O V E R V I E W. why it matters. the basis of this presentation. a very brief history of accountability in development. key concepts and terms

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1 P R E S E N T A T I O N T O D F A T S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N H U B J A K A R T A, O C T O B E R 9 T H A C C O U N T A B L E S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N N A O M I H O S S A I N R E S E A R C H F E L L O W, P O W E R A N D P O P U L A R P O L I T I C S C L U S T E R I N S T I T U T E O F D E V E L O P M E N T S T U D I E S A T T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F S U S S E X

2 O V E R V I E W why it matters the basis of this presentation a very brief history of accountability in development key concepts and terms where accountability & social protection connect and where they don t but should accountability as a framework, a system, a set of principles so what? resources

3 B A S I S O F T H I S P R E S E N T A T I O N political sociological perspective (focus on state-society relations) has been muted within social protection debates reflections from paper on exclusion from social protection for DFAT in 2014 case studies of Kenya s HSNP, Pakistan s BISP, South Africa s CSG, social protection for disability in Indonesia, Uganda s SCG revisiting debates in social protection from making services work for poor people accountability perspective: what works? how and why? two new/ongoing multi-country studies exploring accountability for food security & social protection

4 W H Y T H I S M A T T E R S social protection risen fast up the development agenda in past decade - why not entirely clear inattention to domestic politics of social protection - who owns these programmes? how are they governed, for whom? how socially and politically sustainable? who is excluded?

5 W H Y T H I S M A T T E R S fascination with widgets & gadgets - neglect of processes & relations the concern: aided social protection may short circuit mechanisms of accountability

6 A P O T T E D H I S T O R Y O F A C C O U N T A B I L I T Y I N D E V E L O P M E N T good governance corruption & transparenc y rights-based approaches WDR making services work for poor people - consumer power citizenship & participation social accountabilit y as the magic bullet RESULTS! VFM impact popular politics & urban poverty the precariat

7 S O M E K E Y N O T I O N S R E L E V A N T T O S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N D E B A T E S answerability & enforceability voice & participation downward accountability informal accountability short and long routes to accountability/ accountability mech

8 W H E R E A C C O U N T A B I L I T Y A N D S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N D E B A T E S C U R R E N T L Y C O N N E C T humanitarian/emergency work / protection issues corruption/leakage targeting & beneficiary selection social accountability tools e.g. social audits feedback/grievance answerability wtihout enforceability - Kenya s HSNP rights A woman in rural Bangladesh complaining that she has been excluded from the beneficiary list

9 A N D W H E R E T H E Y D O N T C O N N E C T - B U T C O U L D rights inclusion/exclusion PWD in Indonesia gender- answering to (not for) women BISP in Pakistan participation & popular politics - urban poor emerging as vital constituent wtih unmet SP needs above: young men in Mukuru slum in Nairobi - until the Kazi kwa Vijana programme, this group had no access to social protection

10 A F R A M E W O R K F O R A C C O U N T A B L E P U B L I C S E R V I C E S mandates constitutionally, legally, policy manifestos, popular expectations standards what, for whom, how monitoring sanctions shame, transparency & the role of the media - Indian RTF case

11 V I E W S O N S T A N D A R D S I N F O O D S E C U R I T Y P R O G R A M M E S That relief food comes rarely and when it does it is too little that is why people injure one another. Mr M., 40, artisan, participant in FGD with men, Mukuru, Kenya When I received my rent I went to EMAPA (Support Company for Food production) believing I could find sugar in lower price, but it was at the same price of the market. I even got less weight - I was deceived. Mrs C., 65, retired miner and widow with four dependents, Kami, Bolivia Nobody takes the allotment of RASKIN here. The rice is very poor in quality, Ma am. It does not taste good at all. But for those who really are underprivileged, they would have to eat that rice rather than not eating all. Female participant in FGD with women, Bekasi, Indonesia It is really tough because people are so many, and there is a lot of pushing in the queues made. So one might receive the food but you may go home with a broken leg/arm. It is for the strong not the sick and elderly. Mr. N, 39, manual labourer, participant in FGD with men, Mukuru, Kenya

12 A S E T O F O P E R A T I O N A L / P R O G R A M M I N G P R I N C I P L E S rights equality and inclusiveness participation sustainability

13 A S Y S T E M not program design not externally dependent for ownership or political drive Gender-sensitive adaptation of the accountability triangle from UNIFEM self-regulating, selfcorrecting and selfreproducing The WDR 2004 accountability triangle

14 A N D S O W H A T? I M P L I C A T I O N S F O R A I D E D S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N no quick results - but sound institutional legacies and sustainable relationships of social protection

15 T H I N K I N G D I F F E R E N T L Y take a long view - accountable social protection systems build on political histories & last lifetimes take a wide view - targeting fetishism and individualistic schemes are often counter-productive think collectively - build citizen capacities to make group claims A woman in South Sumatra describing her experience of the 2008 cash transfer program BLT

16 T H E F U T U R E F O R A C C O U N T A B L E S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N > levels and mandates: global volatilities and resources, national responsibilities and powers (local realities ) popular politics, urban poverty, the precariat The unprotected urban poor - Mozambique food riots in 2010

17 S O M E R E S O U R C E S