 overview Crédit Agricole Consumer Finance published its annual survey of the consumer credit market in 28 European Union countries for seven years running. 9 July
More informationEIOPA Statistics - Accompanying note
EIOPA Statistics - Accompanying note Publication references: Published statistics: [Balance sheet], [Premiums, claims and expenses], [Own funds and SCR] Disclaimer: Data is drawn from the published statistics
More informationEU-28 RECOVERED PAPER STATISTICS. Mr. Giampiero MAGNAGHI On behalf of EuRIC
EU-28 RECOVERED PAPER STATISTICS Mr. Giampiero MAGNAGHI On behalf of EuRIC CONTENTS EU-28 Paper and Board: Consumption and Production EU-28 Recovered Paper: Effective Consumption and Collection EU-28 -
More informationFor further information, please see online or contact
For further information, please see http://ec.europa.eu/research/sme-techweb online or contact Lieve.VanWoensel@ec.europa.eu Sixth Progress Report on participation in the 7 th R&D Framework Programme Statistical
More informationUnderstanding Independent Professionals in the EU, Report. Lorence Nye with Kayte Jenkins
Understanding Independent Professionals in the EU, 2015 Report Lorence Nye with Kayte Jenkins June 2016 Contents Executive Summary...3 Independent Professionals in the EU-28 at a Glance...5 Introduction...8
More informationTHE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL INDICATORS DEVELOPED AT THE LEVEL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE NEED TO STIMULATE THE ACTIVITY OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES
Scientific Bulletin Economic Sciences, Volume 13/ Issue2 THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL INDICATORS DEVELOPED AT THE LEVEL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE NEED TO STIMULATE THE ACTIVITY OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES Daniela
More informationEIOPA Statistics - Accompanying note
EIOPA Statistics - Accompanying note Publication reference: Published statistics: [Balance sheet], [Premiums, claims and expenses], [Own funds and SCR] Disclaimer: Data is drawn from the published statistics
More informationJanuary 2005 Euro-zone external trade deficit 2.2 bn euro 14.0 bn euro deficit for EU25
42/2005-23 March 2005 January 2005 Euro-zone external trade deficit 2.2 14.0 deficit for EU25 The first estimate for euro-zone 1 trade with the rest of the world in January 2005 was a 2.2 billion euro
More informationCollaboration in Eco-Innovation Research in the European Union
Collaboration in Eco-Innovation Research in the European Union Eco-innovation brief #14 15 December 2012 Lorena Rivera León, Technopolis Group Eco-innovation has become one of the most expanding sectors
More information1 People in Paid Work
1 People in Paid Work Indicator 1.1a Indicator 1.1b Indicator 1.2a Indicator 1.2b Indicator 1.3 Indicator 1.4 Indicator 1.5a Indicator 1.5b Indicator 1.6 Employment and Unemployment Trends (Republic of
More informationMarch 2005 Euro-zone external trade surplus 4.2 bn euro 6.5 bn euro deficit for EU25
STAT/05/67 24 May 2005 March 2005 Euro-zone external trade surplus 4.2 6.5 deficit for EU25 The first estimate for euro-zone 1 trade with the rest of the world in March 2005 was a 4.2 billion euro surplus,
More informationDecember 2010 Euro area annual inflation up to 2.2% EU up to 2.6%
STAT/11/9 14 January 2011 December 2010 Euro area annual inflation up to 2.2% EU up to 2.6% Euro area 1 annual inflation was 2.2% in December 2010 2, up from 1.9% in November. A year earlier the rate was
More informationElectricity & Gas Prices in Ireland. Annex Business Electricity Prices per kwh 2 nd Semester (July December) 2016
Electricity & Gas Prices in Ireland Annex Business Electricity Prices per kwh 2 nd Semester (July December) 2016 ENERGY POLICY STATISTICAL SUPPORT UNIT 1 Electricity & Gas Prices in Ireland Annex Business
More informationLegal and commercial information - cost estimation for the financing plan
Legal and commercial information - cost estimation for the financing plan Please note the following when drawing up a financing plan: Template structure: Please do not change the structure of the categories
More informationAugust 2005 Euro-zone external trade deficit 2.6 bn euro 14.2 bn euro deficit for EU25
STAT/05/132 20 October 2005 August 2005 Euro-zone external trade deficit 2.6 14.2 deficit for EU25 The first estimate for euro-zone 1 trade with the rest of the world in August 2005 was a 2.6 billion euro
More informationMay 2009 Euro area annual inflation down to 0.0% EU down to 0.7%
STAT/09/88 16 June 2009 May 2009 Euro area annual inflation down to 0.0% EU down to 0.7% Euro area 1 annual inflation was 0.0% in May 2009 2, down from 0.6% in April. A year earlier the rate was 3.7%.
More informationEU BUDGET AND NATIONAL BUDGETS
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT ON BUDGETARY AFFAIRS EU BUDGET AND NATIONAL BUDGETS 1999-2009 October 2010 INDEX Foreward 3 Table 1. EU and National budgets 1999-2009; EU-27
More informationLowest implicit tax rates on labour in Malta, on consumption in Spain and on capital in Lithuania
STAT/13/68 29 April 2013 Taxation trends in the European Union The overall tax-to-gdp ratio in the EU27 up to 38.8% of GDP in 2011 Labour taxes remain major source of tax revenue The overall tax-to-gdp
More informationFirst estimate for 2011 Euro area external trade deficit 7.7 bn euro bn euro deficit for EU27
27/2012-15 February 2012 First estimate for 2011 Euro area external trade deficit 7.7 152.8 deficit for EU27 The first estimate for the euro area 1 (EA17) trade in goods balance with the rest of the world
More informationEuropean hospitality real estate market investment overview for 2019
European hospitality real estate market investment overview for 2019 International real estate investors have a positive outlook on the European hospitality market for 2019 www.tranio.com www.berlinconference.com
More informationTaxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax ratio at 39.8% of GDP in 2007 Steady decline in top personal and corporate income tax rates since 2000
DG TAXUD STAT/09/92 22 June 2009 Taxation trends in the European Union EU27 tax ratio at 39.8% of GDP in 2007 Steady decline in top personal and corporate income tax rates since 2000 The overall tax-to-gdp
More informationSTAT/09/56 22 April 2009
STAT/09/56 22 April 2009 Provision of deficit and debt data for 2008 - first notification Euro area and EU27 government deficit at 1.9% and 2.3% of GDP respectively Government debt at 69.3% and 61.5% In
More informationStudy on the Contribution of Sport to Economic Growth and Employment in the EU
Study on the Contribution of Sport to Economic Growth and Employment in the EU Study commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate-General Education and Culture Executive Summary August 2012 SportsEconAustria
More informationUpdates and revisions of national SUTs for the November 2013 release of the WIOD
Updates and revisions of national SUTs for the November 2013 release of the WIOD Edited by Marcel Timmer (University of Groningen) With contributions from: Abdul A. Erumban, Reitze Gouma and Gaaitzen J.
More informationEuropean Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC)
European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) is a household survey that was launched in 23 on the basis of a gentlemen's
More informationLive Long and Prosper? Demographic Change and Europe s Pensions Crisis. Dr. Jochen Pimpertz Brussels, 10 November 2015
Live Long and Prosper? Demographic Change and Europe s Pensions Crisis Dr. Jochen Pimpertz Brussels, 10 November 2015 Old-age-dependency ratio, EU28 45,9 49,4 50,2 39,0 27,5 31,8 2013 2020 2030 2040 2050
More informationEuropean Advertising Business Climate Index Q4 2016/Q #AdIndex2017
European Advertising Business Climate Index Q4 216/Q1 217 ABOUT Quarterly survey of European advertising and market research companies Provides information about: managers assessment of their business
More informationLearn more about Thresholds
Learn more about Thresholds VAT registration: Threshold VAT registration thresholds 1.1. Overview of local VAT threshold Local VAT registration thresholds were designed to reduce the administrative burden
More information1 People in Paid Work
1 People in Paid Work Indicator 1.1a Indicator 1.1b Indicator 1.2a Indicator 1.2b Indicator 1.3 Indicator 1.4 Indicator 1.5a Indicator 1.5b Indicator 1.6 Employment and Unemployment Trends (Republic of
More informationThe impact of the European System of Accounts 2010 on euro area macroeconomic statistics
Box 8 The impact of the European System of Accounts 21 on euro area macroeconomic statistics The introduction of the new European System of Accounts 21 (ESA 21) in line with international statistical standards
More informationBurden of Taxation: International Comparisons
Burden of Taxation: International Comparisons Standard Note: SN/EP/3235 Last updated: 15 October 2008 Author: Bryn Morgan Economic Policy & Statistics Section This note presents data comparing the national
More informationEnterprise Europe Network SME growth outlook
Enterprise Europe Network SME growth outlook 2018-19 een.ec.europa.eu 2 Enterprise Europe Network SME growth outlook 2018-19 Foreword The European Commission wants to ensure that small and medium-sized
More informationIreland, one of the best places in the world to do business. Q Key Marketplace Messages
, one of the best places in the world to do business. Q1 2013 Key Marketplace Messages Why : Companies are attracted to for a variety reasons: Talent Young, flexible, adaptable, mobile workforce. The median
More informationin focus Statistics Trade in high-tech products Contents China on the rise The EU is the leading trader in high-tech products in 2005
Trade in high-tech products China on the rise Statistics in focus This issue of Statistics in Focus presents a detailed analysis of the trade in high-tech products, concentrating mainly on world market
More informationMacroeconomic overview SEE and Macedonia
Macroeconomic overview SEE and Macedonia Zoltan Arokszallasi Chief Analyst, Macro & FX/FI Research Erste Group Bank Erste Investors Breakfast, 29 September, Skopje 02. Oktober SEE shows mixed performance
More informationPoverty and social inclusion indicators
Poverty and social inclusion indicators The poverty and social inclusion indicators are part of the common indicators of the European Union used to monitor countries progress in combating poverty and social
More informationNOTE. for the Interparliamentary Meeting of the Committee on Budgets
NOTE for the Interparliamentary Meeting of the Committee on Budgets THE ROLE OF THE EU BUDGET TO SUPPORT MEMBER STATES IN ACHIEVING THEIR ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES AS AGREED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EUROPEAN
More informationVALUE ADDED TAX COMMITTEE (ARTICLE 398 OF DIRECTIVE 2006/112/EC) WORKING PAPER NO 924
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL TAXATION AND CUSTOMS UNION Indirect Taxation and Tax administration Value added tax taxud.c.1(2017)1561748 EN Brussels, 14 March 2017 VALUE ADDED TAX COMMITTEE (ARTICLE
More informationSTATISTICAL REFLECTIONS
STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 29 January 2016 Contents Introduction...1 Changes in property transactions...1 Annual price indices...1 Quarterly pure price index...2 Factors of overall price in the market of
More informationLABOUR MARKET. People in the labour market employment People in the labour market unemployment Labour market policy and public expenditure
. LABOUR MARKET People in the labour market employment People in the labour market unemployment Labour market policy and public expenditure Labour market People in the labour market employment People
More informationServices producer prices, 1st quarter 2012
24/2012 Produced by: Hungarian Central Statistical Office www.ksh.hu Issue 6 of Volume 24 24 July 2012 Services producer prices, 1st quarter 2012 Contents 1 Introduction 3 Section H Transportation and
More informationIs There a Relationship between Company Profitability and Salary Level? A Pan-European Empirical Study
2011 International Conference on Innovation, Management and Service IPEDR vol.14(2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Is There a Relationship between Company Profitability and Salary Level? A Pan-European
More informationPan-European opinion poll on occupational safety and health
REPORT Pan-European opinion poll on occupational safety and health Results across 36 European countries Final report Conducted by Ipsos MORI Social Research Institute at the request of the European Agency
More informationOn the Structure of EU Financial System. by S. E. G. Lolos. Contents 1
On the Structure of EU Financial System by S. E. G. Lolos Department of Economic and Regional Development Panteion University Contents 1 1. Introduction...2 2. Banks Balance Sheets...2 2.1 On the asset
More information