DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Performance Pillar. P1 Performance Operations. 20 November 2013 Wednesday Morning Session

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1 DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO Performance Pillar P1 Performance Operations 20 November 2013 Wednesday Morning Session Instructions to candidates You are allowed three hours to answer this question paper. You are allowed 20 minutes reading time before the examination begins during which you should read the question paper and, if you wish, highlight and/or make notes on the question paper. However, you will not be allowed, under any circumstances, to open the answer book and start writing or use your calculator during this reading time. You are strongly advised to carefully read ALL the question requirements before attempting the question concerned (that is all parts and/or subquestions). ALL answers must be written in the answer book. Answers written on the question paper will not be submitted for marking. You should show all workings as marks are available for the method you use. ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY. Section A comprises 8 sub-questions and is on pages 2 to 5. Section B comprises 6 sub-questions and is on pages 6 to 8. Section C comprises 2 questions and is on pages 10 to 13. Maths tables and formulae are provided on pages 15 to 18. The list of verbs as published in the syllabus is given for reference on page 19. Write your candidate number, the paper number and examination subject title in the spaces provided on the front of the answer book. Also write your contact ID and name in the space provided in the right hand margin and seal to close. Tick the appropriate boxes on the front of the answer book to indicate which questions you have answered. P1 Performance Operations TURN OVER The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants 2013

2 SECTION A 20 MARKS [You are advised to spend no longer than 36 minutes on this question.] ANSWER ALL EIGHT SUB-QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION Instructions for answering Section A: The answers to the eight sub-questions in Section A should ALL be written in your answer book. Your answers should be clearly numbered with the sub-question number then ruled off, so that the markers know which sub-question you are answering. For multiple choice questions, you need only write the sub-question number and the letter of the answer option you have chosen. You do not need to start a new page for each subquestion. For sub-questions 1.6 to 1.8 you should show your workings as marks are available for the method you use to answer these sub-questions. Question One 1.1 It is estimated that at the end of this year AB will have trade payables outstanding of $547,800. This represents 55 days of purchases based on a 365 day year. All purchases are on credit and are spread evenly each year. AB is preparing the budget for next year and estimates that annual purchases will increase by 15%. The trade payables days are expected to change from 55 days to 50 days due to several suppliers offering early settlement discounts. The budgeted trade payables outstanding at the end of next year will be: A $629,970 B $498,000 C $692,967 D $572,700 (2 marks) Performance Operations 2 November 2013

3 1.2 BC had trade receivables of $242,000 at the start of the year. BC forecasts that the sales revenue for the year will be $1,500,000. All sales are on credit. Trade receivable days at the end of the year are expected to be 60 days based on a 365 day year. The expected receipts from customers during the year are closest to: A $1,495,425 B $1,742,000 C $ 1,253,425 D $ 1,504,575 (2 marks) 1.3 A decision maker who makes decisions using the maximax decision criterion would be described as: A B C D Pessimistic Optimistic A bad loser Cautious (2 marks) Section A continues on the next page TURN OVER November Performance Operations

4 1.4 PQ is purchasing the lease on a property which has an annual lease payment of $300 in perpetuity. The lease payments will be paid annually in advance. PQ has a cost of capital of 12% per annum. The present value of the lease payments is: A $2,500 B $2,800 C $3,600 D $3,900 (2 marks) 1.5 RS is a retailer of pet products. A dog basket that it sells has an annual demand of 15,000 units. Demand is spread evenly throughout the year. RS pays its supplier $60 for each basket. Ordering costs are $150 per order and the annual cost of holding one basket in inventory is estimated to be $6. The economic order quantity (EOQ) for the dog basket to the nearest unit is: A B C D 612 units 173 units 866 units 1,025 units (2 marks) 1.6 A bond has a coupon rate of 8.5% per annum. The next interest payment will be made in one year s time. The bond will repay the par value of $100 when it matures in seven years time. Calculate the expected current market price of the bond if yields to maturity on similar bonds are 7% per annum. (3 marks) Reminder All answers to Section A must be written in your answer book. Answers to Section A written on the question paper will not be submitted for marking. Performance Operations 4 November 2013

5 1.7 A company is considering an investment project that has a life of four years and requires an initial investment of $800,000. Net cash inflows are estimated to be $281,000 per year. The project has a positive net present value of $53,397 when discounted at 12% per annum. Ignore tax and inflation. Calculate, to the nearest 1%, the maximum discount rate at which the project will be financially viable. (3 marks) 1.8 A company normally pays its supplier 50 days after the invoice date. The supplier has offered the company a 2% early settlement discount if the invoice is paid within 10 days of the invoice date. The company pays 11% per annum on its overdraft which will be used to fund the early settlement. Calculate whether the company should accept the early settlement discount. (4 marks) (Total for Section A = 20 marks) End of Section A. Section B begins on page 6 TURN OVER November Performance Operations

6 SECTION B 30 MARKS [You are advised to spend no longer than 9 minutes on each sub-question in this section.] ANSWER ALL SIX SUB-QUESTIONS. YOU SHOULD SHOW YOUR WORKINGS AS MARKS ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE METHOD YOU USE. Question Two (a) Public sector organisations are often judged by their economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Consequently they should use an approach to budgeting other than incremental budgeting. Explain ONE advantage and TWO disadvantages of public sector organisations using incremental budgeting. (5 marks) (b) EF manufactures and sells three products, X, Y and Z. The following production overhead costs are budgeted for next year: Activity $ Set up 560,000 Material handling 242,000 Inspection Total production overheads 386,000 1,188,000 Budgeted details for each of the products for next year are as follows: Product X Product Y Product Z Production units 10,000 16,000 18,000 Batch size Number of set ups per batch Number of material movements 16,530 20,938 17,632 Number of inspections 1,188 1,782 2,430 Calculate the total budgeted production overhead cost for each product using activity based budgeting. (5 marks) Section B continues on the opposite page Performance Operations 6 November 2013

7 The following data are given for sub-questions (c) and (d) below A company produces grit for use on public roads during icy conditions. The grit has to be produced in advance of the winter season. The level of demand depends on weather conditions. Any excess production has to be disposed of as it will deteriorate before the following winter. The company has received the following weather predictions and associated demand for next winter. Weather conditions Severe Normal Mild Demand 72,000 tonnes 54,000 tonnes 38,000 tonnes The company needs to determine the quantity of grit to produce for the next winter season. It can only produce 40,000, 60,000 or 80,000 tonnes and cannot change the quantity once production has begun One tonne of grit has a selling price of $150 and costs $70 to produce. Any unsold grit will need to be disposed of at a cost of $20 per tonne. (c) Prepare a payoff table showing the profits for production quantities of 40,000 tonnes, 60,000 tonnes and 80,000 tonnes. (5 marks) (d) (i) It has now been estimated that the probabilities of the weather conditions are 30%, 50% and 20% for severe, normal and mild weather respectively. Calculate the profit that would be earned if the decision about the production quantity was based on the expected value of demand. (3 marks) (ii) Describe the attitude to risk of a decision maker who makes decisions using the expected value decision rule. (2 marks) (Total for sub-question (d) = 5 marks) (e) Environmental management is considered to be one of the most important issues facing companies today. An effective environmental costing system will not only support a company s environmental management but may also improve the financial performance of the organisation. Explain THREE ways in which an environmental costing system can lead to improved financial performance. (5 marks) Section B continues on the next page TURN OVER November Performance Operations

8 (f) A company is considering five investment projects as follows: Project Investment Profitability Index $ A 12, B 8, C 20, D 16, E 14, The company has $40,000 available for investment. Projects C and D are mutually exclusive. All projects can be undertaken only once and are divisible. Calculate the maximum net present value (NPV) that can be earned from the projects given that there is only $40,000 available for investment. (5 marks) (Total for Section B = 30 marks) End of Section B. Section C begins on page 10 Performance Operations 8 November 2013

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10 SECTION C 50 MARKS [You are advised to spend no longer than 45 minutes on each question in this section.] ANSWER BOTH QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION. EACH QUESTION IS WORTH 25 MARKS. YOU SHOULD SHOW YOUR WORKINGS AS MARKS ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE METHOD YOU USE. Question Three GH manufactures a product using skilled labour and high quality materials. The company operates a standard costing system and a just-in-time (JIT) purchasing and production system. The standard selling price and variable costs for one unit of the product are as follows: $ Selling price 136 Materials (2 $10 per kg) 20 Labour (3 $24 per hour) 72 The budgeted sales for October were 38,000 units. Actual results for October were as follows: Production and sales Selling price 36,000 units $134 per unit Materials 76,000 kg costing $754,000 Labour 114,000 hours paid costing $2,656,000 (a) Prepare a statement that reconciles the budgeted contribution with the actual contribution for October. Your statement should show the variances in as much detail as possible. (10 marks) At a recent Board meeting the Management Accountant presented a statement showing the variances for the previous quarter in total as follows: Variance $ $ Material price variance 15,300 F Material usage variance 22,500 A Labour rate variance 130,800 F Labour efficiency variance 146,400 A Sales volume contribution variance 182,600 A Sales price variance 134,000 A Performance Operations 10 November 2013

11 The Production Director explained to the Board that, in an attempt to reduce costs, he made a decision at the start of the three month period to adjust the labour mix by replacing some of the skilled labour with semi-skilled labour and to reduce the quality of the materials used. The standard costs were not adjusted to reflect these changes. The Sales Director stated that the sales team were being forced to reduce the selling price due to concerns expressed by customers about the quality of the product. There had also been a large increase in customer complaints and returns of faulty products. (b) Discuss the performance of the Production Director using the information given in the variance statement above. (8 marks) The Management Accountant has provided more detailed information regarding the labour mix. The labour cost shown in the original standard cost was made up as follows: Skilled labour 1.8 $30 per hour $54 Semi-skilled labour 1.2 $15 per hour $ hours $72 The actual mix of labour used in October was as follows: Skilled labour 64,000 hours costing $1,750,000 Semi-skilled labour 50,000 hours costing $906,000 The Management Accountant has decided to undertake further variance analysis using the more detailed information. (c) Calculate the following variances for October, taking account of the more detailed information regarding the labour mix: (i) (ii) (iii) The total labour efficiency variance The total labour mix variance The total labour yield variance (7 marks) (Total for Question Three = 25 marks) Section C continues on the next page TURN OVER November Performance Operations

12 Question Four JK manufactures high quality tablet PCs using just-in-time (JIT) production methods. The market has grown significantly over the past few years and is expected to continue to grow. JK is planning to launch a new model the Supertab. The introduction of the Supertab will have no impact on sales of existing models as it is expected to appeal to a different segment of the market. The company has already spent $2 million marketing the new model but will require a further investment of $20 million in production equipment. The project has a life of five years at the end of which the equipment will have a residual value of $5 million. Depreciation is calculated using the straight line method. It is expected that the total capital investment will be eligible for tax depreciation. Sales and production of the Supertab over its lifecycle are expected to be: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 50,000 units 60,000 units 75,000 units 30,000 units 30,000 units The selling price in Year 1 and Year 2 will be $500 per unit. The selling price will be reduced to $400 in Year 3 and will remain at this level for the remainder of the project. The total variable cost of the Supertab, including labour, materials and variable overhead costs is estimated to be $200 per unit and this is expected to remain constant throughout the life of the project. Each unit is estimated to take 1.25 machine hours to produce. Fixed overheads are charged to products using an absorption rate of $120 per machine hour. The additional fixed overheads expected to be incurred directly as a result of increasing the production capacity is $8 million per annum including depreciation charges. Additional working capital of $6 million will be required at the start of the project. Taxation JK s Financial Director has provided the following taxation information: Tax depreciation: 25% per annum of the reducing balance, with a balancing adjustment in the year of disposal. Taxation rate: 30% of taxable profits. Half of the tax is payable in the year in which it arises, the balance is paid in the following year. JK has sufficient taxable profits from other parts of its business to enable the offset of any pre-tax losses on this project. Other information A cost of capital of 12% per annum is used to evaluate projects of this type. Ignore inflation. Performance Operations 12 November 2013

13 (a) Evaluate whether JK should introduce the new model. You should use net present value (NPV) as the basis of your evaluation. Workings should be rounded to the nearest $0.1 million. (12 marks) (b) Calculate for the Supertab project: (i) (ii) the internal rate of return (IRR) the discounted payback period (4 marks) (3 marks) JK could outsource the production of the Supertab to an overseas manufacturer. The accountant has presented figures to show that the NPV of the project based on outsourcing the production is $0.3 million higher than the NPV of in-house production. (c) Explain THREE non-financial factors that JK would need to consider before deciding whether to outsource production. (6 marks) (Total for Question Four = 25 marks) (Total for Section C = 50 marks) End of question paper Maths tables and formulae are on pages 15 to 18 November Performance Operations

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15 PRESENT VALUE TABLE Present value of $1, that is ( 1+ r ) n where r = interest rate; n = number of periods until payment or receipt. Periods Interest rates (r) (n) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% Periods Interest rates (r) (n) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% November Performance Operations

16 Cumulative present value of $1 per annum, Receivable or Payable at the end of each year for n years n 1 (1+ r ) r Periods (n) Interest rates (r) 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% Periods (n) Interest rates (r) 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% Performance Operations 16 November 2013

17 FORMULAE PROBABILITY A B = A or B. A B = A and B (overlap). P(B A) = probability of B, given A. Rules of Addition If A and B are mutually exclusive: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) If A and B are not mutually exclusive: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B) Rules of Multiplication If A and B are independent:: P(A B) = P(A) * P(B) If A and B are not independent: P(A B) = P(A) * P(B A) E(X) = (probability * payoff) DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Arithmetic Mean x = x n fx x = (frequency distribution) f Standard Deviation SD = INDEX NUMBERS ( x x) n SD = fx x (frequency distribution) f Price relative = 100 * P 1/P 0 Quantity relative = 100 * Q 1/Q 0 P1 w P o Price: x 100 w Q1 w Q o Quantity: x 100 w TIME SERIES Additive Model Multiplicative Model Series = Trend + Seasonal + Random Series = Trend * Seasonal * Random November Performance Operations

18 FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS Compound Interest (Values and Sums) Future Value S, of a sum of X, invested for n periods, compounded at r% interest S = X[1 + r] n Annuity Present value of an annuity of $1 per annum receivable or payable for n years, commencing in one year, discounted at r% per annum: PV = r [1 + r ] n Perpetuity Present value of $1 per annum, payable or receivable in perpetuity, commencing in one year, discounted at r% per annum: PV = r 1 LEARNING CURVE Y x = ax b where: Y x = the cumulative average time per unit to produce X units; a = the time required to produce the first unit of output; X = the cumulative number of units; b = the index of learning. The exponent b is defined as the log of the learning curve improvement rate divided by log 2. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Economic Order Quantity EOQ = 2C D where: C o = cost of placing an order C h = cost of holding one unit in inventory for one year D = annual demand C o h Performance Operations 18 November 2013

19 LIST OF VERBS USED IN THE QUESTION REQUIREMENTS A list of the learning objectives and verbs that appear in the syllabus and in the question requirements for each question in this paper. It is important that you answer the question according to the definition of the verb. LEARNING OBJECTIVE VERBS USED DEFINITION Level 1 - KNOWLEDGE What you are expected to know. List Make a list of State Express, fully or clearly, the details/facts of Define Give the exact meaning of Level 2 - COMPREHENSION What you are expected to understand. Describe Communicate the key features Distinguish Highlight the differences between Explain Make clear or intelligible/state the meaning or purpose of Identify Recognise, establish or select after consideration Illustrate Use an example to describe or explain something Level 3 - APPLICATION How you are expected to apply your knowledge. Level 4 - ANALYSIS How are you expected to analyse the detail of what you have learned. Level 5 - EVALUATION How are you expected to use your learning to evaluate, make decisions or recommendations. Apply Calculate Demonstrate Prepare Reconcile Solve Tabulate Analyse Categorise Compare and contrast Construct Discuss Interpret Prioritise Produce Advise Evaluate Recommend Put to practical use Ascertain or reckon mathematically Prove with certainty or to exhibit by practical means Make or get ready for use Make or prove consistent/compatible Find an answer to Arrange in a table Examine in detail the structure of Place into a defined class or division Show the similarities and/or differences between Build up or compile Examine in detail by argument Translate into intelligible or familiar terms Place in order of priority or sequence for action Create or bring into existence Counsel, inform or notify Appraise or assess the value of Advise on a course of action November Performance Operations

20 Performance Pillar Operational Level Paper P1 Performance Operations November 2013 Wednesday Morning Session Performance Operations 20 November 2013