UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA Case No. 8:18-cv JLS-KES RECEIVER'S SECOND INTERIM REPORT

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1 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 DAVID R. ZARO (BAR NO. ) ALLEN MATKINS LECK GAMBLE MALLORY & NATSIS LLP South Figueroa Street, Suite 00 Los Angeles, California 00- Phone: () - Fax: () 0- dzaro@allenmatkins.com EDWARD G. FATES (BAR NO. 0) ALLEN MATKINS LECK GAMBLE MALLORY & NATSIS LLP One America Plaza 00 West Broadway, th Floor San Diego, California 0-00 Phone: () - Fax: () - tfates@allenmatkins.com Attorneys for Temporary Court-Appointed Receiver KRISTA L. FREITAG FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, Plaintiff, vs. IMPETUS ENTERPRISE, INC., a California corporation, also d/b/a Aiding Student Relief, Aiding Students & Teachers, Aidnest, Avec Staffing, and National Education Student and Teacher; FIG TREE & CO., LLC, a California limited liability company, also d/b/a Aiding Student Relief, Aiding Students & Teacher, and Aiding Students & Teachers; TUAN DINH DUONG, a/k/a Thomas Duong, a/k/a Thomas Dinh, individually and as an officer of IMPETUS ENTERPRISE, INC.; BRENDA AVITIA-PENA, individually and as an officer of IMPETUS ENTERPRISE, INC. and FIG TREE & CO., LLC; and BRIAN COLOMBANA d/b/a FUTERO, individually and as an officer of FIG TREE & CO., LLC, Defendants, NOEL SOLUTIONS, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company, Relief Defendant. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA Case No. :-cv-0-jls-kes RECEIVER'S SECOND INTERIM REPORT Ctrm: Judge: 0A Hon. Josephine L. Staton 00.0/SD

2 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UPDATE... II. FTC COMPLAINT... III. THE TRO AND PI Order... IV. RECEIVER'S ACTIONS TO IMPLEMENT TRO AND PI ORDER... A. Securing and Taking Control of Operational Premises... B. Funds Recovered, Known To Date... C. Assessing Receivership Entities, Business Operations... D. Control Over Receivership Entity Records, Electronic Accounts... E. Scope of the Enterprise... F. Personal Property... G. Pending Litigation... H. Territorial Jurisdiction Over Receivership Assets... I. Borrower/Client Communications... V. PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATIONS... A. Document Recovery Efforts... B. Receivership Asset Recovery Efforts and Investigation... VI. CONCLUSION /SD -- Page

3 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 Cases TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 00.0/SD -- Page(s) Haile v. Henderson Nat'l Bank, Fed. d (th Cir. )... Statutes U.S.C....

4 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 On November, 0, this Court entered the Ex Parte Temporary Restraining Order with Asset Freeze, Appointment of a Temporary Receiver, and Other Equitable Relief, and Order to Show Cause Why Preliminary Injunction Should Not Issue (the "TRO"), appointing Krista L. Freitag ("Receiver") temporary receiver for Impetus Enterprise, Inc. ("Impetus") and Fig Tree & Co., LLC ("Fig Tree"), each of their subsidiaries, affiliates, successors and assigns, and any other entity that has conducted any business related to Defendants' student debt relief enterprise, including receipt of Assets derived from any activity that is the subject of the Complaint in this matter, and that the Receiver determines is controlled or owned by any Defendant (collectively the "Receivership Entities" or individually, a "Receivership Entity") with full powers of an equity receiver. Dkt. No.. On November, 0, this Court entered the associated Preliminary Injunction with Asset Freeze, Appointment of Receiver and Other Equitable Relief order "the PI Order" appointing Receiver as permanent receiver for the Receivership Entities, including but not limited to Capital Sun Investments, LLC (d/b/a Studora) or Premier Capital Investments, LLC, and Jimmy Calderon (when conducting activities in relation to any of the foregoing entities). Dkt. No.. The Receiver's bond was filed with the Court on December, 0. Dkt. No. 0. Pursuant to the Court's direction during the hearing held on November, 0, the following report serves as an update regarding the Receiver's work performed thus far pursuant to the TRO and PI Order, as well as her early observations. I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UPDATE Effective Thursday, November, 0, the Receiver successfully obtained possession of and secured the following physical location included in the TRO and 00.0/SD --

5 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 associated with the operations of Impetus, Fig Tree and Capital Sun Investments, LLC, a Wyoming Limited Liability Corporation : E. th Street, Santa Ana, CA 0 (including the Chambers Rd., th Floor, Tustin, CA and 00 Von Karman Ave., Suite 0, Irvine, CA virtual office locations, where it appears mail was directed and received). Numerous documents and records (including electronic forms thereof) were initially secured therein and/or were otherwise secured. Such physical records have now been moved to secure storage, and the E. th Street suite has been emptied and turned over to the landlord. Through review of banking records, one other physical (and vacated) operating location was identified in Irvine, and numerous additional virtual office addresses and active operations of defendant Impetus (d/b/a Avec Staffing) and affiliated entities, IDR Education and Synergy Student Services, were identified. Change of address forms and notices of the TRO have been processed as such locations have been discovered. Numerous banking records also suggest a physical operation existed in Colombia. Bank accounts and payment processors previously identified by the Federal Trade Commission ("Commission") and additional accounts and payment processors identified through an investigation of documents and information found at the physical and virtual office locations where the Receivership Entities conducted business as well as through additional investigation have been directed to be frozen. A detailed summary of the recovery of assets to date is presented below; however, given the government shutdown and furlough impact on the Commission, the complete results of the instant asset freeze are not yet fully known as certain Capital Sun Investments, LLC, d/b/a Studora, was operating in the E. th Street, Santa Ana, CA 0 location, and was determined to be to an affiliate and/or successor operator of Defendants' student debt relief business. 00.0/SD --

6 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 institutional responses have yet to be received. Certain financial institutions respond directly to the Commission's asset freeze; the Receiver then gains access to such documentation through the Commission. Based on the Receiver's investigation of documents and computer records, the Receiver has identified and recovered approximately $,000, which includes bank account balances and payment processor reserve balances. At this point, the Receiver is not aware of any other material funds or assets of the Receivership Entities. No real property owned by the Receivership Entities has yet been identified and the Receiver is still awaiting other account information. The Receiver has not yet identified the entire scope of the Receivership Entities' enterprise, the consumers or the specific amounts invested and expended. However, through service of the TRO and PI Order on the customer relationship management ("CRM") software companies (four separate companies identified/served), the Receiver has been able to freeze and gain administrative control over the CRM databases for the following:. Capital Sun Investments, LLC d/b/a Studora affiliated with Receivership Entities as further discussed below. Avec Staffing (aka People's Choice) associated with Defendant Brenda Avitia-Pena. IDR Education (and what appears to be an additional d/b/a of Synergy Student Services) associated with Defendant Brian Colombana The Receiver continues to work diligently to gain access to financial records and service provider platforms (e.g., Microsoft for Receivership Entity accounts and Intuit for Receivership Entity online Quickbooks accounts) so she can efficiently provide as much information as is available regarding the scope of the enterprises. Preliminary assessments based on information that is available at this time, are discussed below. 00.0/SD --

7 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #:0 0 0 Although the Receiver and her professionals have made significant progress in a short period of time, this report is preliminary given the short time between entry of the TRO and PI Order and the date of this report. As discussed below in Section V, the Receiver has set out her recommendations for the continued administration of the receivership. II. FTC COMPLAINT On November, 0, the Commission filed its Complaint against Impetus, Fig Tree, Tuan Dinh Duong ("Duong"), Brenda Avitia-Pena ("Avitia"), and Brian Colombana ("Colombana"). The Complaint alleges that Impetus and Fig Tree have operated as a common enterprise while engaging in alleged unlawful acts and practices. The Commission's allegations include, but are not limited to, (a) deceptive marketing, misrepresentation of student loan debt relief services, and (b) in connection with telemarketing of student loan debt relief services, requests and receipt of payments of a fee or consideration for debt relief services before debt relief was obtained. III. THE TRO AND PI Order Pursuant to the TRO and PI Order, the Receiver is, amongst other things, authorized and directed to:. Assume full control of Receivership Entities by removing any director, officer, independent contractor, employee, attorney, or agent of any Receivership Entity from control of, management of, or participation in, the affairs of the Receivership Entity;. Take exclusive custody, control, and possession of all Assets and Documents of, or in the possession, custody, or under the control of, any Receivership Entity;. Take exclusive custody, control, and possession of all Documents or Assets associated with the credits, debits, or charges made on behalf of any Receivership Entity, including reserve funds held by payment 00.0/SD --

8 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 processors, credit card processors, merchant banks, acquiring banks, independent sales organizations, third party processors, payment gateways, insurance companies or other entities;. Conserve, hold, manage, and prevent the loss of all Assets of the Receivership Entities, and perform all acts necessary or advisable to preserve the value of those Assets;. Obtain, conserve, hold, manage, and prevent the loss of all Documents of the Receivership Entities, and perform all acts necessary or advisable to preserve such Documents;. Obtain, conserve, hold, manage, and prevent the loss of all Documents of the Receivership Entities, and perform all acts necessary or advisable to preserve such Documents;. Choose, engage, and employ attorneys, accountants, appraisers, and other independent contractors and technical specialists, as the Receiver deems advisable or necessary in the performance of duties and responsibilities under the authority granted by this Order;. Take all steps necessary to secure and take exclusive custody of each location from which the Receivership Entities operate their businesses. IV. RECEIVER'S ACTIONS TO IMPLEMENT TRO AND PI ORDER A. Securing and Taking Control of Operational Premises Upon her appointment, the Receiver assumed control over the leased premises located at E. th Street, Santa Ana, CA 0 (the "Office Premises"), and served the TRO on and retrieved mail from the virtual office locations identified in the TRO (00 Von Karman Ave. and Chambers Rd.). The Receiver has made significant efforts to identify other physical locations (numerous former and virtual addresses have been discovered and contacts associated with same thus served), but the one other physical operating location discovered in the United States had been vacated by the time of discovery. 00.0/SD --

9 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 With regard to the Office Premises, the Receiver took physical control, changed the locks, served/notified the landlord through property management, served/notified key vendors, and otherwise worked to ensure no entry into the premises. Such physical records have now been moved to secure storage, and the suite has been emptied and turned over to the landlord. Note that the Studora contract employees were given several opportunities to retrieve personal belongings before the space was emptied. Regarding the additional physical location identified in Irvine, and working with the Commission, an Impetus Enterprise, Inc. cancelled check which referenced "rent" was recently received and the entity/payee located. Upon reaching the applicable payee, an insurance services company located in Upland, California, the sublessor (the payee) confirmed the lease with Impetus Enterprise, Inc. (signed by Brenda Avitia). The three-year sublease commenced on March, 0, encompassed,0 square feet and was not previously identified or observed through review of other physical records (0 Bake Parkway, Suite 00, Irvine, California). The sublessor confirmed that the space was completely emptied/vacated; and while timing is not perfectly clear, on or about December th, sublessor became aware the space had been vacated upon following up on the late rent payment. He has no indication where the operations and/or subtenant belongings were moved. The Receiver's staff has also checked locations and redirected mail for more than other addresses. B. Funds Recovered, Known To Date In addition to the Commission providing notice of the asset freeze, the Receiver also promptly notified each bank and credit card payment processor identified as having an account associated with the Receivership Entities. In such notices, the Receiver demands turnover of the account, immediate cancellation of any debit or credit cards, identification/freeze of any safe deposit box, account 00.0/SD --

10 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page 0 of Page ID #: 0 0 balance and reserve information, and account records. As documentation has been received in response to such demands, the Receiver has spent timing reviewing and thus pursuing additional leads for service and/or account providers as well as for additional operating locations and/or business addresses. As previously mentioned, to date, the Receiver has recovered approximately $,000, which includes bank account balances and payment processor reserve balances. The following is a summary of the cash activity in the receivership estate bank account and/or Receiver-controlled bank accounts for the period from November, 0 through December, 0: RECEIVERSHIP ESTATE CASH ACTIVITY: Capital Sun Investments Chase Bank Recovery $,00 Premiere Capital Investments Chase Bank Recovery 00.0/SD -0- $ Fig Tree Chase Bank Recovery $ Impetus Enterprise Wells Fargo Bank Recovery $, Electronic Merchant Systems Reserve Recovery $, Choice Merchant Solutions Reserve Recovery $,0 Madera Merchant Reserve Recovery $,0 Payliance Merchant Reserve Recovery $0, Operating Expenses Paid ($,) Cash Balance as of December, 0 $, Very small additional recoveries from the sale of personal property are expected to be received in the near term. However, both physical location leases had significant term remaining, so no recovery of security deposits is anticipated.

11 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 C. Assessing Receivership Entities, Business Operations The operational appearance of the Office Premises was that of a call center, with a few offices and cubicles located throughout. Through the interviews of employees on site, the Receiver learned that the student loan debt relief services were marketed through mailers, call leads were purchased and that ultimate relief results may not be known (e.g., the company may have to contact the client or Department of Education directly to obtain results). As previously mentioned, call scripts and other similar documents were located, including a document entitled "Mandatory Enrollment Fees". Based upon (a) this document, which states that "First payment needs to be scheduled within -0 days of enrollment date", (b) bank records showing six figure monthly receipts, (c) sample customer data pulled from the CRM software showing payment requirements in the contract and payments reflected in the CRM system, and (d) other information gleaned from interviews discussed below, it appears very likely that payments were demanded and/or received prior to services being rendered and/or results delivered. Accordingly, and with no cash available to fund any level of operations (less than $ in the Studora-related operating accounts at takeover), the Receiver determined the business could not be operated at all, let alone operated legally and profitably, and therefore suspended operations. D. Control Over Receivership Entity Records, Electronic Accounts The Receiver has obtained control over three GoDaddy.com (website hosting, domain registration and service provider) accounts of the Receivership Entities. Included with these accounts is control to separate domains, a few accounts with minimal usage and some website files. Due to the fact the TRO and PI Orders did not provide specific reference to the websites and the accounts were held under various names, a considerable effort was undertaken to gain access. Once access was granted, the Receiver was able to redirect traffic from those websites to the receivership website. This effectively shut down the Receivership 00.0/SD --

12 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: Entities web presence and disabled the ongoing marketing of the Receivership Entities' debt relief services. It also serves to notify the previous customers of the Receivership Entities of the Receiver's appointment and provides basic information to assist them in their search for debt relief. The Receiver issued a subpoena for documents relating to additional GoDaddy.com accounts that may have been used by the Receivership Entities, which subpoena is currently outstanding. Additionally, as the accounts controlled by GoDaddy.com appeared to hold very little information, the Receiver continued to search for any other service providers. As part of that process, the Receiver noted that four domains 0 used Microsoft as the provider of their services and accordingly issued notice of the PI Order to them. Shortly thereafter, the Receiver was contacted by outside counsel for Microsoft requesting that the Receiver seek a specific order from the Court directing them to turn over access. After various discussions and negotiations, Microsoft agreed to freeze and preserve the accounts, notify the owners of the accounts and then, absent an objection within five days, turn over control to the accounts. That access was just obtained on Friday January, 0. As there are over 0 accounts related to four domains, the Receiver is currently examining options for securing the data in those accounts. The Receiver has also obtained access to three CRM software platforms and 0 is in the process of obtaining access to Intuit/QuickBooks online accounts. What information will be contained in the QuickBooks accounts is unknown. Additional possible vendors have also been noticed, however substantive or current information from those vendors has been limited. E. Scope of the Enterprise Without comprehensive banking and/or accounting records, the Receiver has not been able to identify the entire scope of the Receivership Entities' enterprise, the consumers affected, or the specific amounts invested and expended. However, as a point of reference, she has been able to perform a preliminary analysis and 00.0/SD --

13 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: accounting based on bank statements for the Capital Sun Investments, LLC account ending, which was opened on September, 0 and analyzed through November 0 (what appears to be reflective the Studora operation). Such analysis shows the following: 0 Gross deposits, after adjusting for intercompany transfers, what appear to be a few small loans and retail returns, total $,,000. This number is based solely on bank statement level transactional activity. It does not take into account chargeback/consumer returns and is not based on review of debit (e.g., canceled check) and credit (e.g., deposit slip) level details. A "Conversion" report in the Studora customer management account shows the total fees to date to be $,,000 and returns to date to be $,000 with, accounts enrolled and, accounts cancelled. An "Enrollment" report also reflects the net, (, less,) enrolled and, cancelled numbers. It should be noted that $,,000 in fees paid for /, enrollments translates to approximately $00 per consumer, which is in the general range of fees charged based on documents found at the Office Premises. 0 Additionally, through review of the three CRM databases, the Receiver has observed certain information regarding the potential number of consumers involved for all Receivership Entities, which could be tens of thousands based on contact lists located therein. The Receiver continues to work diligently to gain access to financial records and service providers, including Intuit for Receivership Entity online Quickbooks accounts, so she can work to efficiently gather and provide as much information as is available regarding the scope of the enterprises. 00.0/SD --

14 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 F. Personal Property During the Receiver's takeover of the Office Premises, her staff took a photographic inventory. For the most part, the personal property consists of CPU's, computer monitors, cubicles and other miscellaneous office furniture, fixtures and equipment. The Receiver located an auction company who agreed to pay a small sum for and who removed all office items at no cost. G. Pending Litigation Not including this action, the Receiver is aware of only one other pending action involving the Receivership Entities. This action was brought by Colombana in Orange County Superior Court against Duong, Avitia, and Impetus. The Receiver, through her counsel, provided notice of the TRO and PI Order and the stay of litigation against the Receivership Entities contained therein to counsel representing Duong, Avitia, and Impetus in that action, the receipt of which has been acknowledged. H. Territorial Jurisdiction Over Receivership Assets. By filing the Complaint and the TRO with other federal district courts in the United States, the territorial jurisdiction of this Court over receivership assets is extended to such districts. U.S.C., see also Haile v. Henderson Nat'l Bank, Fed. d, (th Cir. ). Based on information obtained to date, the Receiver has filed the Complaint and TRO in the District of Wyoming and is presently taking steps to file them in the Districts of Utah, Oregon and the Middle District of Florida. As additional information becomes available, the Receiver will file and record the Complaint and the appointment order in applicable districts and counties in conformity with and the federal law. I. Borrower/Client Communications. The Receiver has established a dedicated web page on the Receiver's website which will be used to provide case information, regular updates, and answers to frequently asked questions to employees and customers. The Internet address for 00.0/SD --

15 Case :-cv-0-jls-kes Document Filed 0// Page of Page ID #: 0 0 the webpage is as follows: In addition, the Receiver is maintaining a dedicated address and telephone line for all inquiries, which are regularly addressed. The website also includes a platform for people to sign-up for direct updates from the Receiver. To date, approximately 0 people have signed up. Once the Receiver has a more complete list of the known consumers who actually made payments to the Receivership Entities (including their contact information), her intention is to contact them directly, as well as the Department of Education, instructing them to communicate directly with one another and/or referring consumers to free debt counseling services. V. PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATIONS The Receiver's efforts to marshal and recover assets and relevant Receivership Entity documents and records are ongoing. In the near term, the Receiver and her professionals make the following recommendations. A. Document Recovery Efforts The Receiver will obtain records from all financial institutions and other service providers where the Receivership Entities maintained accounts as well as from attorneys and accountants engaged by the Receivership Entities. B. Receivership Asset Recovery Efforts and Investigation The Receiver will seek to locate any presently unaccounted for receivership assets that may exist. As part of her investigation, the Receiver will evaluate claims to pursue recovery of assets of the Receivership Entities from third parties. The Receiver will seek Court approval before pursuing any such claims. VI. CONCLUSION Based upon the Receiver's early investigation and findings, the Receiver recommends and requests that the Court order the Receiver to continue pursuant to 00.0/SD --

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